M.A. (Social Work) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Program Management from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009." / Advisor(s): Petross, Diana ; Naegle, Brad. "December 2009." "Joint applied project"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: N/a Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-47). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 101-104.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Köln, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [413]-427).

Thesis advisor: Matthew Rutledge / This paper explores the relationship between social security wealth (SSW) and the decision to retire early in five countries: the United States, Germany, Denmark, Poland, and Australia. Individual probit regressions are used to analyze the impact of SSW on early retirement in each specific country. Next, a cross-country probit model including the United States, Germany, and Denmark is estimated to highlight the same relationship in three very different social insurance schemes. Finally, a counterfactual experiment is run in order to examine the impact of a 6.67 percent benefit cut on the likelihood of early retirement. This paper finds that SSW is associated with a greater likelihood of early retirement in the United States, Poland, and Denmark. However, these results are only statistically significant in the United States and Poland. Conversely, the relationship is statistically significant and negative in Australia, and statistically insignificant and negative in Germany. The counterfactual experiment reinforces these findings, demonstrating a particularly high responsiveness of a benefit cut in Denmark and Poland relative to the other countries. The results of the cross-country model finds that SSW has the largest positive effect on early retirement in the United States, followed by Germany, and finally Denmark. However, these contradictory results are not statistically significant. This paper presents interesting policy implications to consider in the United States. The statistically significant but small effect of SSW on early retirement in the United States indicates that policies aimed at reducing benefits as a means of decreasing the likelihood of early retirement may not be the most effective. Additionally, the creation of a system similar to Australia’s low-cost superannuation may be worth investigating, as superannuation benefits appear to have a similar negative impact on early retirement as pension benefits in the United States. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2017. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Economics.

The human resources are the enterprise sharp weapons to make a profit with continue sustainable development. Generally speaking of business management, the excessively high turnover will drain the enterprise of its experienced labor force; will increase the expense of recruitment and training; will cause the staff that remain in office despondency, even can create the insufficient manpower phenomenon. But speaking of the Taiwan area large-scale traditional industry and the state-run enterprise units, the common ground is the turnover is excessively low, the organizational manpower structure gets older day by day, also its average age mostly surpasses above 40 years old. On the empirical verification, this study research by aims at the large-scale institution, attempts to understand senior staff's all kinds of working situation, including job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and others construction surface, and probed the correlation among. Furthermore, this study to be aimed at individual characteristic and self report items probing into the influence of intention to early retirement and acceptances early retirement incentives, whether has reveals the significant difference or not? So as to aim at the reasons of the influence senior staff retires and acceptances of early retirement incentives as the further research. This study shows some results as follows¡GThe senior staff in the case company (1) Revealing the remarkable of correlation among the job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. (2) Revealing the remarkable influence between early retirement and job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, as well as some self report items. (3) Revealing the remarkable of difference between parts of the individual variables to job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment to intention to early retirement as well as acceptances of early retirement incentives and so on.

本研究旨在瞭解影響公務人員提早退休之因素，以文獻分析及文卷調查的方式進行。經文獻檢閱後，將影響個人退休之因素分為體制與個人兩個層次，探討體制層次的公務人員退休政策現況與變革，及個人層次的健康、工作、財務及人口變項等面向之因素對提早退休意願之影響。問卷調查部分，以40歲以上之現職人員為研究對象，共發放2000份問卷，回收率70.75％，針對1415份有效問卷，以描述統計、卡方檢定、點二系列相關分析及logit model等統計方法加以分析。 研究發現，在整體考量下，影響現職人員提早退休意願的因素有年齡、性別、擇領退休金的種類、對政府財政惡化可能影響退休權益的觀感，以及對組織精簡優惠退休方案的接受程度。 最後，總結研究發現，並就各因素之影響與否進行討論，再就行政的政策功能、財政的退休經費負擔及政治的組織精簡優退方案實施等觀點綜合討論我國公務人員提早退休現象的影響，並檢視現行退休法制的改革方向後，提出研究建議。

The main objective of this thesis is to analyse if and to what extent changes in the labour market can be regarded as a factor influencing the risk of becoming a disabil­ity pensioner. Disability pension is a social security program operating in the nexus of work and welfare and is provided to people who, due to medical reasons, are limited in their work ability. The data material analysed consists of information about all individuals who received disability pension in 1988 (54 000) and 1993 (62 000) in Sweden. Samples fremi the non-pensioner population formed control- groups. The data collected covers mainly social and occupational background of the individuals. The first step in the analyses addressed the question of causes of disability pen­sion in general. This part showed that the causes must be seen in a multifactorial perspective. Individual, structural and institutional factors have significant impact on the relative risk of becoming a disability pensioner. An increased relative risk was associated with low educational background, immigration and broken marriages. However, the variables that had the strongest effect were age, health and position in the labour market i.e. social class and occupation. It became obvious that one im­portant mechanism explaining the impact of occupation was exposition of work environment conditions. The second step in the analyses focused on labour market change as a risk-factor. The results showed a negative correlation between employment change rates and disability pension. Individuals in occupations and industries with decreasing num­ber of emplyoees had an increased relative risk. It became clear that especially un­skilled workers and employees with a peripheral position were affected by this factor. This was especially true for women. The female labour market is to a large extent dependent on the public service sector and the reductions within this sector have resulted in an increased frequency of disability pensioning. To conclude, the study has shown that disability pension in Sweden is deeply embedded in the labour market and the occupational structure in Sweden. This can be explained both as a consequence of characteristics that accompany certain posi­tions at the labour market and as an effect of how the labour market develops. / digitalisering@umu

Manger usually thinks about the cost saving of manpower during the organizational reengineering and downsizing. The first step of the downsizing is to encourage the older employee joining the early retirement program. From the prospect of those employees, they usually think about their own benefit and eager to guarantee themselves. Early retirement program seems to be the bridge to connect with both sides. Manager with the economical concern, the reaction and organizational behavior of continued work is more important to affect the performance of organization. The research is focus on the early retirement of Chungwa Telecom Co., Ltd. And discuss about how the program affect the organizational behavior of continued worker. We try to provide a reference resource to the company especially when they are during organization reengineering. This research was using questionnaire and quantities method to do it. The main found: 1. Because they are public servant, date shows that intension to quit of the employees is quite low. In 43-54 year-old employees the longer tenure employees have higher intension to quit than shorter tenure employees. 2. In the continued worker, female¡¦s Job satisfaction and work pressure are higher then male. 3. When we discuss about intension to quit, the effect of organizational commitment is more important then job satisfaction.