The supreme aim of pastoral counselling is to facilitate the process of spiritual growth, sanctification and spiritual maturity in order for the counselee (in this instance a woman) to fulfil her purpose for which she has been created. For the co-dependent woman believer, dysfunctional and sinful behavioural patterns form a hindrance in this spiritual process. The central theoretical argument of this study is that pastoral counselling can be used effectively to guide women believers who experience co-dependent spiritual and emotional problems, to healing, transformation and spiritual growth. The aim is to determine the effect of co-dependency on the spiritual dimension of the woman believer and to establish pastoral guidelines for her spiritual growth and maturity. With a view to a better understanding of the nature and the extent of co-dependency, this study moved from the context to the text and the first objective was to explore related disciplines before biblical perspectives on co-dependency could be revealed. According to this meta-theoretical research, co-dependency mainly originates from dysfunctional families and entails one or more addictive conditions. These behavioural patterns mostly result in developing a false identity and is characterised by denial, worthlessness, unhealthy boundaries, defective self-assertion and dependence on others for acceptance to the detriment of self. Women believers often incorrectly justify their co-dependent behaviour from Scripture, which is indicative of a distorted understanding of God and possible pathology of belief. The second objective was to establish Scriptural perspectives with regard to co-dependency and subsequent influences on the spiritual dimension of women believers. Co-dependency appears intergenerationally and is rooted in sinful behavioural patterns. According to the Bible this sinful behaviour indicates an independency from God which is part of the effect of the fall of man. The family of David is a good example of the influence of the sin of parents on their children to the third and succeeding generations. For the purpose of this study the co-dependent behaviour of the women descendants of Sara were explored, The results of the empirical study confirmed the basic and meta-theoretical research which established that co-dependency negatively affects the spiritual dimension of women believers. The third objective was attained with the integration of the basic and meta-theoretical information in a hermeneutical way, in order to establish, among others, the following pastoral guidelines for the counselling of co-dependent women believers: - to identify intergenerational co-dependence behavioural patterns, distorted concepts of God and pathology of belief; - to establish healthy boundaries; and - to establish their new identity in Christ Jesus. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Thesis (M.A. (Social Work)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012 / Refer to document

This dissertation is concerned with the restoration of relevance of the Church ministry into the family system, in a given cultural area. The Igbo people of Nigeria are the principal foci for the research. They have experienced difficult times which this research considers to be the source for their emotional depression. One of the greatest problems which a family can face is being in crisis. Under this condition, it is completely disorganized. Such a family cannot think constructively nor plan together as a family for ways ahead, unless they are assisted. The joy and happiness of family life is lost. This study considers emotional depression to be a crisis faced by a dysfunctional family. Despite the presence of many Churches in Igboland, more families are still facing crisis. This points to the idea that the Church is not yet responding well to the caring needs of her members. The researcher believes that if the Anglican Church in Igboland can adopt the concept of the death and resurrection of Jesus after three days, which she teaches, in her caring ministry her services to the families will be more relevant. To succeed in this, the socio-cultural background of the people must be put into consideration. The main discussion on the crisis faced by the Igbo families is in chapters four and five. Chapter two gives the social, political, religious and economic background responsible for the crisis of the Igbos within Nigeria. Chapter three deals with the family system, highlighting both the functional and dysfunctional family system. Chapter six looks into the meaning ofthe Church and pastoral care by the Church, while chapter seven considers ways and means of restoring hope to a depressed family. The researcher believes that a sincere giving of pastoral care and counselling within the Anglican Church in Igboland will bring about the healing, sustaining, reconciling and restoring of the already depressed families. This will mean resurrection of family life. There will be true reconciliation among individuals within a family and between the family and God. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

No abstract available / Practical Theology / M. Diac. (Youth Work)

Dysfunctional examines the relationships and experiences that contribute to my art. I grew up in an unsafe environment, with dysfunctional people. This work serves as a peek inside some of those emotions and explores issues of codependence and abusive family systems that suffer but endure. There is no victim in this story only a strong survivor who wants to cultivate awareness through her work. I have revisited this subject as a way to overcome shame. By being vulnerable and sharing my experiences I am able to heal.

Background: Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is a respiratory disorder involving an upper chest breathing pattern and respiratory symptoms that cannot be attributed to a medical diagnosis. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to describe patients with DB and investigate clinical outcomes after physiotherapy treatment. Methods: Study I was descriptive and comparative, that included 25 patients with DB and 25 age- and sex-matched patients with asthma. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression, sense of coherence, influence on daily life due to breathing problems, respiratory symptoms, emergency room visits and asthma medication were investigated. Study II, a 5-year follow-up study based on the same sample as study I (22 patients with DB, 23 patients with asthma), studied treatment outcomes after information and breathing retraining. Study III was descriptive and correlational (20 healthy subjects), investigating whether the Respiratory Movement Measuring Instrument (RMMI) can discriminate between different breathing patterns in varying body positions. Study III also studied correlations between respiratory movements and breathing volumes (12 healthy subjects). Study IV was a single-subject AB design with follow-ups. Self-registered patient-specific respiratory symptoms and respiratory-related activity limitations and breathing pattern (measured with the RMMI) were evaluated after an intervention consisting of information and breathing retraining in five patients with DB. Results: Patients with DB had lower HRQoL (SF-36): vitality (mean 47 vs. 62), social functioning (70 vs. 94) and role emotional (64 vs. 94) (p<0.05) than patients with asthma. The DB group had a higher prevalence of anxiety (56% vs. 24%) and experienced more breathing problems than the asthma group. Patients with DB had made several emergency room visits and had been treated with asthma medication. At the 5-year follow-up, patients with DB showed improved HRQoL (SF-36): physical function 77 to 87 (p=0.04), decreased breathing problems and emergency room visits, and they were not treated with asthma medication. The RMMI can differentiate between different breathing patterns in different body positions. Strong correlations between respiratory movements and breathing volumes were observed (rs 0.86-1.00). The results in study IV indicate that patients with DB benefit from information and breathing retraining regarding decreased respiratory symptoms and activity limitations and improved breathing pattern.

Purpose: Previous research has highlighted that dysfunctional customer behaviour is commonplace in service exchange interactions. However, most research has focused on what forms of dysfunctional behaviours that are prevalent in a face-to-face context. Instead of focusing on traditional face-to-face interactions, this thesis will address and consider dysfunctional customer behaviour in a live chat support context. Moreover, the reason why certain behaviours are perceived as dysfunctional in an online context will also be discussed from a role discrepancy perspective. Methodology: The methodological approach relies on a qualitative case study of the online casino company LeoVegas. The research is carried out by conducting ten semi-structured interviews with the firm's live chat customer-contact employees. The interviews were conducted via the video chat application Skype. Findings: The findings highlight five customer behaviour categories that the respondents perceived as dysfunctional. The employees thought these behaviours violated the rules and norms of the service script. However, the data implied role discrepancies between the employees and customers, where the customers and the employees had different views of the service script. The reason for these discrepancies were due to customer ignorance of reading the terms and conditions, which the employees and LeoVegas recognized as the service script. This resulted in customer violations of the service scripts which the employees perceived as dysfunctional customer behaviour. Originality/Contribution:The thesis contributes with five employee perceived categories of dysfunctional customer behaviour in a relative unstudied online support context. A theoretical contribution of the study is the introduction of a new perception of dysfunctional customer behaviour, with the researchers arguing that dysfunctional customer behaviour is not about customers violating the service script but rather that there is a role discrepancy between the customers and the employees. This leads to an important managerial implication, that managers need to ensure role congruence between employees and customers so that role discrepancy may be avoided.

Insomnia is a common health complaint that often becomes a persistent problem. The theoretical frameworks for understanding and treating insomnia have mostly been behavioural, yet the importance of cognitive processes has received greater attention over the years. The overall aim of this dissertation was to expand the knowledge on the processes from the Cognitive Model of Insomnia by investigating them in novel contexts. Study I examined the outcomes from cognitive therapy for insomnia on adolescents. Study II explored the relationship between cognitive processes and the association with remission and persistence of insomnia in the general population. Lastly, Study III investigated if cognitive processes mediated between cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and outcomes of insomnia and depressive severity in a sample of people with insomnia comorbid with depressive problems. The findings show that cognitive therapy for insomnia affected sleep for adolescents, thus this is a promising treatment option for this age group. Further, it was found that cognitive processes distinguished between adults with normal sleep and persistent insomnia. For people with insomnia, elevated sleep-related worry at baseline increased the risk of reporting persistent insomnia later on, whereas a lowering of selective attention and monitoring, and safety behaviours over time increased the likelihood of remission from insomnia. This has clinical implications for insomnia assessment and treatment, as well as theoretical implications, and warrants further research. CBT-I was associated with greater reductions in dysfunctional beliefs and sleep-related safety behaviours compared to control treatment. Dysfunctional beliefs mediated between CBT-I and insomnia severity and depressive severity respectively. This supports the importance of negative thought content in both insomnia and depression.

This study examined the relationship among the factors of parental stress, marital adjustment, life event stress, and behavior problems of children and whether the sources and levels of parental stress, marital adjustment, and life event stress differed among families of children with . behavior problems and families whose children did not experience behavior problems. The subjects for this study were 60 mothers and their children from the North Texas metropolitan area chosen from two populations. Group I was composed of mothers of 30 children referred to a university related counseling center for behavior problems. Group II was composed of 30 mothers of children identified as not experiencing difficulty. Each mother completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI), Short Marital Adjustment Test (SMAT), and Social Readjustment Rating Questionnaire (SRRQ). Hotellings T tests were used to determine whether the groups differed on sources and levels of parenting stress, marital adjustment, and life event stress. The groups differed significantly on the variables of sources and levels of parenting stress but not on marital adjustment or life event stress. The multiple regression technique was used to determine which variable or combination of variables would predict group membership. Parenting stress was found to be the best predictor of group membership. Based on this study, mothers who have a child with behavior problems do have an increased level of parenting stress. This increased level of stress is related to characteristics of their child and to their own personal characteristics. Those mothers who experience increased levels of parenting stress do not experience significantly less satisfaction in their marriages nor do their children experience more stressful life events than other children.

The purpose of this analysis is to construct a program framework relating relevant factors of the law enforcement environment to a communication crisis training format. Such a design transcends simple reporting of existing programs by incorporating the as yet unrelated research of communicologists, psychologists, and sociologists into a unified approach. The underlying thrust of this study encourages the development of a broader base for police training. The need for that broader base, with full awareness of the interrelated nature of this program to the policeman's total responsibilities, seems apparent. The approach of this design seeks to be creatively utilization rather than traditionally value-laden.