Students use a myriad of disparate technologies and information sources to conduct a variety of activities during the research-paper writing process. While this process is considered a complex task, there is no “information appliance” that provides support. Using established frameworks of the research-paper writing process, an online survey was conducted to describe how activities, sources, and technologies used by students during the process are related to the various phases of that process. Connections were made between activities and technologies to show how an information appliance may support the process from onset to completion. Results show that the activities conducted during the process are iterative. The design application is that some technologies, such as those that support searching, need not be viewable at all times, but must always be available. These connections provide further insight into the student research-paper writing process and provide an example of how design may support task.

The food processing industry requires alternative methods for detecting the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes that are cheaper and faster than the current methods. Conventional antibodies and their fragments have been used as biorecognition elements in sensors before, but their use is hindered by high production cost and relative instability. These issues are resolved by VHH fragments, derived from the heavy chain-only antibodies found in Camelidae. VHHs are inexpensive to produce, and are more resistant to environmental stressors. This work describes the isolation of phage-displayed VHHs that recognize recombinant Internalin B, a virulence factor characteristic of L. monocytogenes. Clone R303 was chosen for further characterization, and shown to bind full-length Internalin B. Furthermore, immobilized R303 was shown to capture L. monocytogenes cells. This panel of VHHs, particularly R303, can be utilized by colleagues within the Sentinel Bioactive Paper Network to make a viable biosensor for L. monocytogenes. / Sentinel Bioactive Paper Network

No description available.

The load carrying capacity of interbre joints are one of the key entities for build-up of strength inpaper materials. In order to gain insight in how to tailor the macroscopic properties of such materialsby chemical and/or mechanical treatments at a microscopic level, direct measurement of individualbre{bre crosses are typically performed. However, the state of loading in the interbre joint, intesting of individual bre{bre crosses, is in general very complex and an increased understandingfor how to evaluate the mechanical properties of interbre joints is desirable. In Paper A, amethod for manufacturing and measuring the strength of isolated interbre joints is presented. Themethod is applied to investigate the strength of bre{bre crosses at two dierent modes of loading.Also, an investigation on the manufacturing conditions is presented. The strength distribution ofindividually prepared bre{bre crosses is characterized and it was found that the median strengthin a peeling type of loading was about 20% compared to samples tested in the conventional shearingtype of loading. In Paper B, a procedure for evaluating interbre joint strength measurementsin terms of resultant forces and moments in the interbre joint region is presented. The methodis applied to investigate the state of loading in bre{bre crosses tested in peeling and shearing,respectively. It is shown that for a typical interbre joint strength test, the load components otherthan shear, cannot in general be neglected and is strongly dependent on the structural geometry ofthe bre{bre crosses. In Paper C, four distinctly dierent load cases; peeling, shearing, tearingand a biaxial type of loading was tested mechanically and evaluated numerically in order to gainmore information on how interbre joints behave in dierent modes of loading. In Paper D, thein uence of a chemical additive on the interbre joint strength is investigated on the microscopic(joint) scale and correlated to the eect previously observed on the macroscopic (sheet) scale. Xraymicrotomography and image analysis was used to understand structural changes in the brousnetwork in terms of the number of interbre joints as well as the average interbre joint contact area.The results showed that the median interbre joint strength increased by 18% upon adsorption, andthat the polyelectrolyte increased the number of contacts between the bres as well as an increasedarea of contact. In Paper E, the damage behaviour of individual interbre joints is analyzed. Froman extensive number of mechanical tests, the typical damage behaviour is identied and a failurecriterion is used to study the in uence of failure properties to give indications on how to tailor thematerial to optimize the joint strength. / En av de viktigaste mekanismerna for den lastbarande formagan hos pappersmaterial ar brottegenskapernahos berfogarna. For att eektivt skraddarsy sadana materials egenskaper genom kemiskoch/eller mekanisk behandling samt for att forsta hur sadana modieringar paverkar egenskapernapa en mikroskopisk niva ar provning av individuella ber-ber-kors en allmant anvand metod. Belastningeni en berfog vid sadan provning ar dock generellt komplicerad och ytterligare kunskapom hur berfogars mekaniska egenskaper skall utvarderas ar onskvard. I Artikel A, presenterasen metod for tillverkning samt mekanisk provning av isolerade ber-kors vid tva olika typer avbelastning. Vidare undersoks hur torktrycket, torkmetoden samt graden av malning inverkar pafogstyrkan. Resultaten visar att brottlasten for en globalt akande belastning var omkring 20 % avbrottlasten for prov utforda med den konventionella skjuvande belastningen samt att styrkan hosindividuellt tillverkade berkors ar fordelade enligt en Weibull fordelning. I Artikel B, presenterasen numerisk metod for utvardering av fogstyrke-matningar med avseende pa kraft- och momentresultanternai gransytan mellan brerna. Metoden anvands for att studera belastningsmoden hosber-kors i tva principiellt olika lastfall. Resultaten visar att for ett typiskt berfogsprov, kan intelastkomponenterna, vid sidan av skjuvning, generellt forsummas da de ar starkt beroende avber-korsets geometri. I Artikel C, jamfors fogstyrkematningar under fyra principiellt olika lastfall; akande, skjuvande, rivande samt biaxiellt. De experimentella last-forskjutningskurvorna, samtde beraknade lastmoderna anvands for att undersoka vilket tillskott pa information de foreslagnalastfallen kan ge i hansyn till fogstyrkan hos massabrer. I Artikel D, undersoks en polymers (somabsorberats pa berytorna) inverkan pa saval berniva som pa natverksniva. Fiberfogstyrkan matsexperimentellt och eekten av den kemiska tillsatsen jamfors pa mikroskopisk niva (ber-kors) medtidigare uppmatt eekt pa makroskopisk niva (ark). Rontgentomogra och bildanalys anvands foratt undersoka de strukturella skillnaderna som uppstar i de brosa natverken vid absorption av enpolyamin och resultaten visar att antalet berfogar per berlangdenhet samt att medelkontaktareanokade. Resultaten visar ocksa att medianen av berfogsstyrkan okade med 18 %. Dessa eekter sammantagetar anledningen till varfor polyaminer, sasom PAH, ar sa eektiva for att oka torrstyrkanhos pappersmaterial. I Artikel E, karakteriseras skadebeteendet hos individuella berfogar franett omfattande antal matningar. Ett brottkriterium infors i den numeriska utvarderingsmetoden foratt studera skadebeteendet. Kanslighetsanalys och inverkan av brottparametrarna studeras ocksafor att ge indikationer pa hur egenskaperna kan skraddarsys for att optimera berfogstyrkan. / <p>QC 20140527</p> / BiMaC Innovation

A crease pattern is an embedded planar graph on a piece of paper. An m × n map is a rectangular piece of paper with a crease pattern that partitions the paper into an m × n regular grid of unit squares. If a map has a configuration such that all the faces of the map are stacked on a unit square and the paper does not self-intersect, then it is flat foldable, and the linear ordering of the faces is called a valid linear ordering. Otherwise, the map is unfoldable. In this thesis, we show that, given a linear ordering of the faces of an m × n map, we can decide in linear time whether it is a valid linear ordering or not. We also define a class of unfoldable 2 × n crease patterns for every n ≥ 5. / Graduate / 0984

High mobility has been a standard in the modern world for decades. This has resulted in high energy consumption, diminishing fossil energy reserves and rising levels of greenhouse gases. By recovering the energy lost in deceleration of vehicles the total energy consumption can be decreased and exhaust emissions reduced. This can be done with a kinetic energy recovery system (KERS) that converts kinetic energy to electric energy during deceleration, which then can be used for acceleration. KERS requires an electrical storage device with high power density, due to the high power levels generated at heavy braking. Batteries does not generally meet these requirements, especially in the cost-effective point of view, but different types of capacitors can be used to obtain a cheap and effective system. To get such an energy storage device small, lightweight and inexpensive while the technology is sustainable requires avoidance of rare metals and hazardous materials. In this master thesis energy and power levels for KERS has been modelled, based on standardized measurements techniques and small paper-based supercapacitors have been built and tested in order to model size, weight and price for a full-scale energy storage device to a KERS-application. The models showed that energy consumption in urban traffic could be reduced with 18% and with an electrode material for the energy storage device with a capacitance of about 1500 F/m2 a reasonable size and weight is obtained. To reach these values of capacitance in paper-based supercapacitors further testing is required on area and layer dependence and for different electrodes.

This thesis will show the possibility for the development and use of an on-line model for application to continuous digesters for pulp production. The model is developed by using a program called Dymola (Dynamic Modeling Laboratory). What makes the Dymola software so well suited is that the program solves equations simultaneously. The model is a further development from the Purdue model [Bhartiya et al, 2003]. The main difference between this model and the Purdue model however, is the dynamics in the model. The dynamics are very important when you use the model for control purposes because the cooking process has long dead and retention times. The main purpose of this model is to use it for the advanced control of continuous digesters as well as giving the operators a better understanding of what happens in the cooking process when changes are made. The model will also be used for diagnostic purposes. Advanced control in this case is Model Predicted Control (MPC). The MPC will control the quality of the pulp “kappa” number and the chemical consumption during digestion. This thesis describes the model and results are shown for applications of on-line diagnosis in three pulp mills in South Africa. Real time process data from the pulp mills is fed into the model and a simulation is performed. Thereafter, the results from the simulation are compared to the actual measured data for a number of key variables. By comparing the simulation results to the real process data and following the trends of the deviations between the two, different types of faults and upsets can be detected in both the process and sensors. / KKS project:Use of physical models combined with statistical models for improved digester control

This work presents a novel means of producing thin-film light-emitting devices, functioning according to the principle of electroluminescence, using an inkjet printing technique. This study represents the first report of a light-emitting device deposited completely by inkjet printing. An electroluminescent species, doped zinc sulfide, was incorporated into a polymeric matrix and deposited by piezoelectric inkjet printing. The layer was printed over other printed layers including electrodes composed of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and single-walled carbon nanotubes, and in certain device structures, an insulating species, barium titanate, in an insulating polymer binder. The materials used were all suitable for deposition and curing at low to moderate (<150°C) temperatures and atmospheric pressure, allowing for the use of polymers or paper as supportive substrates for the devices, and greatly facilitating the fabrication process. The deposition of a completely inkjet-printed light-emitting device has hitherto been unreported. When ZnS has been used as the emitter, solution-processed layers have been prepared by spin-coating, and never by inkjet printing. Furthermore, the utilization of the low-temperature-processed PEDOT:PSS/nanotube composite for both electrodes has not yet been reported. Device performance was compromised compared to conventionally prepared devices. This was partially due to the relatively high roughness of the printed films. It was also caused by energy level misalignment due to quantization (bandgap widening) of the small (<10 nm) nanoparticles, and the use of high work function cathode materials (Al and PEDOT:PSS). Regardless of their reduced performance, inkjet printing as a deposition technique for these devices presents unique advantages, the most notable of which are rapidity of fabrication and patterning, substrate flexibility, avoidance of material wastage by using drop-on-demand technology, and the need for only one main unit operation to produce an entire device.

This work presents a novel means of producing thin-film light-emitting devices, functioning according to the principle of electroluminescence, using an inkjet printing technique. This study represents the first report of a light-emitting device deposited completely by inkjet printing. An electroluminescent species, doped zinc sulfide, was incorporated into a polymeric matrix and deposited by piezoelectric inkjet printing. The layer was printed over other printed layers including electrodes composed of the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), doped with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and single-walled carbon nanotubes, and in certain device structures, an insulating species, barium titanate, in an insulating polymer binder. The materials used were all suitable for deposition and curing at low to moderate (<150°C) temperatures and atmospheric pressure, allowing for the use of polymers or paper as supportive substrates for the devices, and greatly facilitating the fabrication process. The deposition of a completely inkjet-printed light-emitting device has hitherto been unreported. When ZnS has been used as the emitter, solution-processed layers have been prepared by spin-coating, and never by inkjet printing. Furthermore, the utilization of the low-temperature-processed PEDOT:PSS/nanotube composite for both electrodes has not yet been reported. Device performance was compromised compared to conventionally prepared devices. This was partially due to the relatively high roughness of the printed films. It was also caused by energy level misalignment due to quantization (bandgap widening) of the small (<10 nm) nanoparticles, and the use of high work function cathode materials (Al and PEDOT:PSS). Regardless of their reduced performance, inkjet printing as a deposition technique for these devices presents unique advantages, the most notable of which are rapidity of fabrication and patterning, substrate flexibility, avoidance of material wastage by using drop-on-demand technology, and the need for only one main unit operation to produce an entire device.

OBJECTIU: Avaluar el paper del DC en l'aparició de demència a una població de pacients majors de 64 anys, procedents de 54 equips d'Atenció Primària de salut d'arreu del territori català als 3 anys i mig de seguiment, segons presència prèvia o absència de DC. Avaluar també si existeix una associació entre la mortalitat, la institucionalització, la inclusió en el programa ATDOM, la comorbiditat (AVC, IAM, arteriopatia perifèrica) i el consum de recursos dels pacients en relació a la presència o absència de DC DISSENY: Estudi de cohorts retrospectiuÀMBIT: 54 Equips d'Atenció Primària d'arreu de CatalunyaSUBJECTES: 712 pacients dividits en dues cohorts segons presència o absència de DCMEDICIONS. Variables resultat (aparició d'events- demència, èxitus, institucionalització, inclussió al programa ATDOM, AVC incident i temps fins aquesta aparició-) i nombre de visites a professionals. Variables explicatives : DC, edat, sexe, màxim nivell d'estudis, CAP, FRCV (HTA, DM, DL), patologia càrdiovascular prèvia (IAM, AVC, AP), patologies relacionades amb demència (acxfa, hipotiroidisme), altres patologies cròniques.Anàlisi de supervivència (associació entre factors predictors: Hazard Ratio; distribució del temps fins a l'esdeveniment segons DC corbes de supervivència de Kaplan-Maier ; associació entre DC i el temps fins a cada esdeveniment, model de regressió de riscos proporcionals de Cox o model estès de Cox). Nivell de significació: 5%; paquet estadístic Stata/Se versió 9.1Resultats: Presenten demència 72 individus, 66 del grup de deteriorats i 6 del grup de no deteriorats (Chi quadrat 66,47; P<0,000). Densitat d'incidència global de demència: 38,14 (IC 95%: 30,27-48,05) per 1000 persones-any. La presència de DC (HR que varia en el temps; 3,53 als 4 anys de seguiment) i l'edat (HR 2,59; IC 95%1,62-4,14 i P<0,001 per majors de 80 anys) expliquen l'aparició de demència. Per la resta de variables, els models són els següents. Èxitus: DC, l'edat, la comorbiditat, l'ingrés al programa ATDOM i el fet de patir un AVC ; Institucionalització: DC, l'ingrés al programa ATDOM, el fet de patir un AVC i el fet de patir demència;ATDOM: DC, l'edat, el fet de patir un AVC i el fet de no tenir DL. AVC: edat i la DM. No influeixen la HTA ni la DL ni el DC. La comorbiditat i el seguiment de la HTA expliquen la càrrega assistencial dels metges. El seguiment de la HTA, el seguiment de la DM i el sexe masculí expliquen la càrrega assistencial de les infermeres. Ni el DC ni la demència influeixen en la càrrega assistencialCONCLUSIONS: el DC és un predictor de la incidència de demència (HR varia en el temps), èxitus (HR=1,86), institucionalització (HR=4,99) i ATDOM (HR=1,87). No hem pogut demostrar que tingui aquest paper en el cas de la incidència d'AVC ni en el consum de recursos sanitaris. / "Study of the freqüency of cognitive impairment (CI) in Catalonia and prediction role of cognitive impairment. First Phase of Cuida'l study"TEXT:OBJECTIVE. To know the role of CI in dementia appearance in a population of people older than 64 years, from 54 Primary Care teams all arround Catalonia according to presence or absence of CI. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort studySETTING: Primary Care PARTICIPANTS: 712 patients divided into two cohorts according to presence or absence of CI. MEASUREMENTS: Result Variables: Dementia, death, institutionalisation, home care, stroke and times until these events. Number of visits to physician and nurse. Explicative variables: CI, age, sex, educational level, primary care team, cardiovascular risk factors, previous cardiovascular diseases, diseases related to dementia, and other chronic diseasesSurvival analysis. Signification level 5%. Statistical software: Stata 9.1.MAIN RESULTS: 72 patients adquired dementia (66 with previous CI, 6 without (Chi quadrat 66,47; P<0,000). Global density of incidence of dementia: 38,14 (CI 95%: 30,27-48,05) 1000 persons-year. The presence of CI (HR time-changing: 3,53 at 4 years of follow-up) and age HR 2,59; CI 95%1,62-4,14 and P<0,001 for older than 80 years explain the diagnosis of dementia). CI is explains mortality, institutionalisation, and home care. But has no role on stroke and sanitary services use.CONCLUSIONS: CI has a role on dementia (HR time-changing), death (HR=1,86), institutionalisation (HR=4,99) and home care (HR=1,87).KEY WORDS: Cognitive impairment, prediction role, dementia, primary care