Na fabricação de aço pelo processo de aciaria elétrica há geração de vários tipos de resíduos, dentre estes, as poeiras de aciaria. Este resíduo possui como principais constituintes os elementos Fe, O e Zn, sendo considerado perigoso na maioria dos países. Além destes elementos, a presença do cloro provoca interferência deletéria na maioria dos processos de reciclagem ou incorporação do PAE em outros materiais. Por este motivo, o cloro representa um obstáculo à ampliação das possibilidades de destinação ou reciclagem destas poeiras. Este trabalho propõe uma nova tecnologia hidrometalúrgica para a redução do teor de cloro solúvel das poeiras para teores menores que 0,3% (b.s). Esta técnica..., de modo a possibilitar a aplicação de um processo especialmente desenvolvido de lixiviação aquosa, que evita a necessidade de agitação e equipamentos especiais. O principal objetivo foi reduzir o teor de cloretos das poeiras utilizando uma baixa relação sólido:líquido, em um processo de maior sustentabilidade e menor utilização de energia e recursos hídricos. Nos ensaios foram utilizadas poeiras previamente caracterizadas em seus principais elementos e provenientes de três usinas semi-integradas, cada uma com um perfil produtivo diferente e com teores de cloro médio variando de 2,01 a 5,26% (b.s). Foram testadas duas variantes principais desta nova tecnologia, em temperatura ambiente e a 60°C. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram a possibilidade de redução do teor de cloro solúvel das poeiras acima de 90%, com uma relação sólido:líquido de até 1:0,43. Também foi possível a geração de soluções concentradas de sais que atingiram até 20% em massa de concentração, em temperatura ambiente, sem necessidade de evaporação. A fácil obtenção destas soluções concentradas potencializa a aplicação e o desenvolvimento futuro de novas tecnologias para recuperação dos sais de poeiras de aciaria elétrica, principalmente sais de potássio. O material residual, com teor de cloro reduzido, possui melhor qualidade e aptidão para ser utilizado como matéria-prima em novos ou tradicionais processos de reciclagem e incorporação em outros materiais. / The Electric steelmaking generates several types of wastes, among them the electric arc furnace dust – EAFD. This residue has as main constituents the elements Fe, O and Zn, being considered dangerous in most countries. In addition to these elements, the presence of chlorine causes deleterious interference in most of recycling processes or incorporation in other materials. For this reason, chlorine represents an obstacle to increase the possibilities for disposal or recycling these dusts. This work proposes a new hydrometallurgical technology to reduce the soluble chlorine content of these dusts to lower levels than 0.3 wt% (dry basis). This technique is based on … to enable the application of a specially designed aqueous leaching process, that avoids the need for special equipment and stirring. The main objective is to reduce the chloride content of dusts using a low solid:liquid ratio in a process of greater sustainability and lower use of energy and water resources. In the tests, dusts previously characterized in main elements were used. These dusts come from three semi-integrated plants, each one with a different production profile and average chlorine content ranging from 2.01 to 5.26 wt% (dry basis). Two main variants of this new technology were tested at room temperature and 60°C. The results showed the possibility of reducing soluble chlorine content of dusts at levels above 90%, with solid:liquid ratio up to 1: 0,43. It was also possible to generate concentrated salt solutions, reaching up to 20 wt% concentration of salts, at room temperature, without evaporation. These concentrate solutions are easily obtained and potentialize the application and future development of new technologies for recovery of electric arc furnace dust salts, especially potassium salts. The residual material with low chlorine content, has better quality and suitability for use as raw material in new or traditional recycling processes and incorporation in other materials.

Independentemente do nível de verticalização ou da sua escala de produção, a redução de custos e o aumento de produtividade têm sido os principais focos internos das empresas da indústria do aço. Dois fatores controlam fundamentalmente o custo de produção do aço: o preço e o consumo dos insumos e matérias-primas. O primeiro depende fortemente do poder de barganha da empresa e das condições de mercado e, muitas vezes, não é possível exercer grande controle sobre ele. Sendo assim, é através da diminuição do consumo específico dos insumos e matérias-primas que a empresa pode obter sucesso na sua missão, internamente, de maximizar seu lucro. Em aciarias elétricas, o consumo dos insumos tem impacto importante na composição do custo final do aço, dos quais se destaca o consumo de energéticos utilizados no forno elétrico a arco, que pode representar até 30% do custo operacional desse tipo de aciaria. Para quantificar o aporte desses diferentes tipos de energia no forno, normalmente é utilizado o indicador de consumo de energia total, que utiliza o poder calorífico de cada tipo de energético na transformação para a unidade de kWh/t. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o impacto na eficiência energética do forno, medida através do consumo de energia total, da redução da vazão de gás natural nos modos lança e da modificação da proporção entre oxigênio e gás natural (O2/GN) em um dos modos queimador do sistema de injeção de um forno elétrico a arco. Para tanto, foi realizado um teste estatístico dividido em quatro cenários no formato de projeto de experimentos (DOE). O cenário em que as modificações no modo queimador e nos modos lança foram aplicadas conjuntamente apresentou a maior redução no consumo de energia total (2,50%), impulsionada principalmente pelas reduções no consumo de gás natural (16,94%) e no consumo de energia elétrica de forno e forno-panela (-1,90%). Através da análise do carbono de vazamento de todas as corridas não foi possível afirmar que os ganhos em consumo de energia elétrica foram provenientes de uma maior oxidação de ferro da carga nas corridas. / Companies have been extensively focusing on cost reduction and productivity optimization in the last few years, independently of their levels of production or verticalization. The cost of production is basically controlled by two factors: the price and the consumption of raw and input materials. The price depends on the current conditions of the market and the capacity of the company to deal with its suppliers about the price to be paid. Due to that, it is very difficult to control this factor and for this reason, through the reduction in raw material and inputs consumption that companies can achieve their mission of becoming more profitable. In electric steelmaking, consumption of inputs plays an important role on the final billet cost, with particular emphasis to the energy consumption in the electric arc furnace, which can represent up to 30% of the operational cost in a melt shop. To quantify the contribution of different types of energy in the furnace, it is used the performance indicator of total energy consumption, which associates the heat of combustion of each type of energetic in order to use the unit kWh/t. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on the energy efficiency of the furnace, measured by the total energy consumption, reducing the flow of natural gas in lance modes and modifying the ratio between oxygen and natural gas (O2/NG) in one of the burner modes of the injection system in an electric arc furnace. Thus, a statistical test divided into four scenarios in the format of design of experiments (DOE) was conducted. The scenario in which the burner mode and lance mode modifications were applied together resulted in the greatest reduction in total energy (2,50%), driven especially by reductions in natural gas consumption (16,94%) and electrical energy consumption of furnace and ladle furnace (1,90%). Through the analysis of tapping carbon of all heats it was not possible to assert that gains in electrical energy were due to a higher oxidation of iron contained in the blend charged.

Independentemente do nível de verticalização ou da sua escala de produção, a redução de custos e o aumento de produtividade têm sido os principais focos internos das empresas da indústria do aço. Dois fatores controlam fundamentalmente o custo de produção do aço: o preço e o consumo dos insumos e matérias-primas. O primeiro depende fortemente do poder de barganha da empresa e das condições de mercado e, muitas vezes, não é possível exercer grande controle sobre ele. Sendo assim, é através da diminuição do consumo específico dos insumos e matérias-primas que a empresa pode obter sucesso na sua missão, internamente, de maximizar seu lucro. Em aciarias elétricas, o consumo dos insumos tem impacto importante na composição do custo final do aço, dos quais se destaca o consumo de energéticos utilizados no forno elétrico a arco, que pode representar até 30% do custo operacional desse tipo de aciaria. Para quantificar o aporte desses diferentes tipos de energia no forno, normalmente é utilizado o indicador de consumo de energia total, que utiliza o poder calorífico de cada tipo de energético na transformação para a unidade de kWh/t. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o impacto na eficiência energética do forno, medida através do consumo de energia total, da redução da vazão de gás natural nos modos lança e da modificação da proporção entre oxigênio e gás natural (O2/GN) em um dos modos queimador do sistema de injeção de um forno elétrico a arco. Para tanto, foi realizado um teste estatístico dividido em quatro cenários no formato de projeto de experimentos (DOE). O cenário em que as modificações no modo queimador e nos modos lança foram aplicadas conjuntamente apresentou a maior redução no consumo de energia total (2,50%), impulsionada principalmente pelas reduções no consumo de gás natural (16,94%) e no consumo de energia elétrica de forno e forno-panela (-1,90%). Através da análise do carbono de vazamento de todas as corridas não foi possível afirmar que os ganhos em consumo de energia elétrica foram provenientes de uma maior oxidação de ferro da carga nas corridas. / Companies have been extensively focusing on cost reduction and productivity optimization in the last few years, independently of their levels of production or verticalization. The cost of production is basically controlled by two factors: the price and the consumption of raw and input materials. The price depends on the current conditions of the market and the capacity of the company to deal with its suppliers about the price to be paid. Due to that, it is very difficult to control this factor and for this reason, through the reduction in raw material and inputs consumption that companies can achieve their mission of becoming more profitable. In electric steelmaking, consumption of inputs plays an important role on the final billet cost, with particular emphasis to the energy consumption in the electric arc furnace, which can represent up to 30% of the operational cost in a melt shop. To quantify the contribution of different types of energy in the furnace, it is used the performance indicator of total energy consumption, which associates the heat of combustion of each type of energetic in order to use the unit kWh/t. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on the energy efficiency of the furnace, measured by the total energy consumption, reducing the flow of natural gas in lance modes and modifying the ratio between oxygen and natural gas (O2/NG) in one of the burner modes of the injection system in an electric arc furnace. Thus, a statistical test divided into four scenarios in the format of design of experiments (DOE) was conducted. The scenario in which the burner mode and lance mode modifications were applied together resulted in the greatest reduction in total energy (2,50%), driven especially by reductions in natural gas consumption (16,94%) and electrical energy consumption of furnace and ladle furnace (1,90%). Through the analysis of tapping carbon of all heats it was not possible to assert that gains in electrical energy were due to a higher oxidation of iron contained in the blend charged.

Argon oxygen decarburization slag (AOD) was tested in batch and column experiments to investigate its phosphorus (P) removal performance. The effects of factors such as AOD dose, initial P concentration of the feeding solution, and aging on the P removal ability of the slags were analyzed. In a column experiment, electric arc furnace slag (EAF), blast furnace slag (BFS) and AOD were combined in five different ways to determine optimal conditions for P removal. In another column experiment, the three types of slag were modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaOH to adjust their dissolution properties and the effect on P removal performance was examined. In the batch experiments, AOD exhibited very promising P removal ability. It removed 94.8% of P from 6.5 mg P L-1 synthetic solution in 4 hours with a dose of 5 g L-1. Maximum P removal capacity of 27.5 mg P g-1 was achieved. In the dual-filter column experiment, the column packed with only EAF had the best P removal performance (consistently above 93%). Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) was identified as the main P species in the five slag samples collected from the outlet chambers. The contributions from crystalline calcium phosphate (Ca-P) and P adsorbed on iron/aluminum (hydr)oxides were greater in samples from the inlet chambers. The P speciation results revealed that P was predominantly removed by the slags through formation of ACP. The second column experiment showed that modification with PEG and NaOH solution only enhanced short-term P removal by the slags. However, exhaustion of the modified slags occurred much earlier, indicating that the modification process had shortened the lifespan of the slags. Untreated AOD showed better P removal than untreated EAF until pore volume 244, probably due to faster dissolution rate of gamma dicalcium silicate (dominating in AOD according to the XRD results) than of beta dicalcium silicate (dominating in EAF). / <p>QC 20170830</p>

Data mining, and in particular topological data analysis (TDA), had proven to be successful inabstracting insights from big arrays of data. This thesis utilizes the TDA software AyasdiTM inorder to improve the accuracy of the energy model of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF), pinpointingthe causes of a wrong calculation of the steel temperature. Almost 50% of the charges analyzedpresented an underestimation of temperature, while under 30% an overestimation.First a dataset was created by filtering the data obtained by the company. After an initialscreening, around 700 charges built the dataset, each one characterized by 104 parameters. Thedataset was subsequently used to create a topological network through the TDA software. Bycomparing the distribution of each parameter with the distribution of the wrong temperatureestimation, it was possible to identify which parameters provided a biased trend. In particular, itwas found that an overestimation of temperature was caused by an underestimation of themelting energy of materials not having through a melting test. It was also found a possible biasedtrend in some distribution of parameters like %O in steel and slag weight, which it is believedare all connected together. Despite not finding a global solution for the reasons behind theunderestimation of temperature, it is believed that a different settings more focused around thematerials used as scrap mix can highlight more on that subject. In conclusion TDA proved itselfefficient as a problem solving technique in the steel industry.

Steel is one of the most essential metals in the world, and it plays a vital role in various industries. The growing demand for steel has resulted in increased CO2 emissions, with the steel industry contributing to approximately 7% of global emissions of carbon dioxide. Among the different production methods, the electric arc furnace (EAF) has emerged as a promising option, and its market share is expected to double in the future. While the EAF exhibits high efficiency and a reduced carbon footprint in comparison to alternative production routes, there is still considerable room for improvement. In the EAF, a significant amount of input energy, ranging from 15% to 30%, is wasted through off-gas, along with a substantial amount of CO2. To better understand the current state and ongoing research in off-gas handling, a literature review and a preliminary analysis were conducted which revealed that the waste heat from the off-gas can be effectively recovered using an evaporative cooling system, yielding approximately 105 kg of steam per ton of liquid steel. This emphasizes the importance of waste heat recovery in conjunction with CO2 capture. Calcium looping stands out as a promising carbon capture technology among the available options, primarily because of its lower environmental impacts and energy penalty. Furthermore, with its operation at elevated temperatures and dependence on limestone, calcium looping presents a potential solution to reduce the emissions from steel industry. Therefore, this study focuses on the analysis of a waste heat recovery system integrated with calcium looping technology, aiming to capture CO2 and utilize waste heat from the EAF off-gas. Additionally, the potential of coal substitution with bio-coal in the EAF for achieving negative emissions is also investigated. Through a steady state analysis and by employing semi-empirical mass and energy balance equations, it was determined that capturing 90% of the CO2 emissions from a 145-ton EAF requires 12 MW of heat and 16 kg of fresh limestone per ton of liquid steel. Although the average off-gas temperature is high, it cannot be considered as a reliable heat source. Therefore, the heat demand is met by burning biomass inside the calciner. Despite the increased heat demand, the waste heat recovery system integrated with calcium looping has the potential to generate approximately 11 MW of electricity using a supercritical steam cycle. This significant output can be attributed to the elevated temperature of the off-gas and the exothermic carbonation process. The economic analysis reveals that the levelized cost for capturing and storing CO2 is 1165 SEK per ton of CO2 with a negative Net Present Value (NPV). It was noted that, a higher carbon tax could significantly enhance the economic viability of the system. Moreover, the study found that by introducing bio-coal in the EAF with a fossil coal share below 69%, it has the potential to achieve negative emissions. Furthermore, recent studies have shown an increase in the CO2 content in the off-gas when introducing bio-coal into the EAF which further enhances the efficiency and economic feasibility of carbon capture. / Stål är en av de viktigaske metallerna i världen, och det spelar en avgörande roll i olika branscher. Den ökade efterfrågan på stål har lett till ökade koldikoxidutsläpp, och stålindustrin står för cirka 7% av de globala koldioxidutsläppen. Bland de olika produktionsmetoderna har ljusbågsugnen (EAF) framstått som ett lovande alternativ, och dess marknadsandel förväntas fördubblas i framtiden. Även om EAF uppvisar hög effektivitet och ett minskat koldioxidavtryck jämfört med alternativa produktionsvägar, finns det fortfarande stort utrymme för förbättringar.  I EAF går en betydande mängd tillförd energi, mellan 15 och 30%, till spillo genom avgaserna, tillsammans med en betydande mängd CO2. För att bättre förstå det aktuella läget och pågående forskning inom hantering av avgaserna genomfördes en litteraturstudie och en preliminär analys som visade att spillvärmen från avgaserna effektivt kan återvinnas med hjälp av ett evaporativt kylsystem, vilket ger cirka 105kg ånga per ton flytande stål. Dettta understryker vikten av att återvinna spillvärme i samband med CO2-avskiljning.  Kalciumlooping framstår som en lovande teknik för koldioxidavskiljning bland de tillgängliga alternativen, främst på grund av dess lägre miljöpåverkan och energiåtgång. Eftersom kalciumlooping används vid förhöjda temperaturer och är beroende av kalksten, utgör den dessutom en potentiell lösning för att minska utsläppen från stålindustrin. Därför fokuserar denna studie på analysen av ett system för återvinning av spillvärme integrerat med kalciumlooping-teknik, i syfte att fånga in CO2 och utnyttja spillvärme från EAF-avgaserna. Dessutom undersöks potentialen för att ersätta kol med biokol i EAF för att uppnå negativa utsläpp.  Genom en steady state-analys och med hjälp av semi-empiriska mass- och energibalansekvationer fastställdes att det krävs 12 MW värme och 16 kg färsk kalksten per ton flytande stål för att fånga 90% av CO2-utsläppen från en 145-tons EAF. Även om den genomsnittliga avgastemperaturen är hög kan den inte betraktas som en tillförlitlig värmekälla. Därför tillgodoses värmebehovet genom förbränning av biomassa i kalcinatorn. Trots det ökade värmebehovet har systemet för återvinning av spillvärme integrerat med kalciumlooping potential att generera cirka 11 MW el med hjälp av en superkritisk ångcykel. Denna betydande produktion kan hänföras till den förhöjda temperaturen i avgaserna och den exoterna karbonatiseringsprocessen. Den ekonomiska analysen visar att den nivellerade kostnaden för avskiljning och lagring av CO2 är 1165 SEK per ton CO2 med ett negativt nettonuvärde (NPV). Det konstaterades att en högre koldioxidskatt skulle kunna förbättra systemets ekonomiska lönsamhet avsevärt. Dessutom visade studien att genom att introducera biokol i EAF med en andel fossilt kol under 69%, har det potential att uppnå negativa utsläpp. Nya studier har dessutom visat en ökning av koldioxidhalten i avgaserna när biokol införs i EAF, vilket ytterligare förbättrar effektiviteten och den ekonomiska genomförbarheten för koldioxidavskiljning.

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) modeling has been a common research area to date. This thesis work proposes a new field-data based EAF-specific model. The data used in developing the proposed model is obtained from field measurements of instantaneous voltages and currents of EAF the plants. This model presents the dynamic behavior of the EAF system including all its parts, which are the EAF transformer, the secondary circuit, the electrodes moving and the arc itself. It consists of a cascade connected variable-resistance and &ndash / inductance combination to represent the variation in time of the fundamental frequency, and a current source in parallel with it to inject the harmonics and interharmonics content of the EAF current. The proposed model is capable of representing both AC and DC EAFs, whose controllers&rsquo / set points are the impedance values seen from the low voltage (LV) side of the EAF transformer. The validity of the proposed model has been verified by comparing EMTDC/PSCAD simulations of the model with the field measurements. The results obtained have shown quite satisfactory correlation between the behavior of the proposed model and v the actual EAF operation. To show the advantages of the model while developing FACTS solutions for power quality (PQ) problem mitigation of a given busbar supplying single- or multi-EAF installations, various applications are presented.

Abstract The main cause of temperature and composition fluctuations in the electric arc furnace (EAF) process is the scrap used as a raw material. Process conditions in EAF can vary significantly from heat to heat because there is no accurate information of scrap composition. Due to harsh process conditions, there are currently few sensors available for direct on-line measurement of the EAF process. In this work new information about stainless steelmaking EAF process conditions is sought with optical emission spectrum measurement. The measurement system relies on transportation of the light emitted from the measured furnace to a remotely situated spectrometer. Analysing the slag composition from the arc emission spectrum was tested in the laboratory and on a pilot scale. The laboratory measurements indicate that changes in the amount of CrOx and MnO in the slag have the highest impact on optical emission spectra. The pilot scale measurements show that the Cr2O3 content of the slag can be measured from the arc emission spectrum using suitable reference lines with an average absolute error of 0.62 %-points and a standard deviation of 0.49 %-points. The results from measurements at Outokumpu Stainless Oy, Tornio Works, indicate that measurement of the optical emission spectrum from industrial EAF is feasible in a practical sense, and can be used in analysing of EAF atmosphere, scrap melting and slag surface. Furthermore, the results of industrial measurements indicate that the atoms in the arc plasma mainly originate from the slag. The measurement of scrap melting could be potentially used in EAF control in optimization of arc voltages and second scrap bucket charging. The potential use of slag CrOx measurements is in optimization of reductant additions as well as defining the further processing of EAF slag. / Tiivistelmä Valokaariuunien ohjaus on perinteisesti ollut uunioperaattorin käsissä. Valokaaariuuniprosessin on-line mittaukseen on olevassa vähän menetelmiä johtuen uunin hyvin haastavaista olosuhteista. Tässä työssä on tutkittu optiseen emissiospektroskopiaan perustuvaa menetelmää uuden jatkuva-aikaisen tiedon tuottamisessa valokaariuuniprosessista. Mittausjärjestelmä perustuu valon keräämiseen mitattavasta uunista valokuidun avulla, joka johtaa valon analysoitavaksi etäälle prosessista sijoitettuun spektrometriin. Mittauksia suoritettiin laboratorio-, pilot- ja tehdas-mittakaavassa. Valokaariuunin kuonan koostumuksen analysointia testattiin laboratorio- ja pilot-mittakaavan uuneilla. Laboratoriomittaukset osoittivat että kuonan komponenteista CrOx ja MnO ja vaikuttavat eniten mitattuun emissiospektriin. Pilot-mittakaavan kokeissa havaittiin, että kuonan Cr2O3-pitoisuutta voidaan mitata valokaaren emissiospektristä 0,62 %-yksikön keskimääräisellä absoluuttisella virheellä ja 0,49 %-yksikkön hajonnalla. Teollisella valokaariuunilla suoritetuista mittauksista havaittiin että optisen emissiospektrin mittaus voidaan suorittaa ilman ylitsepääsemättömiä teknisiä esteitä. Mittauksen tuloksia voidaan puolestaan käyttää kaasufaasin reaktioiden, romun sulamisen ja kuonapinnan ominaisuuksien arvioinnissa. Valokaaren emissiospektrin analyysi osoitti, että valokaaren plasman komponentit ovat pääosin peräisin kuonasta, joka mahdollistaa kuonan koostumuksen arvioinnin valokaaren emissiospektrin perusteella. Romun sulamisen mittausta voidaan prosessinohjauksessa käyttää jänniteportaiden ja toisen korin panostuksen optimointiin. Kuonan kromipitoisuuden mittaamista voidaan puolestaan käyttää pelkistinaineiden lisäyksen optimointiin ja kuonan jatkokäsittelyn valintaan.

The landfilling of slag obtained from the high alloyed Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) steel making process, constitutes an environmental treat for society as well as an economical problem for the companies producing it, due to the costs related to waste management practices. Conventional methods of slag recycling are abundantly used among the steelmaking business, but due to their particular physical properties, high- alloyed EAF slags cannot be properly valorized. Moreover, the pickling process that high-alloyed EAF steels undergo to, generates acidic wastewaters, that need to be collected and neutralized, before they can be recirculated into the natural water streams. For such a task, steel mills currently utilize slaked lime (a Ca rich mineral) to raise the pH and to remove any metal particles dissolved into the wastewaters. Slag contains high amount of Ca; therefore, it has already been tested as a slaked lime replacement. In fact, previous studies conducted at the Material Science and Engineering department at KTH Royal Institute of Technology showed, on a laboratory scale, that slag has the potential to replace lime for the neutralization and purification of the acidic wastewaters. This Master’s thesis project aims at upscaling the volumes of wastewaters to be tested, about 70 to 90 folds of the one from previous research, bridging the gap between laboratory tests and the industrial scale. The thesis is divided into three tranches, a first part where a water-salt solution conductivity trials were carried out, to model the behavior or slag dispersion in the acidic wastewaters. After the results obtained from the conductivity trials, neutralization trials with slag and the lime product currently in use by the company, were carried out at the neutralization plant in Outokumpu Stainless, Avesta (Sweden). The neutralization trials were carried out with 70 and 90 liters of acidic wastewaters and in order to perform the trials on site, the slag sample was dried and later sieved to a particle size of less than 350μm. Moreover, data was analyzed and compared to previous studies in order to have a clearer understanding regarding the neutralization efficiency of the slag, especially whether or not the technology would had worked on upscaled volumes. Additionally, the project checked if it was possible to find a generalized relationship between the mass of slag and volume of wastewaters required for the neutralization process. Slag demonstrated to be able to buffer the pH to the target values of 9, while also showing an almost linear trend compared to previous studies. The reaction progress between slag, lime, and the acidic wastewaters was also analyzed. / Deponering av slagg som erhållits från den höglegerade ljusbågsugn (EAF) stålframställningsprocessen utgör en miljömässig behandling för samhället och ettekonomiskt problem för de företag som producerar den på grund av kostnaderna för avfallshantering. Konventionella metoder för återvinning av slagg används i storutsträckning bland stålindustrin, men på grund av deras speciella fysiska egenskaper kan höglegerade EAF-slaggen inte värderas ordentligt. Dessutom produceras sura avloppsvatten av betningsprocessen som höglegerade EAF-stål genomgår som sedan måste samlas in och neutraliseras innan de kan återcirkuleras i det naturliga vattnet. För en sådan uppgift använder stålfabriker för närvarande släckt kalk (ett Ca-rikt mineral) för att höja pH-värdet och för att avlägsna alla metallpartiklar som löses upp i avloppsvattnet. Slaggen innehåller hög mängd Ca och därför har den testats som en ersättning till släckt kalk. Tidigare studier utförda vid avdelningen materialvetenskap och teknik vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskola visade på laboratorieskala att slagg har potential att ersätta kalk för neutralisering och rening av sura avloppsvatten. Detta examensarbete syftar till att skala upp volymerna av avloppsvattnet som ska testas till cirka 70–90 gånger av den från tidigare forskning, och därav fylla ut bryggan mellan laboratorietester och industriell skala. Avhandlingen är uppdelad i tre delar, Första delen innehåller försök på ledningsförmåga i en vatten-saltlösning som genomfördes för att modellera beteende eller slaggspridning i sura avloppsvatten. Efter de resultat som erhållits från konduktivitetsmätningarna genomfördes neutraliseringsförsök med slagg och kalk som för närvarande används av företaget vid neutraliseringsanläggningen i Outokumpu Stainless, Avesta (Sverige). Neutraliseringsförsöken genomfördes med 70 och 90 liter sura avloppsvatten och för att utföra experimenten på plats torkades slagg provet och siktades senare till en partikelstorlek på mindre än 350 μm. Dessutom analyserades data och jämfördes med tidigare studier för att få en tydligare förståelse för slaggens neutraliseringseffektivitet, särskilt huruvida tekniken skulle ha fungerat på större volymer, och även om det också var möjligt att hitta ett generaliserat samband mellan mängden slagg och volym avloppsvatten som krävs för neutraliseringsprocessen. Slagget visade sig kunna buffra pH till målvärdena 9, samtidigt som den visade en nästan linjär trend jämfört med tidigare studier. Reaktionsförloppet mellan slaggkalk och de sura avloppsvattnen analyserades också.

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