Ce travail a pour objectif d'étudier la tenue en fatigue de l'alliage de fonderie A356-T6 sous chargement multiaxial. Des essais en fatigue à 106 cycles ont été effectués pour deux rapports de chargements différents à Rσ = 0 et Rσ = -1. La première partie expérimentale est menée sur des éprouvettes issues d'une coulée en ‘V’ avec des défauts naturels de fonderie et des défauts artificiels avec une variation de la microstructure. Suite aux résultats expérimentaux, nous avons montré que la taille des défauts ainsi que la microstructure caractérisée par la SDAS, sont les principaux paramètres qui influencent la limite de fatigue de cet alliage. Par comparaison entre les résultats obtenus à Rσ = 0 et Rσ = -1, il s'avère que la contrainte moyenne joue un rôle primordial sur la sensibilité du matériau à la taille du défaut et à la SDAS. Dans la suite, des modifications ont été menées sur le critère de DSG qui consistent à introduire l’effet de la SDAS au niveau du critère. L’application de ce critère modifié dans un diagramme de Kitagawa pour les différents cas de chargement a montré que l’abattement de la limite de fatigue en fonction de la taille de défaut et de la SDAS est bien décrit. Dans la dernière partie un outil numérique a été développé permettant de simuler la limite de fatigue en partant du procédé de fonderie. Cette démarche est sous forme d’une chaîne de calcul numérique qui permet de simuler la taille de défaut et de la SDAS à partir du procédé de fonderie. Suite à cette simulation, le modèle est capable de prévoir la limite de fatigue en utilisant le critère de DSG modifié. La combinaison entre la loi de Weibull et le critère de DSG permet à la suite de la chaîne de simulation de prévoir ainsi la probabilité de rupture à chaque point de la structure. Nous avons proposé dans cette partie un moule qui permet d’élaborer des éprouvettes avec deux microstructures différentes. Dans cette étude, une deuxième campagne d’essais a été réalisée sur ces éprouvettes afin de valider la simulation numérique sur le moule proposé. Le modèle numérique prévoit raisonnablement bien les résultats expérimentaux obtenus. / This study aims to investigate the fatigue behaviour of A356-T6 aluminum alloy. Experimental fatigue tests at 106 cycles have been performed for two loading ratios: Rσ = 0 and Rσ = -1. The first experimental investigation was conducted on specimens from a ‘V’ wedge casting with natural and artificial defects which provides a variation of the microstructure. Following the experimental results, we have shown that defects characterized by their size and the microstructure characterized by SDAS, are the main parameters that control the fatigue limit. By comparing the results obtained for both loading ratios, it appears that the mean stress has an effect on the sensitivity to the defect size effect and microstructure.The DSG criterion was modified to introduce the effect of SDAS. This improved DSG criterion has been employed to predict the Kitagawa diagram for multiaxial loading for different loading cases. The simulation of the modified DSG criterion showed that the reduction of the fatigue limit with the defect size and SDAS is well described. In the last part a numerical model was developed to perform a simulation of the fatigue limit starting from the casting process. Using this numerical model, we simulated the defect size and SDAS depending on the solidification time, eventually the fatigue limit issimulated using the improved DSG criterion. With combining between Weibull law and modified DSG,we predict the probability of failure at each point of the structure. We proposed in this part a mold which let to obtain samples with two different microstructures. In this study, a second fatigue tests was carried out on these samples to validate the numerical simulation on the proposed mold. It turns out that the numerical model provides reasonably well the obtained experimental results.

<p><p>The Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) is a relatively new kind of transmission which shows increased efficiency and comfort compared to manual transmissions. Its construction is much like two parallell manual transmissions, where the gearshifts are controlled automatically. The gear-shift of a manual transmission involves a synchronization process, which synchronizes and locks the input shaft to the output shaft via the desired gear ratio. This process, which means transportation of a synchronizer sleeve, is performed by moving the gear shift lever which is connected to the sleeve. In a DCT, there is no mechanical connection between the gear-shift lever and the sleeve. Hence, an actuator system, controlled by a control system, must be used.</p><p>This report includes modelling, control system design and simulation results of a DCT synchronization process. The thesis work is performed at GM Powertrain (GMPT) in Trollhättan. At the time of this thesis, there is no DCT produced by GM, and therefore the results and conclusions rely on simulations. Most of the used system parameters are reasonable values collected from employees at GMPT and manual transmission literature.</p><p>The focus of the control design is to achieve a smooth, rather than fast, movement of the synchronizer sleeve. Simulations show that a synchronization process can be performed in less than 400 ms under normal conditions. The biggest problems controlling the sleeve position occur if there is a large amount of drag torque affecting the input shaft. Delay problems also worsen the performance a lot. An attempt to predict the synchronizer sleeve position is made and simulations shows advantages of that.</p><p>Some further work is needed before the developed control software can be used on a real DCT. Investigations of sensor noise robustness and the impact of dogging forces are the most important issues to be further investigated. Implementation of additional functionality for handling special conditions are also needed.</p></p>

The Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) is a relatively new kind of transmission which shows increased efficiency and comfort compared to manual transmissions. Its construction is much like two parallell manual transmissions, where the gearshifts are controlled automatically. The gear-shift of a manual transmission involves a synchronization process, which synchronizes and locks the input shaft to the output shaft via the desired gear ratio. This process, which means transportation of a synchronizer sleeve, is performed by moving the gear shift lever which is connected to the sleeve. In a DCT, there is no mechanical connection between the gear-shift lever and the sleeve. Hence, an actuator system, controlled by a control system, must be used. This report includes modelling, control system design and simulation results of a DCT synchronization process. The thesis work is performed at GM Powertrain (GMPT) in Trollhättan. At the time of this thesis, there is no DCT produced by GM, and therefore the results and conclusions rely on simulations. Most of the used system parameters are reasonable values collected from employees at GMPT and manual transmission literature. The focus of the control design is to achieve a smooth, rather than fast, movement of the synchronizer sleeve. Simulations show that a synchronization process can be performed in less than 400 ms under normal conditions. The biggest problems controlling the sleeve position occur if there is a large amount of drag torque affecting the input shaft. Delay problems also worsen the performance a lot. An attempt to predict the synchronizer sleeve position is made and simulations shows advantages of that. Some further work is needed before the developed control software can be used on a real DCT. Investigations of sensor noise robustness and the impact of dogging forces are the most important issues to be further investigated. Implementation of additional functionality for handling special conditions are also needed.

Above 90% of the current installed concentrating solar power plants are based on conventional steam-turbine cycles. The operation of steam turbines in these plants is distinctive when compared to traditional base-load power plants. The reason goes back to the intermittent nature of solar power which, in the absence of thermal energy storage or a back-up combustion boiler, forces plant operators to shut down the turbines during night time or at times of low solar radiation. Furthermore, such intermittency often leads to undesirable off-design turbine operating circumstances, either by load variations or changes on live-steam conditions.The present study examines the influence of implementing two operating strategies dealing with steam flow control as a function of incoming solar power for enhancing the thermo-economic performance of a direct steam generation solar tower power plant. The first one consists of a simultaneous high pressure turbine stage- and feed-water preheater bypass. This strategy is used during periods in which the solar radiation is higher than nominal. On these occasions, the plant is capable of generating a larger flow of steam, which allows for an increase in the power production when inserting the additional steam in the turbine bypass. On the other hand, the second operating strategy consists of using an additional feed-water preheater when the power from the field is lower than nominal. In this way, the feed water can reach a higher temperature prior entering the boiler, which is not only beneficial during times of cloud-passages, but also during the start-up process.A dynamic model of a direct steam generation solar tower power plant has been developed following design and operation specifications of an existing reference plant. The two proposed strategies were implemented to the reference model, then a whole year worth simulation was performed for both the reference and the modified models. Lastly, the thermodynamic and economic performance of both systems was measured for the purpose of comparison, by means of using KTH in-house tool DYESOPT. Results show that the implementation of the proposed strategies can enhance the economic viability of the systems by yielding a reduction of 8.7% on the levelized cost of electricity, mainly due to allowing achieving a 12% increase in the net electricity production.

This study focused on a numerical second law analysis and optimisation of a receiver tube op- erating in a parabolic trough solar collector for small-scale application. The receiver functioned in a Rankine cycle. The focus was on entropy generation minimisation in the receiver due to the high quality exergy losses in this component. Water functioned as the working uid and was heated from ambient conditions (liquid) to a superheated state (vapour), consequently, the receiver tube was subject to both single phase as well as two-phase ow. Entropy generation in the receiver tube was mainly due to nite temperature di erences as well as uid friction. The contribution of each of these components was investigated. Geometrical as well as operating conditions were investigated to obtain good guidelines for receiver tube and plant design. An operating pressure in the range of 1 MPa (Tsat = 180 C) to 10 MPa (Tsat = 311 C) was considered. Furthermore a mass ow range of 0:15 kg=s to 0:4 kg=s was investigated. Results showed that beyond a diameter of 20 mm, the main contributor to the entropy generation was the nite temperature di erences for most conditions. Generally, operating pressures below 3 MPa showed bad performance since the uid friction component was too large for small operating pressures. This phenomenon was due to long two-phase lengths and high pressure drops in this region. The nite temperature di erence component increased linearly when the tube diameter was increased (due to the increase in exposed area) if the focused heat ux was kept constant. However, the uid friction component increased quadratically when the diameter was reduced. In general when the concentration ratio was increased, the entropy generation was decreased. This was due to more focused heat on each section of the receiver pipe and, in general, resulted in shorter receiver lengths. Unfortunately, there is a limit to the highest concentration ratio that can be achieved and in this study, it was assumed to be 45 for two-dimensional trough technology. A Simulated Annealing (SA) optimisation algorithm was implemented to obtain certain optimum parameters. The optimisation showed that increasing the diameter could result in a decrease in entropy generation, provided that the concentration ratio is kept constant. However, beyond a certain point gains in minimising the entropy generation became negligible. Optimal operating pressure would generally increase if the mass ow rate was increased. Finally, it was seen that the highest operating pressure under consideration (10 MPa) showed the best performance when considering the minimisation of entropy in conjunction with the maximisation of the thermodynamic work output. / Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / MEng / Unrestricted

This thesis entitled “Mechanism of Anticancer and Antimalarial Action of a Modulator of Heat Shock Proteins” describes the successful elucidation of the mechanism of anticancer and antimalarial action of 15-Deoxyspergualin (DSG). DSG, a relatively well known immunosuppressant and antitumor molecule has been demonstrated to kill the malaria parasite in vitro and in vivo (Midorikawa et al., 1997; Midorikawa et al., 1998). A highly polar molecule, DSG binds the carboxy terminal “EEVD” motif of heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and Hsp90, enhances the ATPase activity of Hsp70 (Nadler et al., 1992; Nadler et al., 1998), and modulates several seemingly unrelated cellular processes. DSG has also been demonstrated to inhibit protein synthesis and polyamine synthesis in cells (Kawada et al., 2002; Hibasami et al., 1991), and previously speculated to inhibit malaria parasite growth by inhibiting polyamine synthesis. The grim situation with regard to malaria infection and mortality, principally an offshoot of the emergence of chloroquine resistant strains of the causative agent of malaria - Plasmodium falciparum, calls for intense efforts towards developing efficacious antimalarial agents with few side effects. DSG, having been used already in graft rejection cases in man and demonstrated to potently inhibit malaria in mice (Midorikawa et al., 1997), offers promise in this regard. It was, therefore, of interest to solve the mystery of its mechanism of antimalarial action. Chapter 1 surveys literature related to DSG mechanism of action and presents the thesis objective. Chapter 1 also gives an overview of heat shock proteins and their role in cancer, and the biology of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum), the working of the principal metabolic pathways existing in it, and a description of processes related to the intriguing, relict plastid present in apicomplexans. The metabolic processes previously speculated to be targeted by DSG, and those later found to be involved in DSG mechanism of action – polyamine synthesis and transport, protein synthesis and apicoplast processes are dealt with in more detail. Though DSG has been speculated to kill the malaria parasite by inhibiting polyamine synthesis, that DSG could clear malaria infection in Plasmodium berghei infected mice did not corroborate with the observation that inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis are incapable of inhibiting the malaria parasite in vivo probably because the parasites make do with polyamines salvaged from the host (Assaraf et al., 1984; Bitonti et al., 1987). On the other hand, DSG is known to bind heat shock proteins, and inhibit protein synthesis, and heat shock proteins are speculated to be involved in the activation of HRI (heme regulated inhibitor), a type of eIF2á kinase that phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor, eIF2á in conditions of heme deficiency or other cellular stress. eIF2á phosphorylation leads to stalling of protein synthesis. It seemed likely that if HRI is activated upon sequestration of heat shock proteins by DSG, it would culminate in protein synthesis inhibition and ultimately, cell death. With the intention to investigate this line of thought, the PlasmodB database was mined for proteins essential to the existence of heme dependent protein synthesis in Plasmodium falciparum. Two Hsp70 proteins from Plasmodium falciparum, one with the carboxy terminal “EEVD” motif implicated in DSG binding, and one without, and an Hsp70 interacting protein were cloned and expressed in their recombinant form in Escherichia coli. The preliminary characterization of these heat shock proteins described in Chapter 2 revealed that they were functionally active. DSG did not inhibit either the chaperone activity of the Hsp70s or the interaction of Hsp70 with Hip, but stimulated their ATPase activity as anticipated. Chapter 3 gives a complete picture of the mechanism of protein synthesis inhibition by DSG in the standard protein synthesis system – reticulocyte lysate. The experiments carried out revealed that DSG inhibits protein synthesis precisely through the mechanism envisaged, i.e. through phosphorylation of HRI following sequestration of Hsp70. Experiments involving exogenous addition of heat shock protein to in vitro translation reactions confirmed this hypothesis. Moreover, DSG inhibited protein synthesis in cancer cells in vivo, too, and HRI knockdown cells were not affected by DSG. Interestingly, the Hsp70 levels in various cancer cell lines inversely correlated with the inhibitory activity of DSG, and modulation of Hsp70 levels through standard methods altered DSG inhibition of protein synthesis in these cells. It was thus confirmed that DSG did indeed inhibit mammalian cells through the pathway envisaged. Its previously reported antitumor property is probably through this outlined mechanism of interference with protein regulation. In the malaria parasite, too, DSG inhibited protein synthesis through eIF2 alpha phosphorylation following Hsp70 sequestration as outlined in Chapter 4. However, while the concentration of DSG required for inhibition of malaria parasite growth was in the nanomolar range, high micromolar concentrations of DSG were required to effect protein synthesis inhibition in the malaria parasite, indicating that yet another target for DSG existed in the malaria parasite. With protein synthesis no longer a candidate target of DSG, I looked into the previously implicated polyamine synthesis pathway. In the event of DSG inhibiting polyamine transport in addition to polyamine biosynthesis, it would be expected to clear malaria infection in vivo contrary to other inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis. In Chapter 5, evidence for the polyamine synthesis pathway in the malaria parasite is provided. Experiments involving incorporation of radiolabeled precursors in the malaria parasite and in mammalian cells, however, revealed that only high micromolar concentrations of DSG inhibit polyamine synthesis. Polyamine transport was also studied in considerable detail in malaria parasite infected red blood cells. Though infected red blood cells demonstrated different kinetic parameters, implying that new polyamine transporters were employed by the parasite on the red blood cell upon infection, DSG did not potently inhibit polyamine transport, either. The mystery of the target of DSG in the malaria parasite was, however, close to solution, when the growth inhibition of the malaria parasite by DSG was studied carefully. DSG invoked “delayed death” – a phenomenon wherein death is invoked only one cycle after incubation with the inhibitor. “Delayed death” is typical of inhibitors that target apicoplast processes (Fichera and Roos, 1997). DSG did not inhibit either fatty acid synthesis or prokaryotic protein synthesis – processes that occur in the apicoplast, but effected a decrease in the amount of nucleus encoded proteins that are targeted to the apicoplast, suggesting that it inhibited the trafficking of nucleus encoded proteins to the apicoplast. Confocal microscopy of parasites transfected with GFP fusion protein confirmed these findings, and is described in Chapter 6. The thesis ends with a summary of the findings in Chapter 7. Apicoplast processes have always been considered to harbor immense potential in the development of antimalarial agents, thanks to the absence of an equivalent organelle and hence pathways, in the human host. Trafficking of nucleus encoded proteins to the apicoplast has remained unexplored however. The work done in this thesis not only serves to demystify DSG with regard to its mechanism of action, but also paves the way for further studies in this area of intracellular trafficking, which could help in the development of more efficacious antimalarial agents. It also adds a new dimension to previous work conducted with regard to the anticancer action of DSG. Appendix 1 revolves around inhibitors which target various apicoplast processes. Apicoplast processes have been conventionally linked to the intriguing but unfortunate (with respect to clinical application) “delayed death”. Results presented in this section demonstrate that not all apicoplast processes invoke “delayed death”. Inhibition of apicoplast processes such as fatty acid biosynthesis and heme synthesis evoke rapid death. Inhibitors designed to target these processes could, therefore, be highly efficacious.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-01-29T17:17:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Sebastião Antônio Mendanha Neto - 2014.pdf: 7092471 bytes, checksum: 12e06f6af9661e3416fd2248ee25333c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-01-29T17:41:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Sebastião Antônio Mendanha Neto - 2014.pdf: 7092471 bytes, checksum: 12e06f6af9661e3416fd2248ee25333c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-29T17:41:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Tese - Sebastião Antônio Mendanha Neto - 2014.pdf: 7092471 bytes, checksum: 12e06f6af9661e3416fd2248ee25333c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The interactions of terpenes with membranes of erythrocyte, fibroblasts, stratum corneum and the model membranes of 1,2-dipalmitoylsn -glycero-3-phosphocholine were investigated by using the the electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopic of lipophilic probes. It has been shown that when added at high concentrations to systems having a high lipid/solvent ratio, terpenes such as 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, (+)-limonene and nerolidol are able to self-stabilize in molecular aggregates which can extract the bilayers lipids. Studies on the hemolytic and cytotoxic potential of various terpenes showed that cell damage caused by these molecules are concentration dependent and that among the studied terpenes, nerolidol and α-terpineol are the most hemolytic and cytotoxic, while (+)-limonene and 1,8-cineole are the least hemolytic and cytotoxic. However, the low correlation between these two tests indicates that the processes involved in each case are not completely dependent. It was also shown that once embedded in the membrane, terpenes increase the fluidity of lipid bilayers and decrease the temperature of the main phase transition. Differences between increased fluidity promoted by sesquiterpene nerolidol and all monoterpenes studied were observed. Meanwhile, in a comparison of the effect of the monoterpenes studied, no significant differences in their ability to increase membrane fluidity were detected. Furthermore, it was demonstrated by using confocal and atomic force microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy that the 1,2-distearoylsn -glycero-3-(Aurora nanoparticles) is better incorporated in lipid membranes under fluid phase and that the addition of 0.1% of these conjugated nanoparticles do not produces large variations in membrane fluidity and no causes substantial morphological changes of lipid bilayers. / As intera¸c˜oes de terpenos com membranas de eritr´ocito, fibroblastos, estrato c´orneo e membrana modelo composta de 1,2-dipalmitoil-sn -glicero-3-fosfocolina foram investigadas por meio das espectroscopias de ressonˆancia paramagn´etica eletrˆ onica e de fluorescˆencia por meio do uso de sondas lipof´ılicas. Foi poss´ıvel demonstrar que quando adicionados em altas concentra¸c˜oes `a sistemas que possuem uma alta rela¸c˜ao lip´ıdio/solvente, terpenos como o 1,8-cineol, α-terpineol, (+)-limoneno e nerolidol s˜ao capazes de se estabilizar em agregados moleculares capazes de extrair os lip´ıdios das bicamadas. Estudos sobre o potencial hemol´ıtico e citot´oxico de v´arios terpenos demostraram que os danos celulares causados por estas mol´eculas s˜ao dependentes da concentra¸c˜ao e que dentre os terpenos estudados, nerolidol e terpineol s˜ao os mais hemol´ıticos e citot´oxicos enquanto limoneno e cineol s˜ao os menos hemol´ıticos e citot´oxicos. Entretanto, a baixa correla¸c˜ao entre estes dois testes indica que os processos envolvidos em cada caso n˜ao s˜ao totalmente dependentes. Ficou demonstrado ainda que uma vez incorporados nas membranas, os terpenos aumentam a fluidez das bicamadas lip´ıdicas e diminuem a temperatura de sua transi¸c˜ao de fase principal. Diferen¸cas entre o aumento de fluidez promovido pelo sesquiterpeno nerolidol e por todos os monoterpenos estudados foram verificadas. Contudo, uma compara¸c˜ao entre o efeito dos monoterpenos estudados, n˜ao aponta para diferen¸cas significativas entre suas capacidades de aumento de fluidez. Al´em disso, foi demostrado atrav´es das microscopias confocal e de for¸ca atˆomica e da espectroscopia de fluorescˆencia que a 1,2-distearoil-sn -glicero-3-(Nanopart´ıculas Aurora) ´e melhor incorporada em membranas lip´ıdicas em fase fluida e que a adi¸c˜ao de 0,1% destas nanopart´ıculas conjugadas n˜ao produz grandes varia¸c˜oes na fluidez e n˜ao provoca mudan¸cas morfol´ogicas substanciais das bicamadas lip´ıdicas.

This thesis deals with the conceptual design of a double clutch gearbox and the inspection of selected designed parts of this gearbox. The first part of the thesis is focused on the theory of automotive transmissions and analysis of already available double clutch gearboxes. The following is the conceptual design itself, which is based on the selected vehicle on which the transmission will be located and on driving resistances. Based on these default values, the gear graduation is selected, which affects the vehicle’s driving dynamics. With regard to the installation space, a conceptual arrangement of the gearbox is proposed. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on the basic design and calculations of individual functional components of the gearbox. The last part of the thesis is involved to the control of selected structural nodes using the finite element method in the ansys workbench software. The whole thesis describes the individual steps for the design of the basic concept of a double clutch gearbox and the design of their basic components.

Nowadays, one of the solutions considered in order to face the issue of global warming and to move towards a carbon neutral society relies on the use of solar energy as a renewable and bountiful primary source. And, if photovoltaic technologies account for a large part in the solar energy market, recent years have witnessed the growth of non-concentrated and concentrated solar thermal technologies. Among them, concentrated solar power technology (CSP) which uses the optical concentration of direct solar irradiation to generate high pressure and high temperature steam in the absorber tubes of the plant, has become a promising approach reaching 4.9 GWe of installed capacity by the end of 2015 [1]. However, one of the main challenges faced by CSP technology concerns the variability of solar energy related for example to sunrise, sunset, passing clouds… In addition to that, when it comes to direct steam generation, the presence of a two-phase flow regime inside the absorber tubes leads to a strong dynamic behavior of the steam generation. It is consequently necessary to be able to simulate this dynamic behavior in order to better handle the design and operation of CSP plants. Such simulation tools can then be used for the implementation and the test of reliable control systems aimed at maintaining desired operating conditions in spite of changes in solar irradiation. In this context, the National Institute for Solar Energy (INES), part of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) wishes to upgrade their dynamic simulation tool that would enable its teams to reproduce the behavior of a prototype based on the Fresnel solar field technology including direct steam generation which was built and commissioned at Cadarache, Aix-en-Provence. This Master thesis work takes place within this framework and aims at developing a multi-domain dynamic model of the aforementioned prototype. To do so, three models respectively in the thermalhydraulic, the optical and the control-command domains are built and combined using a co-simulation approach relying on an in-house simulation platform called PEGASE. More specifically the development of the following models has been addressed:  a thermal-hydraulic model of the two-phase flow circulating inside the vaporizer field of the prototype and realized with the thermal-hydraulic code CATHARE [2] (Advanced ThermalHydraulic Code for Water Reactor Accidents) applied to solar thermal biphasic issues,  an optical model of the receiver programmed using the Modelica language and the Dymola (Dynamic Modelling Laboratory) simulation software,  control-command models (PID controller, control architecture…) adapted and built upon blocks taken from a modelling library included in the PEGASE platform. Each model was first developed and tested on a standalone basis. These models were then coupled using the PEGASE co-simulation platform. A sunny day was simulated using the multi-domain model and the controllability of the plant was analyzed. At this stage, the study focused on the steam separator level regulation. A thermal-hydraulic study also focused on potential instabilities in the vaporizer that can occur under certain circumstances of water temperature at vaporizer inlet and solar heat flux. This analysis was carried out with a CATHARE standalone model. Perspectives of the present work include a complete validation of the developed models from future experimental data and further developments should aim to extend the modelling scope of the numerical simulator towards a representation of all the hydraulic parts of the CSP prototype. Control schemes and regulation tools would have to be extended as well in order to move towards a more representative control architecture of the prototype. Particularly, the steam quality at vaporizer outlet is an important variable to regulate. Indeed, this parameter is usually kept between 60% and 80% [3]. It must be high enough to limit the power consumption of the recirculation pump but not too high in order to prevent absorber dry-out. / Solenergi, som är en förnybar och riklig primärkälla, är en av de lösningarna som anses kunna lösa problemet med global uppvärmning och bidrar i omvandlingen till ett kolneutralt samhälle. Andelen fotovoltaiska teknologier på energimarknaden är övervägande, men andelen koncentrerad och ickekoncentrerad solterminsteknik har ökat under de senaste åren. Bland solterminsteknikerna är koncentrerad solenergiteknik (CSP), som använder den optiska koncentrationen av direkt strålning för att generera högtrycks- och högtemperaturånga i anläggningens absorberarrör, ett lovande tillvägagångssätt som har nått 4.9 GWe installerad kapacitet i slutet av 2015 [1]. En av de största utmaningarna med CSP-tekniken är solenergins variation vid till exempel soluppgång, solnedgång och passerande moln, vilket beror på varierad tillgång av solljus. Det finns också utmaningar med direkt ånggenerering via tvåfasflödes regimer inuti absorberarrören eftersom det leder till ett starkt dynamiskt beteende vid ånggenereringen. Det är följaktligen nödvändigt att kunna simulera detta dynamiska beteende för att bättre hantera design och drift av CSP-anläggningar. Sådana simuleringsverktyg kan sedan användas för att genomföra tester för att erhålla tillförlitliga styrsystem som upprätthåller önskade driftsförhållanden trots förändringar i solstrålningen I detta sammanhang vill National Institute for Solar Energy (INES), som är en del av den franska alternativa energikommissionen och atomenergi kommissionen (CEA), förbättra dess dynamiskt simuleringsverktyg som skulle möjliggöra för sina team att reproducera beteendet hos en prototyp baserad på Fresnel solfältsteknik inklusive direkt ånggenerering som byggts och beställts vid Cadarache, Aix-enProvence. Denna masteruppsats sker inom ramen för detta och syftar till att utveckla en dynamisk modell med flera domäner av den ovan nämnda prototypen. Tre modeller i termisk-hydraulisk, optisk och kontrollkommando domäner har byggts och kombinerats med hjälp av en co-simuleringsmetod som bygger på en intern simuleringsplattform som heter PEGASE. Mer specifikt om utvecklingen av modellerna enligt nedan:  En termisk-hydraulisk modell av tvåfasflöde som cirkulerar inuti förångarens fält på prototypen har realiserats med termisk-hydraulisk kod CATHARE [2] (Advanced Thermal-Hydraulic Code for Water Reactor Accidents) som appliceras på soltermisk bifasiska frågeställningar.  En optisk modell av mottagaren har programmerats med hjälp av Modelica-språket och simuleringsprogrammet Dymola (Dynamic Modeling Laboratory).  Modeller av kontrollkommandon (PID-kontroller, kontrollarkitektur ...) har byggts och anpassats i moduler som hämtats från modelleringsbibliotek som ingår i PEGASE-plattformen. Varje modell utvecklades och testades på fristående basis. Modellerna kopplades sedan samman i PEGASE-co-simuleringsplattformen. En solig dag simulerades därefter med en flerdomänmodell och styrningsförmågan av anläggningen analyserades. Vid detta stadium fokuserade studien på att reglera nivån av ångseparerande. En termisk-hydraulisk studie fokuserade sedan på potentiella instabiliteter i förångaren som kan uppstå under vissa omständigheter av vatteninloppstemperatur och solvärmeflöde. Denna analys genomfördes med en CATHARE fristående modell. Perspektiven för det aktuella arbetet omfattar en fullständig validering av de utvecklade modellerna med hjälp av framtida experimentella data. Vid en vidareutveckling bör inriktningen vara att utvidga modellernas omfattning av den numeriska simulatorn till att representera alla hydrauliska delar av CSP prototypen. Styrsystem och regleringsverktyg skulle också behöva förbättras för att få en mer representativ kontroll arkitektur av prototypen. I synnerhet är ångkvaliteten vid förångarens utlopp en viktig variabel att reglera. Faktum är att den här parametern vanligtvis hålls mellan 60% och 80% [3]. Det måste vara tillräckligt högt för att begränsa recirkulationspumpens elförbrukning men inte för hög för att förhindra att absorberen torkar ut.