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Subjective Sleep Quality of Isolated Sleep Paralysis: Fear Parameters and Psychosocial CorrelatesKushkituah, Yudyahn 01 January 2019 (has links)
The bidirectional link between insufficient sleep and the distress related to a parasomnia known as isolated sleep paralysis (ISP) might lead to chronic health effects. The impact of fear-ridden hallucinations related to this REM sleep disorder can be both distressful and embarrassing for individuals often resulting in a reticence to seek help. This quantitative study was guided by a biopsychosocial approach with an integrated theoretical framework. One aim of the study was to determine if fear parameters of ISP (low and high) differ when considering psychosocial factors and sleep quality, based on the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale, the Social Phobia Inventory, the Locus of Control (LOC) subscales, and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Inventory. Predictive associations between psychosocial factors and subjective sleep quality (SSQ) were also investigated. Retrospective online data from a sample of 159 participants ages 18 and over were analyzed via MANOVA, multiple regression, and independent samples t-tests. Findings from the MANOVA were significant and showed that participants who experience ISP with more fear scored higher on two measures, external other LOC and social phobia. The MANOVA regarding differences in SSQ in relation to psychosocial variables were not significant, and independent sample t-tests did not differentiate fear parameters for DBAS and SSQ (poor sleep was found for both parameters). Providers of therapeutic treatments should take factors of social phobia and external other LOC into account with regards to poor sleep quality for those distressed by ISP. Sleep quality assessments might benefit those who are afraid to disclose about ISP sleep distress, as long term poor sleep can place some at risk for negative health outcomes.
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“I’ve Been Given the Wrong Mother:” Reconsidering Absent Mothers in Postmodern British LiteratureSawyers, Amanda G. 01 December 2018 (has links) (PDF)
Nineteenth-century British authors, in particular, Charles Dickens, Charlotte Bronte, and Jane Austen, often turned to orphaned children as a means to drive the plot of their novels. While struggles such as displacement were often accurately depicted, the abovementioned authors and their contemporaries often glossed over or completely disregarded the trauma and psychological implications felt by these orphans. As psychology gained prominence as a discipline through the works of Sigmund Freud and others, modern British literature saw a shift in its consideration of orphans and, additionally, emotionally absent mothers. This thesis will examine three modern British novels; Ian McEwan’s Atonement, Kate Atkinson’s Behind the Scenes at the Museum, and Graham Swift’s Waterland with respect to their exploration of the psychological and possible traumatic impact of their protagonists lives in a variety of disrupted family dynamics.
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Barnens mående i dysfunktionella hem / Children and their mental health in dysfunctional homesGreco, Allis January 2024 (has links)
The aim of the study is to highlight children’s perspectives on parental mental health issues and/or substance abuse problems. Exploring their perspectives involves analyzing autobiographies written by individuals who have lived in dysfunctional homes. The analysis categorizes themes that cover events and experiences across all biographies. The study examines the children’s own mental health and how and if it gets affected from their parents’ issues, grounded in various concepts of attachment theory, aiming to investigate whether the children may have experienced insecure attachment or not. The thesis also delves into what enables children to find inner strength despite the challenging childhood they have experienced and how childhood is described, encompassing both negative and positive aspects. Their parents exhibit various forms of issues at different levels of severity, including alcohol misuse, severe mental health problems, and/or comorbidity.
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Change in Automatic and Strategic Cognition: An Examination of Cognitive Therapy for DepressionAdler, Abby Danielle 19 July 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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The study of mother's parental behavior and child's behavior as affected by father's affairNg, Lai-ping., 伍麗萍. January 1996 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences
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Family dysfunction and suicidal ideation: the role of depressive self and beliefs about the world.January 2006 (has links)
Wu Chi Hang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-49). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / List of Figures --- p.i / List of Tables --- p.ii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction to the Study --- p.1 / Introduction --- p.1 / The Role of Family Problems --- p.3 / The Mediating Effect of Self-Perception --- p.5 / The Mediating Effect of Beliefs about the World --- p.7 / Combining Self-Perceptions and Social Beliefs as Mediators --- p.11 / Gender Difference in the Mediation Model Interactions --- p.11 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method --- p.13 / Sample and Procedures --- p.13 / Instruments --- p.13 / McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) --- p.13 / Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) --- p.14 / Depression-Cognition: Cognition Checklist ´ؤ Depression (CCL-D) --- p.14 / Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale --- p.14 / The Social Axioms Survey --- p.14 / Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) --- p.15 / Analysis --- p.16 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results --- p.17 / Correlation among Variables --- p.17 / Exploratory Factor Analysis of FAD and Self-Perceptions --- p.18 / Mediation Analysis for Suicidal Ideation --- p.20 / Model Containing both Mediators --- p.24 / Testing Gender Differences in the Model --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion --- p.31 / Family and Suicidal Ideation --- p.31 / Family as a System --- p.32 / The Role of Social Beliefs --- p.34 / A Gender-General Model for Suicidal Ideation --- p.37 / Implications and Further Research --- p.38 / References --- p.40 / Appendix --- p.49
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The impact of a cognitive information processing intervention on dysfunctional career thoughts and vocational identity in high school studentsStrohm, David A. January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology / Kenneth F. Hughey / This study examined the impact of two career interventions on the dysfunctional career thoughts (DCTs) and vocational identity (VI) of 55 high school seniors. Research has shown an inverse relationship between levels of DCTs and VI. One intervention was based on the Cognitive Information Processing approach (Peterson, Sampson, & Reardon, 1991; Peterson, Sampson, Lenz, & Reardon, 2002; Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, & Lenz, 1996; Sampson, Reardon, Peterson, & Lenz, 2004) and incorporated Improving Your Career Thoughts: A Workbook for the Career Thoughts Inventory (CTI workbook; Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Reardon, & Saunders, 1996c) and the Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1994). The second intervention employed only the SDS. A control group used neither activity.
Levels of DCTs and VI were assessed pre-intervention and post-intervention using the Career Thoughts Inventory (Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Reardon, & Saunders, 1996a) and the Vocational Identity scale of My Vocational Situation (Holland, Daiger, & Power, 1980a). Earlier studies indicated improvements in levels of dysfunctional career thinking after CIP-based interventions (e.g., Kilk, 1998; Morano, 2005; Reed, 2006), but no previous studies employed the complete CTI workbook. Additional studies (e.g., Loughead & Black, 1990; Mau,1999; Wiggins, 1987) indicated that levels of vocational identity could be increased by using the SDS as an intervention.
The combined use of the CTI workbook and SDS produced significant improvements in all five measures of DCTs and VI. It was also shown that use of the SDS as a stand-alone intervention did improve levels of VI, but not to the extent of the improvements shown by combined use of the SDS and CTI workbook. Use of the SDS as a stand-alone intervention did not produce improvements in levels of DCTs. The control group, which employed neither the CTI workbook nor the SDS, unexpectedly showed significant improvements in scores for two CTI scales which may have been due to the influence of confounding variables.
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The effects of a cognitive information processing career intervention on the dysfunctional career thoughts, locus of control, and career decision self-efficacy of underprepared college studentsHenderson, Kristina M. January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Special Education / Kenneth F. Hughey / This study investigated the impact of a seven-session career intervention in a First Year Experience course on the dysfunctional career thoughts, locus of control, and career decision self-efficacy of underprepared college students. The career intervention was based on the cognitive information processing approach to career decision making (Peterson, Sampson, & Reardon, 1991; Peterson, Sampson, Reardon, & Lenz, 1996; Reardon, Lenz, Sampson, & Peterson, 2000; Sampson, Reardon, Peterson, & Lenz, 2004) and utilized the CTI workbook (Sampson, Peterson, Lenz, Reardon, & Saunders, 1996b). Participants in the study were full-time freshmen enrolled in remedial academic courses at a small, open-enrollment institution.
The study was a Nonequivalent Control Group design with delayed posttest. Ten hypotheses were identified and tested. The Career Thoughts Inventory, the Rotter IE Scale, and the Career Decision Self-Efficacy-Short Form were administered at pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest. ANCOVA was used to analyze differences between the mean scores by group for each of the dependent variables. In addition, dependent t-tests were used to examine the differences between the mean scores within group for each of the dependent variables.
Results of this study indicated that underprepared students who participated in the career intervention significantly improved dysfunctional career thoughts on all variables from pretest to posttest. Further, improvement in dysfunctional career
thoughts was maintained four weeks after the intervention. Significant differences were also found at posttest between the treatment and control groups for CTI Total and Decision-Making Confusion. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between dysfunctional career thinking and locus of control, indicating the participants with higher levels of dysfunctional career thoughts also had a more external locus of control.
Locus of control was not significantly different from pretest to posttest in the treatment group; however, locus of control did become more internal following the intervention. At delayed posttest, locus of control of the treatment group was not significantly different from Rotter’s (1966) normative sample while the control group continued to be significantly more external than the normative sample. While career decision self-efficacy was not significantly different from pretest to posttest, students’ scores indicated confidence in their ability to perform career tasks.
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Konflikdinamika binne 'n staalmaatskappy te Potchefstroom / Leonora HoffmanHoffman, Leonora January 2006 (has links)
South African organizations experienced more conflict in the past ten years because
of all the changes in the management of labour relations. Employees at lower, middle
and upper management levels within organizations are not well informed about the
different types of conflict, the functionality and dysfunctionality of conflict, how
conflict takes place within the different job-levels and how to manage and resolve it.
Dysfunctional conflict can be destructive and it can affect the productivity of the
organization.
Because of the lack of knowledge regarding conflict within the steel organization and
the necessity for it to be handled correctly, it was decided to seize the opportunity to
contribute to the existing knowledge of conflict.
Objectives of the study
The major objectives of this study are as follows:
To determine how literature conceptualizes conflict dynamics by examining
theory, industrial sociology, organizational behaviour and general
management.
To determine the following aspects by means of an empirical study:
- What the main reasons are for conflict within the steel organization.
- How the handling of conflict differs among the middle and lower
job levels within the organization.
Research study and methodology
The research study is divided into a theoretical and an empirical framework. Chapters 2,
3 and 4 outline the theoretical basis. Various aspects of conflict and handling or
managing it are discussed in detail. The study employs the conflict theories of Ralph
Dahrendorf and Karl Marx as points of departure, as found in chapter 2, in an attempt to
provide a framework for the problem statement and to attempt the attainment of the set of
objectives. This chapter discusses conflict and analyzes it as a social interaction
characterized by force, strife and animosity. It also offers and analysis of Dahrendorf s
and Marx's theories to determine their suitability to the study.
Chapter 3 discusses conflict within a business context with reference to functional and
dysfunctional conflict. different approaches to conflict. types of conflict, different
reactions to conflict as well as its different stages. Chapter 4 addresses the course,
handling and management of conflict by analyzing the conflict process while it keeps the
theories of Marx and Dahrendorf in mind.
Chapter 5 analyzes and describes the data and results found by means of empirical
research according to specific statistical methods. The empirical study was conducted
among the employees of a steel company. A standardised questionnaire and personal
interviews were used.
Major findings
Chapter 6 consists of analysed information about the assembled data. The major findings
of the study support the set of research objectives and prove all of them. Major findings
include the following:
Cooperation, discipline and communication are problem areas within the
steel organization.
A large number of employees show dissatisfaction about the nature and
extent of their work.
Some of the employees misuse their authority and this is a major cause of
conflict.
A total of 95% of the population show that they would like further training in
the dynamics of conflict management.
Half of the population show that they are unaware of any policies and
procedures of conflict management in the steel company.
Conclusion
In conclusion as found in chapter 6 the study makes a number of recommendations
centring on the training of employees to handle conflict and policy-making about
conflict-handling and management. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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The nature of conflict within an engineering company in the North West Province / Jaco VenterVenter, Jaco January 2006 (has links)
There is a need to determine the real reasons for conflict in the South African context. because it seems that the transformation process brought forth a reduction in work opportunities, workers losing their jobs, an increase in workplace violence, increasing dissatisfaction amongst workers, more strikes occuring, affirmative action, discrimination, recruitment of workers without the appropriate skills, corruption, workers who are too lazy to work, and professionals going overseas, etcetera.
Personnel in the companies must be adequately informed about the nature of conflict, the causes of conflict, the types of conflict and the management of conflict, because conflict is increasing and it must be managed correctly otherwise it will be destructive and inhibit the functioning of a company.
The objectives of the research study are as follows:
a) To determine how conflict dynamics are conceptualised in literature through the application of industrial sociological theories, organizational principles and general management theories.
b) To determine the main sources of conflict within the Engineering Company.
c) To determine if personnel on the horizontal and vertical levels in the Engineering Company are influenced differently by conflict.
d) To determine if there is a significant difference between the personnel in the Engineering Company in the manner in which they handle conflict with their superior and subordinates. The research study consists of a theoretical and an empirical framework. Chapter 1 covers the introduction, problem statement, the method and purpose of the research, and the description
of relevant terms.
In Chapter 2, the philosophies of Georg Friedrich Hegel and Immanuel Kant, and the theories of Karl Marx and Max Weber are used to serve as a basis on which the study can be built.
In Chapter 3, the nature of conflict is discussed in terms of the following types of conflict: interpersonal conflict, intrapersonal conflict, intergroup conflict, and intragroup conflict. The management of the different types of conflict is also discussed. Chapter 3 covers the empirical data of the research, and the empirical research results of the study. The most important results of this study and recommendations are given in Chapter 5. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Sociology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006
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