As optical interconnects make their paces to replace traditional electrical interconnects, implementing low cost optical components and hybrid optic-electronic systems are of great interest. In the research work described in this dissertation, we are making our efforts to develop several practical optical components using novel printing technologies including imprinting, ink-jet printing and a combination of both. Imprinting process using low cost electroplating mold is investigated and applied to the waveguide molding process, and it greatly reduces the surface roughness and thus the optical propagation loss. The imprinting process can be applied to photonic components from multi-mode waveguides with 50[mu]m critical dimension down to photonic crystal structures with 500nm hole diameter. Compared to traditional lithography process, imprinting process is featured by its great repeatability and high yield to define patterns on existing layers. Furthermore we still need an approach to deposit layers and that is the reason we integrate the ink-jet printing technology, another low-cost, low material consumption, environmental friendly process. Ink-jet printing process is capable of depositing a wide range of materials, including conductive layer, dielectric layer or other functional layers with defined patterns. Together with molding technology, we demonstrate three applications: proximity coupler, thermo-optic (TO) switch and electro-optic (EO) polymer modulator. The proximity coupler uses imprinted 50[mu]m waveguide with embedded mirrors and ink-jet printed micro-lenses to improve the board-to-board optical interconnects quality. The TO switch and EO modulator both utilize imprinting technology to define a core pattern in the cladding layer. Ink-jet printing is used to deposit the core layer for TO switch and the electrode layers for EO modulator. The fabricated TO switch operates at 1 kHz with less than 0.5ms switching time and the EO modulator shows V[pi][middle dot]L=5.68V[middle dot]cm. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first demonstrations of functional optical switches and modulators using printing method. To further enable the high rate fabrication of ink-jet printed photonic and electronic devices with multiple layers on flexible substrate, we develop a roll-to-roll ink-jet printing system, from hardware integration to software implementation. Machine vision aided real time automatic registration is achieved when printing multiple layers. / text

This dissertation tracks the intimate relationship between writing and the body to add new dimensions to humoral criticism and textual studies of Renaissance literature. Most humor theory focuses on the volatile, permeable nature of the body, and its vulnerability to environmental stimuli, neglecting the important role that written texts play in this economy of fluids. I apply the principles of humor theory to the study of handwritten and printed texts. This approach demonstrates that the textual economy of the period—reading, writing, publishing, exchanging letters, performing all of the above on stage—mirrors the economy of fluids that governed the humoral body. Early modern readers and writers could imagine textual activities not only as cerebral, abstract concepts, but also as sexual activities, as processes of ingestion and regurgitation. My study of ink combines humoral, historical materialist, and ecocritical modes of study. Materialist critics have examined the quill, paper, and printing press as metaphors for the body; however, the ink within them remains unexamined. This dissertation infuses the figurative body of the press with circulating passions, and brings to bear the natural, biochemical properties that ink lends to the texts it creates. Considering the influence of written and printed materials on the body in early modern poetry and drama requires consideration of the murky liquid from which these texts were composed. For early moderns, writing began with the precise, anatomical slicing of a goose feather, with the crushing of oak galls into wine or rainwater, with the application of heat and ferrous sulfate. These raw materials underwent a violent transformation to fill early modern inkwells. As a result of that mystical concoction, the fluid inside these vessels became humoral. The ink on a page represented one person's passions potentially invading the body of another. Therefore, ink serves as more than a metaphor for any particular humor. Pen and paper work as extensions of the body, and serve at turns as a mechanism of balance or imbalance.

My paintings contain both abstract and figurative elements that share an underlying theme: spiritual symbolism that conveys positive principles to live by. The symbolism that underscores my content carries over to my choice of palette; for example, red or yellow implies the vitality of life while purple stands for royalty.With my drawings, I concentrate on highly realistic graphite portraits of individuals I know. I present them in the environments in which they live to help highlight their unique personalities. With both painting and drawing, my goal is to illustrate spiritual philosophies on macro and micro levels respectively.

Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN), headquartered in Seattle, Washington, is the world’s largest online retailer (Jopson, 1). The company’s website launched in the United States in 1994 by Jeffrey Bezos as an online bookstore, later diversified to offer a broad line of products in multiple warehouses across the US. With successful expansion, Amazon.com is now available worldwide in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan, Brazil and China (SECdatabase, 50). The company directly sells or acts as a third – party to deliver the products to customers. As of the first quarter in 2011, Amazon has approximately 137 million active customers worldwide (Szkutak, 1). In 2007, CEO Jeff Bezos lead Amazon in a new direction by introducing the eReaderKindle, offering a new platform for digital books and other e-print media. The Kindle allows users to read, shop for, download and browse eBooks, newspaper, magazines, blogs and websites using Wi-Fi. The 3G Kindle uses Sprint’s 3G cellular services to allow immediate customer purchase and download from the Amazon Kindle store, with no connectivity charges. The base model e-ink Kindle features a 6” screen, while the Kindle DX has a 10” screen and the newly introduced Kindle Fire has 7” multi-touch colored screen. The Kindle is designed for people who favor a small, compact electronic device to carry in their pockets or bags. The purpose of this paper is to detail the development, technology, opportunities as well as challenges associated with Amazon Kindle in relate to the publishing industry. The paper also discusses whether the 6” eReader device will change reading habits and its impact on hardcopy publishing businesses worldwide.

In this thesis the critical parameters involved in the dislodgement and deformation of microbubbles in laminar channel flow, are determined and evaluated. Experimentally the effects of surface tension, viscosity, fluid flow rate, density, and bubble diameter on bubble dislodgement were evaluated. A theoretical scale analysis was performed which provided a general relationship between the parameters. Experimental results provided reasonable comparisons with values calculated from the scale analysis. Non-dimensional plots were generated of Weber number, at bubble dislodgement, versus Reynolds number and Weber number as a function of a non-dimensional bubble diameter. A calculated velocity detachment equation was also produced. This work is applicable to many areas of science and industry, particularly in the field of ink-jet printing. / Graduation date: 1992

This report contains a study of ink mileage, show through and other mechanisms that are important inthe study of substrate printability. These mechanisms have an impact on how ink will react on paper.To develop a substrate that provides good ink mileage and less show through requires a closer studyof substrate characteristics.Substrates with different characteristics have been tested by a technique developed for this projectcalled modified ink mileage. Ink mileage is a method to determine how much ink that is required for acertain target density. Further tests on the same substrates have been done including print throughand surface roughness measurements.

Thesis (M.S.) in Chemical Engineering--University of Maine, 2001. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-103).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-147).

Separation of hydrophilic inks such as pigmented inkjet and flexographic inks has been an issue in paper recycling since the beginning of their use. The use of inkjet printing is continuing to increase, and it does not appear that this increase will stop anytime soon. Because of this, it is essential to find an adequate method of deinking these inks for the recycling of paper products. There has been a significant amount of research on methods of improving deinking of these inks, but none have been effective up to this point. Additionally, there has been a significant amount of research studying the effects of deinking parameters on these inks, but there are still gaps in this knowledge. A thorough investigation of deinking chemicals and parameters was conducted in this research along with an investigation of the behavior of the hydrophilic inks during the paper recycling, such as the detachment and reattachment of the ink. Through this analysis, two novel deinking methods were developed to decrease the redeposition and improve the separation of these inks. These methods were adsorption deinking and Liquid Phase Plasma (LPP) treatment. Both of these methods were shown to improve the deinkability of hydrophilic inks. However, LPP treatment was also seen to have a negative impact when hydrophilic inks were mixed with traditional hydrophobic inks. It was hypothesized and shown that LPP treatment has a positive impact on deinking of hydrophilic inks but a negative impact on traditional inks, which led to the development of the adsorption deinking method that can deink both hydrophilic and traditional inks.

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