The world of sports has traditionally been known for promoting masculine behaviors, including a resistance to homosexuality. Research supports that gay men in sports have historically encountered prejudice and discrimination. Although the social climate has experienced change regarding homophobic discrimination and prejudice, research shows that challenges still exist for gay men who participate in sports; furthermore, to date, research could not be located that addresses the coping skills of gay men in amateur sports. This research addressed the lack of qualitative studies on the experiences of gay men who participate in amateur sports and on their use of coping skills. The purpose of the study was to describe the lived experiences of 8 gay men in amateur sports and to identify the coping skills, whether adaptive or maladaptive, used in sports environments. This study examined current literature on the consequences of prejudice and discrimination against gay men in sports environments. The conceptual framework for this study was based on the minority stress theory. The methodology was a phenomenological inquiry to gain an understanding of the lived experiences of this population. The 3 themes that emerged from the data were situation modification coping, emotion-focused coping, and minority stress. Understanding the experiences of gay men in amateur sports contributes to positive social change by identifying adaptive coping strategies, resulting in positive outcomes such as decreased stress and anxiety. Moreover, the lived experiences provided by this study's participants can provide direction for additional research to improve the experiences of gay men in sports.

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Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-10-04T20:55:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Neville Julio de Vilasboas e Santos - 2016.pdf: 2589034 bytes, checksum: b72efca848b9ece7c3c843da381d71fe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-10-05T11:12:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Neville Julio de Vilasboas e Santos - 2016.pdf: 2589034 bytes, checksum: b72efca848b9ece7c3c843da381d71fe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T11:12:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Neville Julio de Vilasboas e Santos - 2016.pdf: 2589034 bytes, checksum: b72efca848b9ece7c3c843da381d71fe (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / This thesis takes the group of employers in Brazil as an object for quantitative analysis, using data from the National Household Survey. The most traditional Marxist theories ascribe to employers, due to its position in capital-labour struggle, a location in high income strata. However, prevails a income gap between white and black workers, with preponderance of the latter group in less privileged economy sectors, in occupations with high informality rate and in enterprises that typically employ fewer workers and whose stability tends to be lower. Following the recent social sciences interest to analyse the dynamics of racial inequality in higher social strata, this thesis aims to investigate the "color effect", considering other intervening variables, on black and white employers’ income. A logistic regression method follows a historical and theoretical contextualization of the problem of racial inequalities in Brazil and the presentation of the profile of employers, to analyze the racial inequalities in the composition of the employer group, showing that controlled influential variables, blacks are less likely to be part of that group. A central task in this thesis is the analysis of income inequality between black and white employers, based on a theoretical discussion of the rapport between racial inequality, class and income. A Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition model showed a significant disparity of average incomes, whereas an extension of the earlier model proposed by Juhn, Murphy and Pierce led to conclude that black-white income inequality evolves, beyond the means difference, a significant increase along the distribution, particularly on higher strata. Taking apart the striking effect of education, the conclusion is that the color effect (effect of racial discrimination) is decisive and increases along the income distribution. / Esta tese toma o grupo dos/as empregadores/as no Brasil como objeto de análise quantitativa, utilizando os dados da PNAD de 2014. As teorias marxistas mais tradicionais atribuiriam aos/as empregadores/as, em razão de sua posição no conflito entre capital e trabalho, uma posição situada nos estratos de remuneração mais alta. No entanto, há desníveis de rendimentos entre brancos/as e negros/as e preponderância destes/as últimos/as em setores menos privilegiados da economia, em ocupações com alto índice de informalidade, em empreendimentos que geralmente empregam poucos trabalhadores e cuja estabilidade tende a ser menor. Seguindo o interesse recente das ciências sociais em investigar a dinâmica das desigualdades raciais em estratos sociais mais elevados, esta tese tem por objetivo investigar o “efeito da cor”, consideradas outras variáveis intervenientes, sobre os rendimentos de empregadores/as negros/as comparados aos/as de empregadores/as brancos/as. Após contextualização histórica e teórica da problemática das desigualdades raciais no Brasil e a apresentação do perfil dos/as empregadores/as, é utilizada a técnica de regressão logística para analisar as desigualdades raciais na composição do grupo empregador, mostrando que, controladas variáveis influentes, negros/as têm menores chances de fazer parte deste grupo. Em seguida, com base na discussão teórica sobre a relação entre desigualdade racial, classe e rendimento, é efetuada, como tarefa central da tese, a análise das desigualdades de rendimentos entre empregadores/as negros/as e brancos/as. Lançando mão do modelo de decomposição Oaxaca-Blinder, foi possível constatar a desigualdade significativa nos rendimentos médios, enquanto que, com uma extensão do modelo anterior proposta por Juhn, Murphy e Pierce (1993), concluiu-se que a desigualdade de rendimentos entre negros e brancos, para além da média, apresenta um incremento significativo ao longo da distribuição, sendo muito elevada nos estratos mais altos. Descontado o efeito marcante da educação, concluiu-se que o efeito da cor (efeito da discriminação racial) é decisivo e aumenta ao longo da distribuição de rendimentos.