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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

Μελέτη υβριδικών μαγνητικών νανοσωματιδίων για την ελεγχόμενη χορήγηση αντικαρκινικών ουσιών

Αναγνώστου, Ελένη-Χριστίνα 29 April 2014 (has links)
Στο τομέα της νανοϊατρικής ένας από τους σημαντικότερους στόχους είναι η ανάπτυξη φαρμακευτικών νανοφορέων που θα μεταφέρουν και θα αποδεσμεύουν εκλεκτικά το φάρμακο στον πάσχοντα ιστό. Η χορήγηση δοξορουβικίνης (Dox), για παράδειγμα, εμφανίζει σημαντικά προβλήματα έλλειψης εκλεκτικότητας και συστημικής τοξικότητας. Μία πιθανή προσέγγιση για την περισσότερο εκλεκτική χορήγηση της Dox στους καρκινικούς όγκους είναι η χορήγηση της μετά τον εγκλεισμό της σε μαγνητικά στοχευόμενους νανοφορείς. Σκοπός της παρούσας μεταπτυχιακής εργασίας ειδίκευσης ήταν η μελέτη μαγνητικών νανοφορέων με βάση συμπολυμερή πολύ(μεθακρυλικού οξέος)-g-πολύ(μεθακρυλικής αιθυλενογλυκόλης) (p(MAA-g-EGMA) με διαφορετικά χαρακτηριστικά πολυμερικού κελύφους και ο προσδιορισμός εκείνων των χαρακτηριστικών που προσδίδουν στους νανοφορείς βέλτιστη συμπεριφορά. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, μελετήθηκε η σταθερότητα των μαγνητικών νανοφορέων με διαφορετικό μήκος αλυσίδων πολύ(αιθυλενογλυκόλης) και διαφορετική πυκνότητα αρνητικού φορτίου σε διάφορα μέσα όπως υδατικά διαλύματα χλωριούχου νατρίου (ΝαCl), ρυθμιστικού διαλύματος φωσφορικών (PBS), δοξορουβικίνης καθώς επίσης και σε υδατικά διαλύματα διαφόρων τιμών pH. Μελετήθηκε επίσης η φόρτωση του φαρμάκου σε αυτούς καθώς επίσης και η αποδέσμευση του από τους συγκεκριμένους νανοφορείς σε διάφορα μέσα (νερό, υδατικό διάλυμα PBS και διάλυμα αλβουμίνης σε PBS). Οι νανοφορείς παρασκευάστηκαν μέσω πρόσδεσης του συμπολυμερούς πολυ(μεθακρυλικού οξέος)-g-πολυ(μεθακρυλικής αιθυλενογλυκόλης) (p(MAA-g-EGMA) στην επιφάνεια νανοκρυσταλλιτών Fe2O3 κατά τη διάρκεια ανάπτυξής τους. Η μελέτη της σταθερότητας έγινε με τη μέθοδο της δυναμικής σκέδασης φωτός (DLS). Η μελέτη της φόρτωσης και της αποδέσμευσης του φαρμάκου στους και από τους νανοφορείς έγινε με τη μέθοδο της φασματοφωτομετρίας φθορισμού. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται συνοπτικά τα διάφορα είδη νανοφορέων, οι ιδιότητες καθώς και οι εφαρμογές αυτών. Γίνεται επίσης μια σύντομη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση σε ότι αφορά τη φόρτωση και αποδέσμευση φαρμάκων από νανοφορείς. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο είναι αφιερωμένο στις τεχνικές και τις μεθόδους που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν στα πλάισια της συγκεκριμένης εργασίας καθώς επίσης και των πειραματικών διαδικασιών.Τέλος, το τρίτο κεφάλαιο αφορά στην παράθεση και τον σχολιασμό των αποτελεσμάτων,τα οποία μπορούν να συνοψιστούν στα εξής συμπεράσματα:  Οι μαγνητικοί νανοφορείς με βάση συμπολυμερή πολύ(μεθακρυλικού οξέος)-g-πολύ(μεθακρυλικής αιθυλενογλυκόλης) (p(MAA-g-EGMA) έχουν ικανοποιητικά 7 χαρακτηριστικά μεγέθους και ζ δυναμικού για παρατεταμένη παραμονή στην κυκλοφορία μετά από ενδοφλέβια χορήγηση, γεγονός που αποτελεί προϋπόθεση για την εφαρμογή τους ως συστήματα εκλεκτικής μεταφοράς (στόχευσης) αντικαρκινικών φαρμάκων.  Οι υψηλές τιμές φόρτωσης της δοξορουβικίνης στους νανοφορείς με υψηλή πυκνότητα ανιονικών φορτίων, λόγω ισχυρότερων ηλεκτροστατικών αλληλεπιδράσεων με το θετικά φορτισμένο φάρμακο αποτελεί σημαντικό πλεονέκτημα των νανοφορέων αυτών σαν συστήματα χορήγησης δοξορουβικίνης.  Η αύξηση του ρυθμού αποδέσμευσης της δοξορουβικίνης από τους νανοφορείς σε διαλύματα αλβουμίνης με ελάττωση του pH είναι σημαντική καθώς παρέχει τη δυνατότητα μιας σχετικά εκλεκτικής διάθεσης του φαρμάκου στους καρκινικούς όγκους όπου επικρατούν συνθήκες χαμηλότερου από το το φυσιολογικό pH. Συμπερασματικά, τα αποτελέσματα που λήφθηκαν δικαιολογούν την περαιτέρω μελέτη των μαγνητικών νανοφορέων δοξορουμπικίνης για την καταλληλότητά τους ως φορείς στοχευμένης χορήγησης του φαρμάκου σε καρκινικούς όγκους. / In the field of nanomedicine, one of the most important targets is the development of functional nanoassemblies which will deliver and release selectively the drug to the suffering tissue. For example, the administration of doxorubicin (Dox) displays lack of selectivity and systemic toxicity issues. A possible approach towards a more selective delivery of Dox to the target tissue is its encapsulation at magnetically targeted nanoparticles. The present postgraduate thesis’ aim was the study of magnetic nanocarriers based on copolymers of poly(methacrylic acid)- graft -poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) (p(MAA -g- EGMA)) with different structural characteristics and the determination of those characteristics, that impart to the nanocarriers the optimal performance. Specifically, the stability of magnetic nanoparticles, with different chain length of poly(ethyleneglycol) and different density of negative charges, was studied at various media such as NaCl, pH and Dox concentration. The drug loading in the nanocarriers was also studied, as well as its release by the specific nanocarriers at various media (distilled water, PBS and albumin solution in PBS). The nanoparticles were prepared via a self-assembly process of the polymers [poly(methacrylic acid)-graft-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate) (p(MAA-g-EGMA)] on the surface of the growing iron oxide nanocrystallites. The stability studies were performed with the use of DLS technique. The study of the drug loading and release from the nanoparticles was followed using the fluorescence spectroscopy. In the first chapter, the various types of nanoparticles, their properties, as well as their applications are presented briefly. Additionally, a short literature review with regard to the loading and release of drugs from nanoparticles is presented. The second chapter refers to the techniques and methods that were utilized in the context of the present thesis, as well as to the experimental procedures. Finally, in the third chapter the experimental results are presented and discussed. Based on the results of this study:  The magnetic nanocarriers based on copolymers poly(methacrylic acid)- graft -poly(ethyleneglycolmethacrylate) (p(MAA -g- EGMA)) have satisfying characteristics of size and z potential for long blood residence time after an intravenous injection, which is a prerequisite for their application as controlled (targeted) delivery systems for anticancer drugs. The high values of doxorubicin loading without stability loss is an important advantage.  The increase in the release rate of doxorubicin by the nanocarriers in albumin solutions with low pH (5-6) is important, since it facilitates a relatively selective release of the drug in cancer tumors which display lower pH than that of the normal tissues. In conclusion, the results of the research justify the further in-vitro study of the suitability of the magnetic doxorubicin nanocarriers as selective delivery systems of the drug to the cancer tumors.
152

In vitro anticancer activity amd physicochemical characterization of liposomal and hybrid formulations of curcumin and curcumin/doxorubicin formulations / In vitro αντικαρκινική δραστικότητα και φυσικοχημικός χαρακτηρισμός λιποσωμικών και υβριδικών μορφών κουρκουμίνης και συνδυασμών κουρκουμίνης/δοξορουβικίνης

Matloob, Ahmed 09 June 2015 (has links)
Curcumin (CURC) was incorporated in liposomes as free drug or after formation of hydropropyl-β- or hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPβCD or HPγCD) complexes prepared by co-precipitation and characterized by X-ray diffractometry. Liposomes encapsulating CURC as free drug or CD-complexes (hybrid formulations) were prepared by the dehydration–rehydration vesicle (DRV) method followed by extrusion, and characterized for size, zeta-potential and CURC loading. CURC stability (at 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL) in 80% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) was evaluated at 37 oC. Results demonstrate that HPβCD stabilizes CURC more than HPCD, but liposome encapsulation provides substantially more protection, than CDs. CURC stabilization is similar, when encapsulated as free compound or CD-complex. However, the last method increases CURC loading by 23 times (depending on the lipid composition of liposomes and the CD used), resulting in higher solubility. The stability profile of CURC in serum depends on the composition of liposomes and CURC concentration, since at lower concentrations larger CURC fractions are protected due to protein binding. Compared to the corresponding CD complexes, hybrid formulations provide intermediate CURC solubility (comparable to HPβCD) but profoundly higher stabilization. After identifying that CURC formulations are active against B16 melanoma cells (in vitro), the optimal concentrations of CURC and doxorubicin (DOX) combinations (which provided highest anticancer activity [in vitro]) were identified. In a second step, combination hybrid-liposomal formulations of CURC and DOX were prepared, as a technique to deliver the specific combination of the two drugs to cancer cells following in vivo administration (since the two drugs have different pharmacokinetics and would not reach cancer cells at the same ratio if administered as free drugs). Additionally the effect of ceramide incorporation in the liposomal membrane on the anticancer activity of the later combination-formulations was investigated. The liposomal CURC-DOX combination formulations demonstrated significantly enhanced anticancer activity, compared to liposomes with DOX only. As confirmed by FACS analysis and uptake studies, this enhanced effect was due to increased uptake of DOX by the cells, in the presence of CURC (which was not seen when free compounds were used). Although a positive effect of ceramide addition in liposomal-DOX anticancer activity was demonstrated, in agreement with previous studies, ceramide addition did not result in further increase of the anticancer activity of the CURC-DOX combination formulations, when tested by MTT assay. However, mechanistic studies revealed that the CURC-DOX formulations resulted in higher percentage of early apoptotic cells, compared to the ceramide-DOX formulations which resulted mainly in late-apoptotic cells. When all CURC-DOX and Ceramide were combined in the same formulation, the percentages of early and late apoptotic cells were additive. / Η Κουρκουμίνη (CURC) ενσωματώθηκε σε λιποσώματα ως ελεύθερο μόριο ή ως σύμπλοκο εγκλεισμού με υδροξυπροπυλο-β-κυκλοδεξτρίνη ή υδροξυπροπυλο-γ-κυκλοδεξτρίνη (HPβCDorHPCD); Τα σύμπλοκα παρασκευάστηκαν με την τεχνική της συγκαταβύθισης και χαρακτηρίστηκαν με ακτίνες-Χ. Συμβατικά λιποσώματα (που ενσωματώνουν την CURC ωε ελεύθερο μόριο) και υβριδικά, που την εγκλωβίζουν ως σύμπλοκο-εγκλεισμού, παρασκευάστηκαν με την τεχνική DRV και εξώθηση διαμέσου μεμβρανών, και αφού χαρακτηρίστηκαν φυσικοχημικά (φόρτωση CURC, μέση διάμετρος, πολυδιασπορά και ζ-δυναμικό), μελετήθηκε η σταθερότητα της CURC (σε συγκέντρωση 0.01 and 0.05 mg/mL), όταν τα παρασκευάσματα επωάστηκαν σε ρυθμιστικό διάλυμα και ορρό (80% ο/ο FCS) στους 37 oC. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η HPβCD σταθεροποιεί την CURC περισσότερο από ότι η HPCD, αλλά η ενσωμάτωση σε λιποσώματα προσφέρει σημαντικά μεγαλύτερη σταθεροποίηση από ότι οι CDs (είτε όταν εγκλωβίζετε ως ελεύθερο μόριο ή ως CD-σύμπλοκο). Όμως η τελευταία μέθοδος πετυχαίνει αύξηση της φόρτωσης έως και κατά 23 φορές (ανάλογα με τη λιπιδική σύσταση και το σύμπλοκο που χρησιμοποιείται), με αποτέλεσμα να αυξάνει σημαντικά η διαλυτότητα της CURC. Η σταθερότητα της CURC παρουσία ορρού συνδέεται με την λιπιδική σύσταση των λιποσωμάτων και τη συγκέντρωση της CURC, αφού σε χαμηλότερες συγκεντρώσεις μεγαλύτερο κλάσμα της CURCfractions προστατεύεται λόγο σύνδεσης στις πρωτεΐνες. Σε σύγκριση με τα σύμπλοκα εγκλεισμού, οι υβριδικές λιποσωμικές μορφές προσφέρουν ενδιάμεση διαλυτότητα στην CURC (συγκρίσιμη με αυτήν της HPβCD) αλλά σημαντικά αυξημένη σταθερότητα. Μετά την απόδειξη ότι οι μορφές της CURC είναι δραστικές κατά κυττάρων μελανώματος B16 (invitro), εντοπίστηκαν οι βέλτιστες συγκεντρώσεις συνδυασμών CURC και δοξορουβικίνης (DOX) που προσφέρουν βέλτιστη αντικαρκινική δράση [invitro]. Σε δεύτερο βήμα, παρασκευάστηκαν υβριδικές λιποσωμικές μορφές συνδυασμών CURC -DOX, ως τεχνική χορήγησης συνδυασμών που θα φθάσουν στα καρκινικά κύτταρα στις αρχικές συγκεντρώσεις (κάτι που δεν θα συμβεί εάν χορηγηθούν ως ξεχωριστά φάρμακα λόγο της διαφορετικής κινητικής τους). Επιπρόσθετα μελετήθηκε η επίδραση της ενσωμάτωσης ceramideς στην λιποσωμική μεμβράνη στην αντικαρκινική δράση των μορφών. Οι μορφές συνδυασμού CURC-DOX έδειξαν αυξημένη αντικαρκινική δράση σε σύγκριση με λιποσώματα που είχαν μόνο DOX (κάτι που δεν παρατηρήθηκε όταν χρησιμοποιήθηκαν ελεύθερα τα δύο μόρια). Όπως επιβεβαιώθηκε με FACSanalysis και με πειράματα κυτταρικής πρόσληψης, αυτή η αυξημένη δράση των μορφών συνδυασμού οφείλετε σε αύξηση της πρόσληψης DOX από τα κύτταρα, παρουσία CURC (πάλι δεν συνέβηκε όταν χρησιμοποιήθηκε ελεύθερη CURC). Εάν και παρατηρήθηκε αυξημένη δραστικότητα λιποσωμικής -DOX όταν τα λιποσώματα είχαν ceramides στη σύσταση τους, σε συμφωνία με προηγούμενες μελέτες, η προσθήκη, ceramideς δεν είχε θετικό αποτέλεσμα στη δραστικότητα των μορφών συνδυασμού CURC-DOX όταν μετρήθηκε με την τεχνική MTT. Εντούτοις, μηχανιστικές μελέτες έδειξαν ότι οι μορφές συνδυασμού CURC-DOX έδωσαν αυξημένο ποσοστό κυττάρων που είναι σε αρχικά στάδια απόπτωσης, σε σχέση με τα λιποσωματα DOX με ceramides που έδωσαν μεγαλύτερα ποσοστά κυττάρων σε τελικά στάδια απόπτωσης. Στις μορφές που συνδύαζαν τα πάντα, CURC-DOX και Ceramides τα ποσοστά κυττάρων σε πρώιμη και προχωρημένη απόπτωση ήταν αθροιστικά.
153

Synthesis of Organic Compounds for Nuclide Therapy : Derivatives of Carboranes, 9-Aminoacridine and Anthracyclines

Ghirmai, Senait January 2004 (has links)
This thesis addresses the synthesis of organic compounds, some of them are derivatives of compounds with DNA binding properties, for potential use in targeted nuclide therapy. The compounds synthesized therefore also need to contain potent nuclides. Here the nuclides considered are the radionuclide 125I, and the stable isotope 10B, which becomes radioactive upon neutron activation. 125I is an Auger-electron emitter, which emits particles that can travel only about 1-2 µm through human tissue and hence has to be delivered to the cancer cell nucleus to cause DNA damage. Neutron activated 10B emits highly cell killing α-particles and 7Li3+ ions, the application of which in Boron Nuclide Capture Therapy (BNCT) has proven very promising. The thesis can be divided into three parts: i) A nido-carborate, 7-(3´-ammoniopropyl)-7,8-dicarba-nido-undecaborate(-1), has been synthesized and radioiodinated for use as a pendant group for attachment of 125I to tumor-seeking macromolecules. Radiolabeling was achieved in greater than 95% yield. ii) Both enantiomers of m-carboranylalanine, a carborane analogue of phenylalanine, have been prepared in high enantiomeric excess, and are of potential interest in BNCT. The synthesis involved amination of the N-acyl derivative formed from [3-(1,7-dicarba-closo-dodecarborane(12)-1-yl)-2-propanoic acid and Oppolzer’s camphor sultam. iii) Derivatives of the DNA intercalating compounds 9-aminoacridine, daunorubicin and doxorubicin have been synthesized and labeled with 125I. The 9-aminoacridines were synthesised with a variety of functional groups such as carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl. The anthracylines daunorubicin and doxorubicin are efficient chemotherapeutic agents; the synthesis routes of ester, amide and amine derivatives of these compounds are presented. The Chloramine T method was used for the radioiodinations, and the radioiodination precursors of both the acridine and the anthracycline derivatives, were made to contain either a trimethylstannyl group or a phenolic substituent. In the former case the trimethylstannyl group was replaced by 125I, and in the latter case, the compounds were radiolabeled directly at the o- position to the phenolic hydroxyl group. Both methods gave high radiolabeling yields.
154

Radiation responses of chemoresistant adenocarcinoma cells : from molecular mechanisms to new reversal strategies

Luzhna, Lidiya, University of Lethbridge. Faculty of Arts and Science January 2009 (has links)
Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death among women throughout the world. Treatment of breast cancer often fails due to the development of resistance to both chemo- and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the response to radiation of MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells and MCF-7 cells that are resistant to doxorubicin (MCF-7/DOX). The results presented in this thesis show that drug-resistant MCF-7/DOX cells survive high doses of radiation exposure better than MCF-7 cells. Moreover, the chemo- and radioresistance of MCF-7/DOX cells share common molecular mechanisms and loss of sensitivity to radiation in chemo-resistant cells may be explained by alterations in their DNA methylation profile. The results of experiments presented in this thesis may, therefore, serve as a first step for future analysis of tumour resistance to radio- and chemotherapy and for the development of novel epigenetic strategies for reversal of breast cancer resistance to cytotoxic treatment regimens. / xi, 98 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm
155

Doxorubicin resistance in a small cell lung cancer cell line can be abolished by siRNA down-regulation of cox 1

Aryal, Pratik January 2007 (has links)
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in small cell lung cancer is one of the major causes of failures of chemotherapy. MDR is a means of protection of tumor cells against chemotherapeutic drugs. Although the molecular basis of MDR is not fully understood, genes involved in apoptosis may be mutated. Recent finding of a link between over-expression of an apoptotic gene, cyclooxygenase 1 (cox 1), and MDR suggests that cox 1 is involved in the development of MDR phenotype. This research was an attempt to observe whether up-regulation of cox 1 contributes to the MDR phenotype in small cell lung cancer cells. This research ultimately may provide a mechanism to reverse the abberant up-regulation of apoptosis genes associated with multidrug resistance to either eliminate or control reproduction of cancer cells. Real time RT PCR was used to confirm the up-regulation of cox 1 in cultured MDR resistant small cell lung cancer cells (GLC4). The up-regulated cox 1 expression was down-regulated using RNA interference technology (RNAi) by transfection with an anti-cox 1 siRNA. More than 90% transfection of cells was confirmed using confocal microscopy. Down-regulation of cox 1 was validated as the protein expression significantly decreased (P=0.004) from multidrug resistant small cell lung cancer transfected cells compared to multidrug resistant nontransfected cells. There was decrease level of expression of cox 1 in multidrug resistant cells after the knockdown with siRNA specific to cox 1. The decreased level of cox 1 expression and, therefore, Cox 1 production increased the rate of apoptosis in small cell lung cancer cells as indicated by its sensitivity to the doxorubicin. / Department of Biology
156

Abolishing multidrug resistance in cultured lung cancer cells with RNA interference

Prajapati, Kamal 24 July 2010 (has links)
The gene, cox-1, is over-expressed in cultured GLC4 small cell lung cancer cells concurrent with the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR) as a result of the use of the chemotherapeutic agent used to combat the cancer, doxorubicin. Prevention of MDR has been a tremendous challenge in cancer research and this research is concerned with abolishment of MDR as a cancer survival strategy. RNA-mediated interference technology (RNAi) was employed using siRNA to decrease cox-1 expression and temporarily restore the susceptibility of the cells to doxorubicin. GLC4 cells are of three types: S (sensitive cells never exposed to doxorubicin); ADR (MDR cells cultured in doxorubicin), and; REV (revertant cells previously cultured in presence of doxorubicin but no longer). REV and ADR cells were transfected with cox-1 siRNA. After 24 h, 1x106cells were used for RNA isolation and 1 μg of RNA was used for RT-PCR to assess down-regulation of cox-1 RNA. RT-PCR results indicated that cox-1 RNA was down-regulated to basal levels seen before exposure to doxorubicin. Ct values for GLC4/ADR and cox-1 down-regulated GLC4/ADR cells were 23 and 34, respectively. The result indicated abundant levels and moderate levels of cox-1 mRNA in the ADR cells and the transfected ADR cells respectively. The relative expression level of cox-1 mRNA was 33% higher in the non-transfected GLCR/ADR cells as compared to the transfected GLCR/ADR cells as shown by the curve. Two hundred thousand cells were used for hemacytometer cell counts in the presence of trypan blue to assess cell viability. cox-1 down-regulation in ADR cells resulted in a significantly higher percentage of non-viable cells (25.4%) as compared to its non-transfected control (20.5%) using a Student’s t-test (*P <0.05). Similarly, fluorescence microscopy confirmed that apoptosis was significantly increased in the ADR cells treated with doxorubicin and cox-1 siRNA simultaneously (69.4%) as compared to its non-transfected control (56.7%) (*= P <0.01). A Western blot analysis performed by Fernando Cuadrado indicated that siRNA transfection decreased the expression of COX-1 by 66% in GLC4/ ADR cells as compared to the non-transfected control using densitometry. However, no conclusive results were obtained using flow cytometry as the flow cytometer was incapable of analyzing the mixed cell population (adherent and suspension) which is a characteristic of this cell line, GLC4. Thus, we have clearly demonstrated that MDR cancer cells can be altered temporarily to become susceptible to doxorubicin, a potentially important finding for the treatment of cancer patients. / Department of Biology
157

Differentially regulated proteins in breast cancer chemotherapy : a thesis presented to Massey University in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biochemistry

Koehn, Henning January 2005 (has links)
Intrinsic or acquired drug resistance of tumours is a major problem for successful therapy of breast cancer patients. The efficacy of doxorubicin, one of the most important and commonly used drugs in chemotherapy, can be severely compromised by a variety of unspecific mechanisms rendering tumours drug resistant. Little is known however, about the specific events taking place in response to doxorubicin treatment, which may repair doxorubicin-induced damage, leading to drug resistance. Doxorubicin is a topoisomerase II poison, which interferes with topoisomerase II enzymes during DNA replication, resulting in DNA double-strand breaks. Topoisomerase II enzymes mediate the passage of DNA strands by introducing transient DNA breaks, and are essential for changes in DNA topology during replication. The DNA lesions induced by the combination of topoisomerase II and doxorubicin can be repaired by either non homologous end-joining or homologous recombination repair, as both pathways are specifically responsible for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in non homologous end-joining and Rad51 in homologous recombination repair are essential for each of these pathways. If it was possible to specifically target these proteins or other antagonistic mechanisms of doxorubicin-induced cell death, which may be activated in response to doxorubicin treatment, chemosensitivity of tumours could be restored and chemotherapy made more effective. Hence it was the purpose of this study to investigate proteome-wide changes in protein expression in response to drug treatment, as well as specifically analysing alterations in the protein levels of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit and Rad51. Global changes in protein regulation of breast and breast cancer cells were investigated using mass spectrometric and electrophoretic analysis techniques. These experiments however, could not reproducibly identify any genuine drug-induced changes in protein levels, as only proteins of relatively high abundance could be analysed. Immunoblotting results however, showed that Rad51 was differentially regulated in a cell line- and drug dosage-dependent manner, while levels of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, increased levels of topoisomerase II alpha protein were also detected. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that both Rad51 and the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit could be independently overexpressed in breast tumours and therefore may represent potential targets for selectively enhancing chemosensitivity of breast cancers.
158

Liver transplantation and the role of adjuvant therapy for advanced primary liver tumours /

Söderdahl, Gunnar, January 2005 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
159

Assessment of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI for the early detection of treatment response in human advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Jiang, Yun. January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Description based on contents viewed June 11, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 31-35).
160

Investigations of DNA adducts of adriamycin and molecular interactions between DNA and xUBF Box 1 /

Luce, Ryan A. January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-88).

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