This research aims to explore alternative participation formats to give people that are not usually participants a chance to express themselves in the service design process. Participation is a cornerstone of the service design process, which aims to organise experiences that meet the needs of the business, its users, and stakeholders. Participation is often organised around workshop formats and rarely experiments with alternative formats. This research revolved around the case study "Helping students cope with winter darkness in the Nordics" through an iterative and experimental approach, following the two stages of divergence within the four stages of design based on the double diamond process: Empathise and Discover, Frame and Define, Ideate and Develop, Prototype and Test.This research allowed me to gain a rich and nuanced understanding of the factors and practices that enable or hinder the cultivation of deeper engagement and reflection in collaborative design participation. My findings suggest that the participants’ interest, engagement, and the qualities of their contributions are impacted by the participation format. They also hint that not all potential participants should become participants.This master thesis opens the field of experimental (micro-) participation formats in service design.

Research has demonstrated that many factors affect levels of religiosity in American religion. This study extends the research on the relationship between cohort membership and public religious participation and individual personal involvement. Most of the research pertaining to the effects of cohort on religiosity has been devoted to comparisons between the Depression Era and Baby Boom Cohorts. This study extends research in this area by including Generation X to the extent possible. Using the General Social Surveys, this analysis employs an age/period/cohort analytical framework to examine religious involvement. Sociodemographic variables that are associated with religiosity are included in the analysis. Directions for future research on variations in religiosity measures are discussed.

<p>This thesis summarizes the findings of two studies, one qualitative and one quantitative, that examined the participation of adults with class III obesity in occupations of everyday living which included work, self-care, recreation and rest. The results of this research form the basis of the three manuscripts included in this thesis.</p> <p>The purpose of the first study was to describe the experience of living with obesity in the context of participation in daily activities and to identify factors that constrain or facilitate participation. Using a descriptive, phenomenological approach, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 adults who were enrolled in an obesity treatment program. This analysis revealed themes that underscored the tensions, barriers and coping strategies across and within occupations of everyday living. The quality and diversity of occupation was influenced by several barriers within their environment such as inaccessible physical spaces and negative attitudes towards persons with obesity. Participants described their lives as being "on-hold" until weight was lost. Findings from this study were used to develop a larger, cross sectional survey.</p> <p>The purpose of the cross sectional survey (study number 2) was to describe how adults with class III obesity spend their daily time and to identify factors that predict participation in the occupations of everyday living. An analysis of data collected (n= 128) using the Occupational Questionnaire revealed that the distribution of time spent across activities classified as work, daily living, recreation and rest was similar to the time use of adults with chronic health conditions. A multiple regression analysis (n=140) resulted in a model in which factors including social support and disability status explained 35% of the variance in satisfaction with participation.</p> <p>Results of these studies contributed to a better understanding of the daily experience of participation in the occupations of everyday living for adults with class III obesity and the factors that best predict satisfaction with participation.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Abstract Not Provided. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Boston University / Community participation has been regarded as a goal for people with rehabilitation needs, but there is a lack of consensus about the definition and measurement of community participation. In addition, there is limited knowledge about the community participation of individuals who are homeless. This dissertation contains three studies aimed at furthering our understanding about community participation among individuals who are, or were previously, homeless. Study 1 systematically reviewed instruments that measure community participation in people with disabilities and compared these instruments by analyzing the content based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Perspective (ICF) classification. Seventeen instruments were identified as containing community participation items. None of these instruments covered the full breadth of community participation domains, but each addressed community participation to some extent. Furthermore, most of the instruments lose precision by treating diverse activities as a single concept. [TRUNCATED] / 2018-09-01

Islamophobia, a form of discrimination targeting Muslims and individuals perceived to be Muslim, has been found to adversely affect health by disrupting various personal, social, and institutional systems within an individual and their environment (Samari, 2016). With reports of anti-muslim sentiments rising globally (Samari, 2016), Islamophobia deserves attention as a source of negative health outcomes and health disparities, yet little is known regarding the implications of Islamophobia for occupational therapy assessments and practice. This study aims to explore how Islamophobia impacts the participation of Muslim Americans in education, work, social activities, and other areas of occupation. A survey was conducted with 108 Muslim Americans, who shared their experiences and perceived effects of Islamophobia on their daily lives. Survey results indicated a significant correlation between experiences of Islamophobia and mental and emotional well-being, social connections, and self-expression and identity. Data collected also provided information regarding Islamophobia in different occupational settings. The study's findings shed light on research gaps within occupational therapy, particularly regarding the role of occupational therapists in addressing the impact of Islamophobia and racial and religious discrimination. This study proposes next steps to enhance the profession's understanding and capacity to effectively address the consequences of Islamophobia through various facets of occupational therapy, including assessment, intervention, education, and advocacy. / Temple University. College of Public Health / Health and Rehabilitation Sciences

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Yes / Peacekeeping has come a long way since the basic principles which define it were laid down by Lester Pearson and Dag Hammarskjold, to guide the deployment of the first full UN mission, UNEF I, in 1956. Since 1956, it has been generally accepted that peacekeeping is a function of the UN, but there are occasions when it has been used by international and regional organisations other than the UN, and there are operations which can be seen as early uses of peacekeeping which predated the formation of the UN in 1945. After the First World War, for example, multinational military bodies were used to establish and administer the new frontiers of Europe agreed by peace treaties after the war. Also after the First World War the League of Nations conducted activities which were comparable in some respects to peacekeeping. However, since 1945 peacekeeping has been the technique most frequently used by and associated with the United Nations to terminate conflicts and establish peace, so much so that the organisation was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for its peacekeeping activities in 1988 and indeed Pearson and Hammarskjold, the two people who ‘invented’ peacekeeping as a so-called chapter six and a half activity of the UN were also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957.

Yes / Within western cultures, the term `public participation¿ has strong positive connotations, and is associated with the promotion of democracy. The contention of this paper is that these invocations of democracy - although not entirely inaccurate - obscure the varied and tangible effects of public participation on wider policy processes. Drawing on Sharp and Connelly 2001, this paper argues that participation should not be analysed in terms of the type of democracy it invokes, but rather in terms of the extent and nature of its influence on the policy process. In particular, the policy process is examined for conflict between participants over (1) the extent of participation, (2) the nature of participation and (3) the influence of the participation, as well as (4) the outcomes to which it leads. This approach to the analysis of participation is demonstrated through a study of one element of participation in an authority¿s Local Agenda 21 process. The paper concludes that participation is inherently political and practitioners need to act strategically to manage participation in support of progressive agendas.