Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A major problem of agricultural tractor during several operations in which it is used is the difficulty of working in various moisture conditions and soil types affect your ability to traction force, slip and fuel consumption. What has been observed is that with increased contact surface between the tire of the tractor and the ground, there is the possibility of reductions in slippage, since it compensates with its increased weight on the wheels. Considering the importance of agricultural tractors and characteristics of pneumatic tires to develop traction force and the fluctuation in the soil, this study aimed at comparing the use of single and dual tires on the rear axle of a tractor equipped with front wheel assist (FWA ) with different tire inflation pressures internal to the tractor and shot at a fixed pressure of the external configuration of dual tires, to assess performance in traction, using as parameters to assess the strength available: the drawbar pull, fuel consumption, the slip. Were also assessed indirectly by the pressure applied by the treads to the ground, weight transfer, forward kinematics, drawbar power, traction efficiency, dynamic coefficient of traction. It was found that the use of dual tires increases the contact surface of the tire with the soil may reach 13% increase from the surface, there are increments of 4.35% in the traction force on the use of dual tires in relation to the single increases in 7.5% of the available power at the drawbar when used double wheels at a pressure of 138 kPa. There was no difference in the slip to both axles. It was also found that the use of dual tires led to the highest efficiency in the drawbar that for the single, with the highest efficiency of 72.8%. The treatment produced the best results in this analysis was to run the setup dual tires with the pressure of 138 kPa. / Um dos maiores problemas do trator agrícola durante as diversas operações em que ele é utilizado é a dificuldade de se trabalhar nas mais diversas condições de umidade e tipos de solo afetando a sua capacidade de força de tração, consumo de combustível e patinamento. O que se tem observado é que, com o aumento da superfície de contato entre o pneu do trator agrícola e o solo, há a possibilidade de reduções dos índices de patinamento, desde que se compense com o respectivo aumento de peso sobre os rodados. Considerando a importância dos tratores agrícolas e características dos seus rodados pneumáticos em desenvolver força de tração e flutuação no solo, o presente trabalho analisou comparativamente o uso de rodado simples e rodado duplo no eixo traseiro de um trator agrícola dotado de tração dianteira auxiliar (TDA), com diferentes pressões de insuflagem dos pneus internos do trator e a uma pressão fixa no rodado externo da configuração de rodado duplo, para avaliação de desempenho em tração, utilizando-se como parâmetros de avaliação: a força disponível na barra tração, o consumo de combustível e o patinamento. Também foram avaliados indiretamente a pressão aplicada ao solo pelos rodados, transferência de peso, avanço cinemático, potência disponível na barra de tração, eficiência em tração, coeficiente dinâmico de tração. Foi verificado que o uso de rodado duplo aumenta a superfície de contato do pneu com o solo podendo chegar a 13 % de aumento dessa superfície, há incrementos da ordem de 4,35 % na força de tração na utilização de rodado duplo em relação ao rodado simples, aumenta-se em 7,5 % a potência disponível na barra de tração quando utilizado rodado duplo na pressão de 138 kPa. Não houve diferença no patinamento para ambos os rodados. Verificou-se também que a utilização de rodado duplo proporcionou maiores valores de eficiência em tração que para o rodado simples, sendo a maior eficiência de 72,8%. O tratamento que apresentou os melhores resultados nesta análise foi para a configuração rodado duplo na pressão de 138 kPa.

When designing roads it’s important to know what loads will be driven on it. The axles on heavy vehicles can either have super single tires or dual tires which, according to studies, damage the roads differently. The Swedish Transport Administration is developing an understanding for the character of these different kinds of axle and tire types on the loads induced on Swedish roads. In this thesis a field study was conducted to determine the distribution between axles with super single tires and axles with dual tires on heavy vehicles. A highway, a country road and a national road were investigated during the study. The result showed that the number of trucks with single tire axles, i.e. those with super single tires, varies between 39 and 48 percent on the different types of road. That the truck has a single tire axle means that the truck has at least one axle with single tires in addition to the steering axle. A small study was conducted to determine the width of tires on heavy vehicles. A comparison of trucks with single- and dual tire axles was carried out in terms of degradation of the roads. Permanent deformation of unbound layers and fatigue cracking were investigated since these degradation mechanisms are currently used as design parameters in the design of roads. Load values from Bridge Weight In Motion (BWIM) data were used in the calculations and vehicle type 113, 123 and 12211 were investigated. Permanent deformation and fatigue cracking were calculated according to the criteria given in ATB VÄG 2005. Dissipated Creep Strain Energy (DCSE) has been calculated for the selected truck types. The study showed that trucks with axles with single tires accelerate the degradation of the roads. The permanent deformation was almost the same for the two different kinds of axle types.

This master's thesis deals with the Weight in Motion systems (WIM). The main goal is to create simulation software that detects dual tires assembly with respect to the angle with which the sensor is embedded into the road. Thesis also contains literature search of available solutions of weighing systems and the sensors which are used in these systems. Subsequently, the thesis contains software for recognizing simple assembly or dual tires assembly from real measured data. Software solutions were developed using programming language Python v3.7. All source codes were developed in PyCharm Community Edition 2020.

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