Orientador: Pilar Rodriguez de Massaguer / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:27:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TamegaJunior_WilsonPedro_M.pdf: 3655390 bytes, checksum: 7393715ee9c1c652503290358f0b2729 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Mestrado / Ciência de Alimentos / Mestre em Ciência de Alimentos

Orientador: Roberto Herminio Moretti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BenassiJunior_Mario_D.pdf: 1676376 bytes, checksum: f60c2e75a305891a4245bfd284c43500 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Foram formuladas três tipos de bebidas cítricas: Refrigerante, Refresco e Energético, e avaliada a influência do nível de maturação do suco na qualidade final dessas formulações. O Refrigerante foi formulado com 10 % de suco, em 5 diferentes níveis de maturação, com relação Brix/Acidez (¿Ratio¿) de: 8, 10, 12, 14 e 17. Os Refrescos foram formulados com 30 % de suco, oriundo de níveis de ¿Ratio¿ 10 e 17, e com três diferentes níveis de acidez (ácido cítrico): 0,75%, 0.55%, 0,35%, gerando bebidas com níveis finais de ¿Ratio¿ de 14, 19 e 30, totalizando seis tratamentos. Os Energéticos foram formulados com 2 % de suco, em níveis de ¿Ratio¿ de 10 e 17, e três níveis de estabilizante (goma xanthana) 0,04%, 0,05% e 0,06%, totalizando seis tratamentos. Nessas bebidas, e no suco concentrado utilizado como matéria prima, foram realizadas as seguintes determinações físico-químicas: viscosidade, cor (Hunter -L, a, b), opacidade, ácido ascórbico, pH, pectina, prolina, atividade de pectinesterase, cinzas, e minerais (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, Al), em triplicata, além disso as bebidas foram avaliadas através de análise sensorial, composta de um teste de aceitação, com escala não estruturada de 0 a 9 (desgostei muitíssimo, gostei muitíssimo), para os atributos: aroma, acidez, sabor, doçura, viscosidade e impressão global. Tanto as análises físicvo-químicas como a sensorial foram realizadas no momento da produção para todas as bebidas, após 180 dias nos Refrigerantes, e após 120 dias nos Energéticos e Refrescos. O Refrigerante não foi influenciado pelo nível de maturação do suco, apresentando menores: viscosidade, opacidade e teor de pectina, e maiores: pH, teor de ferro e cor, dentre as bebidas, sendo a bebida com a melhor avaliação sensorial. O Refresco foi influenciado pelo nível de maturação do suco na formulação, onde os Refrescos formulados com suco de ¿Ratio¿ 10, apresentaram a menor viscosidade, a maior opacidade e o maior teor de ácido ascórbico, enquanto que os Refrescos formulados com suco de ¿Ratio¿ 17 apresentaram cor mais clara e alaranjada, e maiores teores de prolina, cinzas e minerais, mas a pior avaliação sensorial dentre as bebidas. O Energético (2% de suco) também sofreu influência da maturação com os energéticos formulados com suco de ¿Ratio¿ 10, apresentando maiores: opacidade e teor de ácido ascórbico e os Energéticos formulados com ¿Ratio¿ 17, maior teor de cinzas, sendo esses as bebidas com a maior viscosidade, menor teor de minerais, e avaliação sensorial intermediária entre Refrigerantes e Refrescos / Abstract: Three different citrus juice drinks have been prepared: a soft drink (10 % of juice), an ade (30% of juice) and a sherbet (2 % of juice), all this beverages have been evaluated considering the influence provided by the maturation level of the juice used in the formulation. The soft drink has been formulated with 10 % of orange juice in five different levels of Brix/acid ratio of 8, 10, 12, 14 and 17. The orange ades have been formulated with 30 % of orange juice in two leves of brix/acid ratio: 10 and 17, and three different levels of acidity (citric acid): 0.75%, 0.55% and 0.25%, producing beverages with final brix/acid ratio of 14, 19 and 30. The sherbets have been formulated with 2 % of orange juice with two levels of brix/acid ratio 10 and 17, and three levels of texturizers (Xanthan gum): 0.04%, 0.05% and 0.06%. All this beverages, have been submitted to the folowing physicochemical determinations: viscosity, color (Hunter L, a, b), opacity, ascorbic acid, pH, total pectin, proline, pectin esterase activity, ashes and mineral content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Na, Al), realized in three repetitions. Besides that, a sensory evaluation was carried out in a acceptance test with a non-structured category scale form 0 to 9 (dislike extremely, like extremely), considering the following atributtes: flavor, acidity, taste, sweetness, viscosity and global impression. Each one of this evaluations have been realized just after the processing of the beverege and 180 days after it for the soft drink and 120 days after, for both orange ade and sherbet. The soft drink had been not affected by the maturation level of the juice, instead of it showed the lowest level of viscosity, opacity, pectin, and the highest levels of pH, Iron content and color, considering all the three beverages, and still has been achieved the best sensory evaluation among the beverages. The orange ade, however has been influenced by the maturation level of the orange juice, with the ones formulated in a brix/acid ratio of 10, achieving the lowest viscosity, but the higest opacity and ascorbic acid content, while the orange ades formulated with the orange juice in a brix/acid ratio of 17, achieveing more orange and bright color and the higest: prolin, ash and mineral content, on the other hand, showing the worst sensory evaluation among the beverges. The sherbet has been influenced by the maturation level, with the ones formulated with orange juice in a brix/acid ratio of 10, achieving highest opacity and ascorbic acid and the sherbets formulated with orange juice in a brix/acid ratio of 17, presenting the highest ash content. Therefore, these sherbets reached out the highest viscosity among the beverages and have been evaluated to an intermediate position between the soft drink and the orange ade, considering the sensory test / Doutorado / Tecnologia de Alimentos / Doutor em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Orientador: Antonio Jose de Almeida Meirelles / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T04:14:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MariaCristinaBevitoriMaffiade_D.pdf: 1030061 bytes, checksum: 09d38b246c110d22aef5053eebddef4c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Doutor em Engenharia de Alimentos

Orientador: Lucia Maria Valente Soares / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T15:48:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_AnaPaula_D.pdf: 595689 bytes, checksum: cda4d7085f5c6db783877dfbe2faa86c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

(A) Gastric Secretion The present study was performed to investigate the canine post-pancreatic duct ligation GIP secretion in response to fat ingestion using a meat meal mixed with unhydrolyzed or hydrolyzed whipping cream, and to determine whether GIP plays a role in the production of hyperacid secretion in the pancreatic duct ligated dogs. Four mongrel female dogs were prepared with Heidenhain pouch (HP) and gastric fistula (GF), and daily acid secretion from the HP was measured before and after pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). HP acid output, serum immunoreactive gastrin (IR-Ga) and serum immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) concentrations during five hours following oral ingestion of a meat meal alone, a meat meal mixed with 125g of unhydrolyzed cream and meat meal mixed with 125g of hydrolyzed cream were measured before and after PDL. Twenty four hour HP acid outputs increased significantly in each of the four dogs after PDL. Five hour HP acid outputs in response to a meat meal alone and a meat meal plus unhydrolyzed cream were modestly increased, while those in response to a meat meal plus hydrolyzed cream were rather reduced after PDL. Serum IR-Ga responses to all stimulants were lowered after PDL and those to meat meal plus hydrolyzed cream lowered most markedly. Serum IR-GIP responses to a meat meal alone were significantly increased, while those to a meat meal plus unhydrolyzed and hydrolyzed cream were reduced. The results of the present study demonstrate serum IR-GIP in response to a meat meal is increased by PDL in dogs, suggesting augmented acid juice passing into the intestinal lumen is responsible for the increased GIP response. It is indicated that hypo-secretion of GIP is not the cause of hypersecretion of gastric acid in the PDL dogs. (B) Glucose Metabolism. Functional alteration in glucose homeostasis especially concerning the early onset of diabetes after PDL was studied in dogs. Intravenous (i.v.) and intragastric glucose tolerance tests were performed at two to ten weeks and two weeks after PDL respectively. Serum glucose, IRI, and IR-GIP in response to a meat meal with and without unhydrolyzed or hydrolyzed fat were estimated at six weeks after PDL. Significantly impaired glucose tolerance and early phase IRI secretion after i.v. glucose were shown at two to ten weeks after PDL. Intragastric glucose load revealed delayed pattern of serum glucose and IRI (no evidence of glucose intolerance or diminished IRI secretion), indicating decreased gastric motility after PDL. Serum IR-GIP response to intragastric glucose load was not attenuated by the operation but showed a similar pattern to IRI response. Serum IRI responses to meat meals with and without unhydrolyzed or hydrolyzed cream were impaired after PDL. It is indicated that dogs after PDL show early onset (two to ten weeks) of diabetes, i.e. blunted early phase insulin secretion, 2 the mechanism of GIP secretion as an insulinotropic enterohormone remains intact after PDL if sufficient stimulants are given. / Surgery, Department of / Medicine, Faculty of / Graduate

Abstract is available in Pediatrics.

Hard cider is an alcoholic drink made from fermented crushed fruit, typically apples. The popularity of this fermented alcoholic beverage has been on the rise within the last decade. Historically, hard cider has been deemed safe due to the presence of ethanol and the low pH. Although there is lack of scientific evidence to prove that hard cider will and can be safe from foodborne pathogens. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes are three predominate foodborne bacterial pathogens of concern in the food and beverage industry. Escherichia coli O157:H7 in particular has been associated with fresh produce and more specifically apples, and apple products such as apple juice. The purpose of this study was to determine the bactericidal effects of pH, ethanol, and malic acid on Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes to evaluate the safety parameters for safe hard cider production and storage. The fate of foodborne pathogens in cider was determined during hard cider fermentation, in a cider model system, and in commercial cider. Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp, and Listeria monocytogenes did not survive a 5-day fermentation period resulting in a > 7 log CFU/mL reduction of each pathogen with no significant change in pH. The final ABV of the cider at the end of the 5-day fermentation was 4.4%. In the cider model system, the lower the pH and higher the ABV the quicker die off was observed, at pH 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, and 3.4 with 7, 8, and 9% ethanol concentration there was a 6.6 log reduction in E. coli O157:H7 population after 1 day. By the 7-day incubation period, no pathogens were detected at all pH and ABV combinations except for at pH 3.6 and 3.8 with 4% ethanol having ≤0.6 log CFU/mL of the population surviving. Similar E. coli O157:H7 inactivation patterns were observed in the model system and in the commercial ciders. The six commercial ciders observed had varying pH, ABV (%), and malic acid concentrations but successfully resulted in a > 6 log CFU/mL reduction in population of E. coli O157:H7 within 4 days of incubation. The ciders with the highest ABV’s, 8.7 and 9.6% observed a > 6 log reduction by 1 day. It was observed that at some point in time pH plays a bigger role in the presence of less ethanol, but it is clear that ethanol and pH work synergistically to kill of pathogens present in cider fermentation, a cider model, and commercial cider.

I denna studie utforskas konceptet juice och dess påverkan på spel. För att utforska denna påverkan läggs fokus på att jämföra spelarens upplevelser och prestation i spel som innehåller juice gentemot spel utan juice. Juice som koncept har en grund i feedback i spel och distinktionen kan upplevas som oklar. Det har i denna studie därför även gjorts ett försök att tydliggöra skillnader mellan juice och feedback. Deltagarna som utförde studien delades in i två grupper där den ena gruppen spelade en version av ett spel med juice och den andra en version av samma spel utan juice. Resultatet visar på liknande data som tidigare studier inom området, att juice kan ha en negativ påverkan på prestation men upplevas som positiv i upplevelsen. Då juice är något som fortfarande är relativt nytt inom vetenskapen är det fortfarande värt att utforska vidare, både inom spel och i ett bredare perspektiv. / <p>Det finns övrigt digitalt material (t.ex. film-, bild- eller ljudfiler) eller modeller/artefakter tillhörande examensarbetet som ska skickas till arkivet.</p>

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