<p>This  report  is  a  part  of  a  master  thesis  project  done  at  Ericsson  Linköping  incooperation with Linköpings Tekniska Högskola (LiTH). This project is divided intwo different parts.  The first part is to create a measurement node that collectsand processes data from network time protocol servers.   It is used to determinethe  quality  of  the  IP  network  at  the  node  and  detect  potential  defects  on  usedtimeservers or nodes on the networks.The second assignment is to analyze the collected data and further improve theexisting synchronization algorithm.  Ip communication is not designed to be timecritical and therefore the NTP protocol needs to be complemented with additionalsignal processing to achieve required accuracy.  Real time requirements limit thecomputational complexity of the signal processing algorithm.</p>

This  report  is  a  part  of  a  master  thesis  project  done  at  Ericsson  Linköping  incooperation with Linköpings Tekniska Högskola (LiTH). This project is divided intwo different parts.  The first part is to create a measurement node that collectsand processes data from network time protocol servers.   It is used to determinethe  quality  of  the  IP  network  at  the  node  and  detect  potential  defects  on  usedtimeservers or nodes on the networks.The second assignment is to analyze the collected data and further improve theexisting synchronization algorithm.  Ip communication is not designed to be timecritical and therefore the NTP protocol needs to be complemented with additionalsignal processing to achieve required accuracy.  Real time requirements limit thecomputational complexity of the signal processing algorithm.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do protocolo de pré-sincronização da ovulação com progesterona (P4) injetável de longa ação em novilhas e a influência de seus efeitos sobre a taxa de prenhez do protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) J-Synch adaptado. Novilhas Nelore (n=638; 21,5&#177;3,1 meses e 295&#177;23,3 kg) foram classificadas por ultrassonografia nos D22 e D12 em púberes (presença de corpo lúteo (CL) no D22 e/ou D12) ou pré-púberes (ausência de CL em ambas avaliações) e receberam 150 mg de P4 de longa ação I.M. no D22 (tratadas) ou não (controle), perfazendo arranjo fatorial 2X2. No D12, apenas as novilhas tratadas, receberam 150 &micro;g de D-cloprostenol (PGF, I.M.) e 1 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE, I.M.). No D0, avaliou-se a ciclicidade das novilhas e todas foram sincronizadas de acordo com protocolo J-Synch adaptado: D0: dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (1 g) + 2 mg BE e 75 &micro;g PGF; D6: remoção do dispositivo + 150 micro;g PGF. Uma detecção de estro foi realizada 48 h após a retirada dos dispositivos e as detectadas em estro foram inseminadas 12 h depois, ou em tempo fixo no D9, com aplicação I.M. de 10,5 &micro;g acetato de buserelina. Exames ultrassonográficos foram realizados para mensurar o diâmetro do maior folículo e foi determinado um escore uterino (EU=1-6). O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado no D39. Após 12 dias do tratamento (D0), menor proporção de novilhas, apresentando CL, foi verificada no grupo controle, quando comparada à de novilhas tratadas. Esta diferença foi mais acentuada nas pré-púberes (controle: 11,4% (23/199) vs. tratamento: 63,7% (136/215); P&lt;0,0001), quando comparada às púberes (controle: 79,5% (92/113) vs. tratamento: 91,2% (102/111); P=0,002). A taxa de prenhez geral foi de 42,2% e tendeu a ser influenciada por tratamento (P=0,07). Novilhas do grupo controle apresentaram menor taxa de prenhez, de manifestação de estro 48 h após a retirada do dispositivo (P=0,02) e de ovulação antecipada (P=0,007), quando comparadas às novilhas tratadas (37,3% (119/312) vs. 44,7% (150/326); 15,9% (48/312) vs. 23,3% (52/224); 7,5% (23/258) vs. 15,4% (42/244), respectivamente). Para o diâmetro do folículo dominante, no momento da IATF (D9), houve interação entre status puberal e tratamento (P&lt;0,05), sendo que as novilhas tratadas não diferiram entre si (pré-púberes: 11,1&#177;0,13 mm vs. púberes: 11,1&#177;0,17 mm; P=0,99). Para as novilhas do controle, as pré-púberes apresentaram menores diâmetros foliculares (10,9&#177;0,13 mm), quando comparados aos das púberes (11,5&#177;0,17 mm, P=0,03). A probabilidade de ciclicidade foi influenciada pelo diâmetro do folículo no D22 e no D12, para as novilhas pré-púberes tratadas (P&lt;0,05). O uso da P4 aumentou o diâmetro folicular e o EU, no D12, para as novilhas pré-púberes tratadas, quando comparadas às controles (P&lt;0,05). A taxa de prenhez foi maior nas novilhas que manifestaram estro 48 h após a retirada do dispositivo e foram inseminadas com 60h (60h: 66,1% (85/124); IATF: 34,8% (185/515)), e nas novilhas que apresentaram CL no D0 (com CL: 51,5% (181/353); sem CL: 30,5% (89/286)). Conclui-se que o protocolo de pré-sincronização com P4 injetável aumenta a porcentagem de novilhas ciclando e tende a aumentar a taxa de prenhez apresentada pelo protocolo J-Synch adaptado. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-acting injectable progesterone (P4) pre-synchronization protocol and the influence of its effects on the pregnancy rate of the timed artificial insemination (TAI) J -Synch adapted protocol. Nelore heifers (n=638; 21.5&#177;3.1 months and 295&#177;23.3 kg) were classified by ultrasonography on D22 and D12 in pubertal (with corpus luteum (CL) on D22 and/or D12) or prepubertal (absence of CL in both evaluations), and received 150 mg of long-acting P4 I.M. on D22 (treatment) or not (control), making a factorial arrangement 2X2. On D12, only heifers treated with P4 received 150 &micro;g of D-cloprostenol (PGF, I.M.) and 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB, I.M.). On D0, presence of CL was evaluated and all heifers were synchronized according to the adapted J-Synch protocol: D0: intravaginal release P4 device (1 g) + 2 mg EB and 75 &micro;g PGF; D6: removal of the P4 device + 150 &micro;g PGF. Animals detected in estrus at 48 hours after device removal were inseminated 12 h after or at fixed time on D9, with application of 10,5 &micro;g buserelin acetate I.M. The largest follicular diameter was evaluated by ultrasound and was determined a uterine score (US= 1-6). The pregnancy diagnostic was performed on D39. After 12 days of treatment (D0), lowest proportion of heifers presenting CL was verified in control group, when compared to treated heifers. This difference was more pronounced in the prepubertal (control: 11.4% (23/199) vs. treatment: 63.7% (136/215); P&lt;0,0001), when compared to pubertal (control: 79.5% (92/113) vs. treatament: 91.2% (102/111); P=0,002). The pregnancy rate was 42.2% and tended to be influenced by treatment (P=0.07). Control heifers had lower pregnancy rate, estrus manifestation 48 h after device remotion (P = 0.02) and early ovulation (P = 0.007), when compared to treated heifers (37.3% (119/312) vs. 44.7% (150/326); 15.9% (48/312) vs. 23.3% (52/224); 7.5% (23/258) vs. 15.4% (42/244), respectively). For diameter of the dominant follicle at TAI (D9) there was interaction between pubertal status and treatment (P&lt;0,05), and the two treated groups did not differ (prepubertal: 11.1&#177;0.13 mm vs. pubertal: 11.1&#177;0.17 mm; P=0,99). For control heifers, follicular diameter was smaller for prepubertal (10.9 &#177; 0.13 mm) than for pubertal (11.5 &#177; 0.17 mm, P = 0.03). Probability of cyclicity was influenced by follicular diameter on D22 and D12, for treated prepubertal heifers (P &lt;0.05). Use of P4 increased the follicular diameter and US on D12 for prepubertal heifers treated, when compared to controls (P &lt;0.05). Pregnancy rates was greater in heifers that showed estrus 48 h after the device was removed and were inseminated with 60h (60h: 66.1% (85/124); TAI: 34.8% (185/515)), and in heifers with CL on D0 (with CL: 51.5% (181/353); without CL: 30.5% (89/286)). In conclusion, pre-synchronization protocol with long-acting P4 increases the percentage of cyclic heifers and tends to increase the pregnancy rate after J-Synch adapted protocol.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do protocolo de pré-sincronização da ovulação com progesterona (P4) injetável de longa ação em novilhas e a influência de seus efeitos sobre a taxa de prenhez do protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) J-Synch adaptado. Novilhas Nelore (n=638; 21,5&#177;3,1 meses e 295&#177;23,3 kg) foram classificadas por ultrassonografia nos D22 e D12 em púberes (presença de corpo lúteo (CL) no D22 e/ou D12) ou pré-púberes (ausência de CL em ambas avaliações) e receberam 150 mg de P4 de longa ação I.M. no D22 (tratadas) ou não (controle), perfazendo arranjo fatorial 2X2. No D12, apenas as novilhas tratadas, receberam 150 &micro;g de D-cloprostenol (PGF, I.M.) e 1 mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE, I.M.). No D0, avaliou-se a ciclicidade das novilhas e todas foram sincronizadas de acordo com protocolo J-Synch adaptado: D0: dispositivo intravaginal de P4 (1 g) + 2 mg BE e 75 &micro;g PGF; D6: remoção do dispositivo + 150 micro;g PGF. Uma detecção de estro foi realizada 48 h após a retirada dos dispositivos e as detectadas em estro foram inseminadas 12 h depois, ou em tempo fixo no D9, com aplicação I.M. de 10,5 &micro;g acetato de buserelina. Exames ultrassonográficos foram realizados para mensurar o diâmetro do maior folículo e foi determinado um escore uterino (EU=1-6). O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado no D39. Após 12 dias do tratamento (D0), menor proporção de novilhas, apresentando CL, foi verificada no grupo controle, quando comparada à de novilhas tratadas. Esta diferença foi mais acentuada nas pré-púberes (controle: 11,4% (23/199) vs. tratamento: 63,7% (136/215); P&lt;0,0001), quando comparada às púberes (controle: 79,5% (92/113) vs. tratamento: 91,2% (102/111); P=0,002). A taxa de prenhez geral foi de 42,2% e tendeu a ser influenciada por tratamento (P=0,07). Novilhas do grupo controle apresentaram menor taxa de prenhez, de manifestação de estro 48 h após a retirada do dispositivo (P=0,02) e de ovulação antecipada (P=0,007), quando comparadas às novilhas tratadas (37,3% (119/312) vs. 44,7% (150/326); 15,9% (48/312) vs. 23,3% (52/224); 7,5% (23/258) vs. 15,4% (42/244), respectivamente). Para o diâmetro do folículo dominante, no momento da IATF (D9), houve interação entre status puberal e tratamento (P&lt;0,05), sendo que as novilhas tratadas não diferiram entre si (pré-púberes: 11,1&#177;0,13 mm vs. púberes: 11,1&#177;0,17 mm; P=0,99). Para as novilhas do controle, as pré-púberes apresentaram menores diâmetros foliculares (10,9&#177;0,13 mm), quando comparados aos das púberes (11,5&#177;0,17 mm, P=0,03). A probabilidade de ciclicidade foi influenciada pelo diâmetro do folículo no D22 e no D12, para as novilhas pré-púberes tratadas (P&lt;0,05). O uso da P4 aumentou o diâmetro folicular e o EU, no D12, para as novilhas pré-púberes tratadas, quando comparadas às controles (P&lt;0,05). A taxa de prenhez foi maior nas novilhas que manifestaram estro 48 h após a retirada do dispositivo e foram inseminadas com 60h (60h: 66,1% (85/124); IATF: 34,8% (185/515)), e nas novilhas que apresentaram CL no D0 (com CL: 51,5% (181/353); sem CL: 30,5% (89/286)). Conclui-se que o protocolo de pré-sincronização com P4 injetável aumenta a porcentagem de novilhas ciclando e tende a aumentar a taxa de prenhez apresentada pelo protocolo J-Synch adaptado. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-acting injectable progesterone (P4) pre-synchronization protocol and the influence of its effects on the pregnancy rate of the timed artificial insemination (TAI) J -Synch adapted protocol. Nelore heifers (n=638; 21.5&#177;3.1 months and 295&#177;23.3 kg) were classified by ultrasonography on D22 and D12 in pubertal (with corpus luteum (CL) on D22 and/or D12) or prepubertal (absence of CL in both evaluations), and received 150 mg of long-acting P4 I.M. on D22 (treatment) or not (control), making a factorial arrangement 2X2. On D12, only heifers treated with P4 received 150 &micro;g of D-cloprostenol (PGF, I.M.) and 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB, I.M.). On D0, presence of CL was evaluated and all heifers were synchronized according to the adapted J-Synch protocol: D0: intravaginal release P4 device (1 g) + 2 mg EB and 75 &micro;g PGF; D6: removal of the P4 device + 150 &micro;g PGF. Animals detected in estrus at 48 hours after device removal were inseminated 12 h after or at fixed time on D9, with application of 10,5 &micro;g buserelin acetate I.M. The largest follicular diameter was evaluated by ultrasound and was determined a uterine score (US= 1-6). The pregnancy diagnostic was performed on D39. After 12 days of treatment (D0), lowest proportion of heifers presenting CL was verified in control group, when compared to treated heifers. This difference was more pronounced in the prepubertal (control: 11.4% (23/199) vs. treatment: 63.7% (136/215); P&lt;0,0001), when compared to pubertal (control: 79.5% (92/113) vs. treatament: 91.2% (102/111); P=0,002). The pregnancy rate was 42.2% and tended to be influenced by treatment (P=0.07). Control heifers had lower pregnancy rate, estrus manifestation 48 h after device remotion (P = 0.02) and early ovulation (P = 0.007), when compared to treated heifers (37.3% (119/312) vs. 44.7% (150/326); 15.9% (48/312) vs. 23.3% (52/224); 7.5% (23/258) vs. 15.4% (42/244), respectively). For diameter of the dominant follicle at TAI (D9) there was interaction between pubertal status and treatment (P&lt;0,05), and the two treated groups did not differ (prepubertal: 11.1&#177;0.13 mm vs. pubertal: 11.1&#177;0.17 mm; P=0,99). For control heifers, follicular diameter was smaller for prepubertal (10.9 &#177; 0.13 mm) than for pubertal (11.5 &#177; 0.17 mm, P = 0.03). Probability of cyclicity was influenced by follicular diameter on D22 and D12, for treated prepubertal heifers (P &lt;0.05). Use of P4 increased the follicular diameter and US on D12 for prepubertal heifers treated, when compared to controls (P &lt;0.05). Pregnancy rates was greater in heifers that showed estrus 48 h after the device was removed and were inseminated with 60h (60h: 66.1% (85/124); TAI: 34.8% (185/515)), and in heifers with CL on D0 (with CL: 51.5% (181/353); without CL: 30.5% (89/286)). In conclusion, pre-synchronization protocol with long-acting P4 increases the percentage of cyclic heifers and tends to increase the pregnancy rate after J-Synch adapted protocol.

No description available.

<p><p>The Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) is a relatively new kind of transmission which shows increased efficiency and comfort compared to manual transmissions. Its construction is much like two parallell manual transmissions, where the gearshifts are controlled automatically. The gear-shift of a manual transmission involves a synchronization process, which synchronizes and locks the input shaft to the output shaft via the desired gear ratio. This process, which means transportation of a synchronizer sleeve, is performed by moving the gear shift lever which is connected to the sleeve. In a DCT, there is no mechanical connection between the gear-shift lever and the sleeve. Hence, an actuator system, controlled by a control system, must be used.</p><p>This report includes modelling, control system design and simulation results of a DCT synchronization process. The thesis work is performed at GM Powertrain (GMPT) in Trollhättan. At the time of this thesis, there is no DCT produced by GM, and therefore the results and conclusions rely on simulations. Most of the used system parameters are reasonable values collected from employees at GMPT and manual transmission literature.</p><p>The focus of the control design is to achieve a smooth, rather than fast, movement of the synchronizer sleeve. Simulations show that a synchronization process can be performed in less than 400 ms under normal conditions. The biggest problems controlling the sleeve position occur if there is a large amount of drag torque affecting the input shaft. Delay problems also worsen the performance a lot. An attempt to predict the synchronizer sleeve position is made and simulations shows advantages of that.</p><p>Some further work is needed before the developed control software can be used on a real DCT. Investigations of sensor noise robustness and the impact of dogging forces are the most important issues to be further investigated. Implementation of additional functionality for handling special conditions are also needed.</p></p>

The Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) is a relatively new kind of transmission which shows increased efficiency and comfort compared to manual transmissions. Its construction is much like two parallell manual transmissions, where the gearshifts are controlled automatically. The gear-shift of a manual transmission involves a synchronization process, which synchronizes and locks the input shaft to the output shaft via the desired gear ratio. This process, which means transportation of a synchronizer sleeve, is performed by moving the gear shift lever which is connected to the sleeve. In a DCT, there is no mechanical connection between the gear-shift lever and the sleeve. Hence, an actuator system, controlled by a control system, must be used. This report includes modelling, control system design and simulation results of a DCT synchronization process. The thesis work is performed at GM Powertrain (GMPT) in Trollhättan. At the time of this thesis, there is no DCT produced by GM, and therefore the results and conclusions rely on simulations. Most of the used system parameters are reasonable values collected from employees at GMPT and manual transmission literature. The focus of the control design is to achieve a smooth, rather than fast, movement of the synchronizer sleeve. Simulations show that a synchronization process can be performed in less than 400 ms under normal conditions. The biggest problems controlling the sleeve position occur if there is a large amount of drag torque affecting the input shaft. Delay problems also worsen the performance a lot. An attempt to predict the synchronizer sleeve position is made and simulations shows advantages of that. Some further work is needed before the developed control software can be used on a real DCT. Investigations of sensor noise robustness and the impact of dogging forces are the most important issues to be further investigated. Implementation of additional functionality for handling special conditions are also needed.

Examensarbetet undersöker den nya versionen av affärssystemet Microsoft Dynamics AX R2 2012 och dess plattform Commerce Runtime och analyserar dessa ur perspektiven arkitektur och kommunikationsmöjligheter. Examensarbetet undersöker systemets arkitektur och implementerar tre metoder för att visa upp kommunikationen mellan komponenterna i systemet. Undersökningen avgränsar sig dock till de områden av systemet och plattformen som har med butikslösningen att göra. Undersökningen går hand i hand med implementationen. Implementeringen sker löpande under arbetet för att säkerställa att undersökningen stämmer. Rapporten beskriver tre olika kommunikationsmetoder. Synch Service synkroniserar Dynamics AX databas med Commerce Runtime databas med hjälp av Dynamics AX användargränssnitt. SQL-adapter används för att hämta den synkroniserade datan i Commerce Runtime databas. Real-Time Service anropar exponerade metoder i Dynamics AX från en extern klient. Utifrån utvärderingen så lämpar sig Synch Service bra till när mycket information ska uppdateras rutinmässigt. Real-Time Service lämpar sig när data ska hanteras på ett antal bestämda sätt och då beräkningar av data ska genomföras och lämna tillbaka ett svar som genererats dynamiskt. / The thesis examines the new version of the Enterprise Resource Planning system, Microsoft Dynamics AX R2 2012, along with its platform Commerce Runtime and analyze them from the perspectives of architecture and communication possibilities. The thesis is looking into the system architecture and implements three methods to demonstrate the communication between the system components. The study of the system architecture is limited to the areas of the system and platform that are connected to the Retail solution.The study goes hand in hand with the implementation. The implementation is being done alongside the study to ensure its correctness. The report describes three different methods of communication. Synch Service synchronizes the Dynamics AX database with the Commerce Runtime database. SQL-adapter is used to retrieve the synchronized data from the Commerce Runtime database. Real-Time Service calls the exposed methods in Dynamics AX from an external client. Based on the evaluation; Synch Service is useful when a lot of data is being updated routinely. Real-Time Service is useful when data is to be handled in a number of specific ways and when calculations of data are needed to return a dynamically generated response.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-26T17:39:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ClsynchProtocoloAlternativo.pdf: 684963 bytes, checksum: 3da448a714c4fd271118bcae7e06d1e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-27T14:17:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ClsynchProtocoloAlternativo.pdf: 684963 bytes, checksum: 3da448a714c4fd271118bcae7e06d1e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-27T14:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_ClsynchProtocoloAlternativo.pdf: 684963 bytes, checksum: 3da448a714c4fd271118bcae7e06d1e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Apesar dos avanços tecnológicos alcançados no manejo de criação de búfalos e de técnicas de melhoramento genético, pouco se utilizam na prática para búfalos criados de forma extensiva. O desenvolvimento de protocolos de sincronização, que diminuam o estresse de contenção e reduzem os custos, contribuirá para o incremento da utilização da IATF nos rebanhos bubalinos. O experimento objetivou avaliar um método de sincronização e IATF econômico e pratico compatível ao tipo de criação extensiva. O experimento foi realizado em três fazendas distintas, duas em uma região de várzea, no Estado do Amapá (Local 1 e 2) conduzido na estação reprodutiva favorável. O terceiro no estado do Pará em pastagem cultivada de terra firme. Foram utilizadas 208 búfalas lactantes mestiças mediterrâneo/murrah com idades variadas de 2,5 a 10 anos com histórico de período pós parto ≥ 60 dias. As matrizes que portavam um corpo lúteo foi aplicado 2.0 ml Intra-Muscular de prostaglandina (PGF2α) (150μg/D-cloprostenol) no Dia 0 = D0. Setenta duas horas depois (Dia 3 = D3), foram realizados exame ginecológico para verificar a presença de muco e contratilidade uterina, e posterior inseminação e aplicação de 1.0 ml (100μg) IM de GnRH, com sêmen, de diferentes reprodutores. O diagnóstico de prenhez foi realizado entre 45 a 90 dias, através da palpação retal. O CL-Synch proporcionou uma taxa de prenhez media de 42,79%. Houve efeito significativo das variáveis: presença de contratilidade uterina (χ²= 10.9891; P= 0.0009), muco (χ²= 10.9891; P= 0.0009) e a condição corporal, (χ²= 20.2247; P= 0.0005). A presença do tônus uterino e do muco uterino mostraram-se como excelentes sinais indicativos de uma resposta de crescimento e diferenciação folicular e ovulação à estimulação hormonal. A relação reprodutor e taxa de prenhez não foi estatisticamente significativo (P=0,1684), sugerindo a uniformidade na qualidade do sêmen congelado proveniente da mesma central. Concluí-se que o CL-synch é promissor e suas vantagens se concentram no manejo de contenção das fêmeas e o baixo custo, pois possibilita a contenção somente duas vezes, quando comparado aos demais protocolos que necessitam de contenção de quatro vezes ou mais, diminuindo consideravelmente o estresse. / Despite technological advances in the management of buffalo ranching and breeding techniques, there is little use in practice for buffaloes in extensively breed. The development of synchronization protocols, which reduce the stress of restraint and reduce costs, contribute to increasing the use of TAI in the buffalo herds. The experiment aimed to evaluate a method of synchronization and TAI compatible economic and practical with extensively breed. The experiment was conducted at three different farms in two lowland region in the state of Amapá (Experiment 1 and 2) conducted in the favorable reproductive season. The third in the state of Pará in artificial pasture land held in the unfavorable season. We used 208 lactating crossbred buffaloes Mediterranean / Murrah ages varied from 2.5 to 10 years with a history of postpartum period ≥ 60 days. Mothers who bore a corpus luteum was applied 2.0 ml intramuscular prostaglandin (PGF2α) (150μg/D-cloprostenol) on Day 0 = D0. Seventy two hours later (Day 3 = D3), were performed gynecological exam to confirm the presence of mucus and uterine contractions, and therefore, were inseminated immediately received 1.0 ml (100μg) of GnRH IM, with semen from different bulls. The diagnosis of pregnancy was performed between 45-90 days, through rectal palpation. CL-Synch provided an average pregnancy rate of 42.79%. Significant effect of variables: the presence of uterine contractility (χ ² = 10.9891, P = 0.0009), mucus (χ ² = 10.9891, P = 0.0009) and body condition (χ ² = 20.2247, P = 0.0005). The presence of mucus and uterine tone as shown excellent signs of a growth response and follicular differentiation and ovulation to hormonal stimulation. The relationship between bull and pregnancy rate was not statistically significant (P = 0.1684), suggesting uniformity in the quality of frozen semen from the same plant. We conclude that CL-synch is promising and its benefits are concentrated in management and cost containment, as it enables the restraint only twice, when compared to other protocols that need to contain four or more times, significantly owering stress.

No description available.