Thesis (doctoral)--Universität zu Köln, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-126).

M.A. (Social Work) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

A problemática concernente aos efeitos da aposentadoria por invalidez no contrato de trabalho constitui tema de extrema importância prática e científica, de grande aplicabilidade no Direito do Trabalho, repercutindo diretamente nas relações daí decorrentes, cuja análise demanda investigar o regramento jurídico pátrio, voltado especificamente à sua interpretação sistemática e teleológica. Do ponto de vista legal trabalhista, toda a celeuma decorre da previsão contida no artigo 475 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, que estabelece que o empregado aposentado por invalidez terá o seu contrato de trabalho suspenso durante o prazo fixado pelas leis da Previdência Social para a efetivação do benefício. À luz do Direito Previdenciário, a aposentadoria por invalidez nunca é definitiva, pois o trabalhador pode recuperar sua capacidade laborativa em razão dos inquestionáveis e crescentes avanços da medicina, inovações terapêuticas e tecnológicas, bem como do sucesso das técnicas de reabilitação profissional, podendo ser cancelada a qualquer momento. Desse modo, defende-se majoritariamente que, em face da transitoriedade do benefício, o contrato de trabalho estaria suspenso indefinidamente. No entanto, é preciso sopesar, com racionalidade e clareza, os efeitos perversos advindos dessa concepção tradicional, do ponto de vista da relação triangular envolvida empregado aposentado, empregador e empregado substituto contratado no lugar do aposentado para, em uma visão crítica e contemporânea, aferir se há real equilíbrio entre os princípios da segurança jurídica, da dignidade da pessoa humana, do valor social do trabalho e da livre iniciativa privada. Por outro lado, revela-se imprescindível perquirir se a interpretação tradicional e simplista, relativa à suspensão eterna do contrato de trabalho, de fato, encontra supedâneo na legislação previdenciária em vigor, na medida em que há disposição expressa, assegurando o direito ao retorno à função tão somente em caso de recuperação total da incapacidade ocorrida dentro do prazo de cinco anos. Para as demais hipóteses (recuperação parcial, recuperação para trabalho diverso do habitualmente exercido e recuperação posterior ao interregno de cinco anos), não há previsão de retorno à função, mas exclusivamente a redução gradual do pagamento do benefício, com vistas à recolocação do trabalhador no mercado de trabalho. Desse modo, em última análise, é imperioso estudar se o parâmetro protetivo que se propaga e hodiernamente se aplica, de forma majoritária no âmbito brasileiro, realmente possui espeque na lei pertinente e se atende à finalidade para o qual é dirigido, além de buscar uma solução inovadora, justa e digna, eliminando ou, pelo menos, minimizando os conflitos trabalhistas acerca da temática. / The effects of disability retirement on employment relationships present problems of both a practical and legal nature, and call for a systematic and logical interpretation of the rules of labor and employment law. The problems stem from article 475 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, which provides that an employee who retires due to disability will have his or her employment contract suspended for the period of time fixed under social security laws for the disability retirement benefit to become effective. Under social security law, disability retirement is never permanent, since the constant advances in medical science, new therapies and technologies, and occupational rehabilitation techniques can allow disabled workers to recover their capacity to work, with the result that their disability benefit will be cancelled. Consequently, a majority of Brazils labor law scholars and courts take the position that the suspension of the disabled workers employment contract is indefinite, in view of the impermanent nature of the disability retirement benefit. This traditional interpretation, however, has undesirable effects on the triangular relationship created by a disability retirement: the retired employee, the employer, and the employee hired to replace the disabled worker. A critical examination of these deleterious effects is necessary to determine if the traditional interpretation of the law establishes, in todays society, a fair balance among the principles of legal certainty, the dignity of the human person, the social value of work, and private enterprise. There is also the question of whether the traditional, simplistic, view that disability retirement brings about an eternal suspension of the retirees employment contract is supported by the social security legislation. The legislation expressly provides that disabled retirees are entitled to return to their employment only if they recover completely from their disability within five years. In all other cases (partial recovery, or rehabilitation for a type of work other than the work performed prior to the disability), the legislation does not guarantee a return to the retirees former employment, but instead provides for a gradual reduction in the disability benefit to encourage the worker to return to the active workforce. This study investigates the question of whether the protectionist interpretation of the law that currently prevails in Brazil is effectively supported by the legislation and serves the interests of both society and the individual, and searches for a new, fairer solution that could eliminate, or at least minimize, the conflicts and disputes caused by disability retirement.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Fam.Med)-University of Natal, Durban, 1994.

A problemática concernente aos efeitos da aposentadoria por invalidez no contrato de trabalho constitui tema de extrema importância prática e científica, de grande aplicabilidade no Direito do Trabalho, repercutindo diretamente nas relações daí decorrentes, cuja análise demanda investigar o regramento jurídico pátrio, voltado especificamente à sua interpretação sistemática e teleológica. Do ponto de vista legal trabalhista, toda a celeuma decorre da previsão contida no artigo 475 da Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho, que estabelece que o empregado aposentado por invalidez terá o seu contrato de trabalho suspenso durante o prazo fixado pelas leis da Previdência Social para a efetivação do benefício. À luz do Direito Previdenciário, a aposentadoria por invalidez nunca é definitiva, pois o trabalhador pode recuperar sua capacidade laborativa em razão dos inquestionáveis e crescentes avanços da medicina, inovações terapêuticas e tecnológicas, bem como do sucesso das técnicas de reabilitação profissional, podendo ser cancelada a qualquer momento. Desse modo, defende-se majoritariamente que, em face da transitoriedade do benefício, o contrato de trabalho estaria suspenso indefinidamente. No entanto, é preciso sopesar, com racionalidade e clareza, os efeitos perversos advindos dessa concepção tradicional, do ponto de vista da relação triangular envolvida empregado aposentado, empregador e empregado substituto contratado no lugar do aposentado para, em uma visão crítica e contemporânea, aferir se há real equilíbrio entre os princípios da segurança jurídica, da dignidade da pessoa humana, do valor social do trabalho e da livre iniciativa privada. Por outro lado, revela-se imprescindível perquirir se a interpretação tradicional e simplista, relativa à suspensão eterna do contrato de trabalho, de fato, encontra supedâneo na legislação previdenciária em vigor, na medida em que há disposição expressa, assegurando o direito ao retorno à função tão somente em caso de recuperação total da incapacidade ocorrida dentro do prazo de cinco anos. Para as demais hipóteses (recuperação parcial, recuperação para trabalho diverso do habitualmente exercido e recuperação posterior ao interregno de cinco anos), não há previsão de retorno à função, mas exclusivamente a redução gradual do pagamento do benefício, com vistas à recolocação do trabalhador no mercado de trabalho. Desse modo, em última análise, é imperioso estudar se o parâmetro protetivo que se propaga e hodiernamente se aplica, de forma majoritária no âmbito brasileiro, realmente possui espeque na lei pertinente e se atende à finalidade para o qual é dirigido, além de buscar uma solução inovadora, justa e digna, eliminando ou, pelo menos, minimizando os conflitos trabalhistas acerca da temática. / The effects of disability retirement on employment relationships present problems of both a practical and legal nature, and call for a systematic and logical interpretation of the rules of labor and employment law. The problems stem from article 475 of the Consolidation of Labor Laws, which provides that an employee who retires due to disability will have his or her employment contract suspended for the period of time fixed under social security laws for the disability retirement benefit to become effective. Under social security law, disability retirement is never permanent, since the constant advances in medical science, new therapies and technologies, and occupational rehabilitation techniques can allow disabled workers to recover their capacity to work, with the result that their disability benefit will be cancelled. Consequently, a majority of Brazils labor law scholars and courts take the position that the suspension of the disabled workers employment contract is indefinite, in view of the impermanent nature of the disability retirement benefit. This traditional interpretation, however, has undesirable effects on the triangular relationship created by a disability retirement: the retired employee, the employer, and the employee hired to replace the disabled worker. A critical examination of these deleterious effects is necessary to determine if the traditional interpretation of the law establishes, in todays society, a fair balance among the principles of legal certainty, the dignity of the human person, the social value of work, and private enterprise. There is also the question of whether the traditional, simplistic, view that disability retirement brings about an eternal suspension of the retirees employment contract is supported by the social security legislation. The legislation expressly provides that disabled retirees are entitled to return to their employment only if they recover completely from their disability within five years. In all other cases (partial recovery, or rehabilitation for a type of work other than the work performed prior to the disability), the legislation does not guarantee a return to the retirees former employment, but instead provides for a gradual reduction in the disability benefit to encourage the worker to return to the active workforce. This study investigates the question of whether the protectionist interpretation of the law that currently prevails in Brazil is effectively supported by the legislation and serves the interests of both society and the individual, and searches for a new, fairer solution that could eliminate, or at least minimize, the conflicts and disputes caused by disability retirement.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a magnitude e a distribuição das aposentadorias por invalidez por dor nas costas no Brasil em 2007. Trata-se de estudo descritivo utilizando registros do Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social de 2007. Foram concedidos 10.839 benefícios de aposentadoria por invalidez referentes a dor nas costas. As variáveis idade, sexo, estados e grandes regiões foram utilizadas para o cálculo das taxas de incidência de dor nas costas em aposentadorias por invalidez enquanto as variáveis faixa salarial, ramo de atividade, clientela e tipo de filiação, foram utilizadas para o cálculo das proporções. Para o cálculo das dez primeiras causas de aposentadoria por invalidez foram utilizados os dados de todas as causas deste benefício. Foram analisados ainda, os dias de trabalho perdidos por invalidez por atividade profissional. A dor nas costas idiopática foi a primeira causa de invalidez em 2007. A maioria dos beneficiários residia em área urbana, era composta por comerciários e recebia até três salários mínimos. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas em aposentadorias por invalidez foi de 29,96 por 100.000 contribuintes. Este valor foi mais elevado no sexo masculino e apresentou crescimento à medida que se eleva a faixa etária. A taxa de Rondônia, estado com a maior proporção de trabalhadores rurais foi mais de quatro vezes o esperado (RT=4,05) enquanto a segunda maior taxa foi aproximadamente duas vezes o esperado (RT=2,07). A dor nas costas foi uma importante causa de invalidez em 2007. As diferenças observadas entre as incidências por estado apontam para a necessidade de melhor compreender os fatores associados a este importante problema de morbidade para a população trabalhadora brasileira. / The aim of the present work was to analyze the magnitude and the distribuition of the back pain disability retirements in Brazil, 2007. It is a descriptive study utilizing data from the Unique System of Benefits Information of the National Institute of Social Secure and from the Statistical Annual of Social Security. There were 10.839 benefits of back pain disability retirements (B32 and B92). The variables: age, gender, state and great regions were used to calculate the incidence rate of back pain in disability retirements while the variables, salary level, branch of activity, clientele, type of filiation were used to calculate the proportions. The data of all causes of disability retirement were used to calculate the ten first causes. The working days lost from disability retirement for each branch of activity were calculated. The idiopatic back pain was the first cause of disability retirement in 2007. The majority of the beneficiaries lived in urban area, was commerce workers and earned up to three minimum salaries. The back pain incidence rate in disability retirements was 29,96 per 100.000 contributors. The incidence was more elevated in males and presented a growing tendence with age. The incidence rate in Rondonia, state of greater proportion of rural workers, was four times the expected value (RR= 4,05) while the second greater incidence was only twice as expected (RR=2,07). The back pain was an important reason of disability retirement in 2007. The observed differences in the states incidences indicate to a necessary better comprehension of the associated factors of this important morbidity problem for the Brazilian working population.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar a magnitude e a distribuição das aposentadorias por invalidez por dor nas costas no Brasil em 2007. Trata-se de estudo descritivo utilizando registros do Sistema Único de Informações de Benefícios e dos Anuários Estatísticos da Previdência Social de 2007. Foram concedidos 10.839 benefícios de aposentadoria por invalidez referentes a dor nas costas. As variáveis idade, sexo, estados e grandes regiões foram utilizadas para o cálculo das taxas de incidência de dor nas costas em aposentadorias por invalidez enquanto as variáveis faixa salarial, ramo de atividade, clientela e tipo de filiação, foram utilizadas para o cálculo das proporções. Para o cálculo das dez primeiras causas de aposentadoria por invalidez foram utilizados os dados de todas as causas deste benefício. Foram analisados ainda, os dias de trabalho perdidos por invalidez por atividade profissional. A dor nas costas idiopática foi a primeira causa de invalidez em 2007. A maioria dos beneficiários residia em área urbana, era composta por comerciários e recebia até três salários mínimos. A taxa de incidência de dor nas costas em aposentadorias por invalidez foi de 29,96 por 100.000 contribuintes. Este valor foi mais elevado no sexo masculino e apresentou crescimento à medida que se eleva a faixa etária. A taxa de Rondônia, estado com a maior proporção de trabalhadores rurais foi mais de quatro vezes o esperado (RT=4,05) enquanto a segunda maior taxa foi aproximadamente duas vezes o esperado (RT=2,07). A dor nas costas foi uma importante causa de invalidez em 2007. As diferenças observadas entre as incidências por estado apontam para a necessidade de melhor compreender os fatores associados a este importante problema de morbidade para a população trabalhadora brasileira. / The aim of the present work was to analyze the magnitude and the distribuition of the back pain disability retirements in Brazil, 2007. It is a descriptive study utilizing data from the Unique System of Benefits Information of the National Institute of Social Secure and from the Statistical Annual of Social Security. There were 10.839 benefits of back pain disability retirements (B32 and B92). The variables: age, gender, state and great regions were used to calculate the incidence rate of back pain in disability retirements while the variables, salary level, branch of activity, clientele, type of filiation were used to calculate the proportions. The data of all causes of disability retirement were used to calculate the ten first causes. The working days lost from disability retirement for each branch of activity were calculated. The idiopatic back pain was the first cause of disability retirement in 2007. The majority of the beneficiaries lived in urban area, was commerce workers and earned up to three minimum salaries. The back pain incidence rate in disability retirements was 29,96 per 100.000 contributors. The incidence was more elevated in males and presented a growing tendence with age. The incidence rate in Rondonia, state of greater proportion of rural workers, was four times the expected value (RR= 4,05) while the second greater incidence was only twice as expected (RR=2,07). The back pain was an important reason of disability retirement in 2007. The observed differences in the states incidences indicate to a necessary better comprehension of the associated factors of this important morbidity problem for the Brazilian working population.

Thesis (MPhil (Rehabilitation))--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African National Census (1996) reports a disability prevalence of 6,6% in South Africa. In November 1999 the government paid out 635 881 temporary or permanent disability grants. Legislation is in place to allow the Department of Social Services to administer the grants. For this study demographic information of disability grant recipients in a semi-rural area was sought in order to improve understanding of disability and to assist in service delivery. The study was executed in Kleinmond, a coastal town in the Western Cape with a population of 3 918, where 189 people reported a disability during the 1996 census. Objective The objective of this study was to determine the disability profile, caregiver utilization and needs of disability grant recipients in Kleinmond, Western Cape, South Africa. METHODS A descriptive survey was the study design of choice. The study population consisted of recipients of a permanent disability grant who collected their grants at the Kleinmond Post Office in June 1999. In order to capture the necessary information, a questionnaire was developed based on the disability catalogue of the International Classification of Impairment, Disability and Handicap (ICIDH) of the World Health Organisation. Pilot studies were conducted and the researcher interviewed 29 grantees during the main study in Kleinmond in June/July 1999. Repeatability of the questionnaire was tested. Ninety six percent of the responses were the same on the second visit to four randomly selected grantees. Data was analysed with the statistical software package STATISTICA. RESULTS The response rate was 90% (29/32). The mean age of the mainly male grantees was 42 years (range: 18 - 64). Most grantees were single, but the majority stayed with someone else. Ninety three percent (27/29) were unemployed while 69% (20/29) felt they were able to work. Most grantees took regular medication and the majority accessed health services at the primary level local clinic. Twenty five grantees (86%or 25/29) reported multiple disabilities, while one person did not fit into any of the categories. The most common disability category was situational disability (82% or 24/29). Nineteen persons with disabilities (66% or 19/29) relied on help which was mainly given by the parents. Assistance was needed with activities such as collecting the disability grant, shopping and managing money. With regard to needs of grantees, most found it important to have the clinic closer to their homes (52% or 15/29), to increase the amount of the disability grant (76% or 22/29) and to raise awareness of disability in the community (69% or 20/29). CONCLUSION Most disability grant recipients in this study reported problems in many of the seven disability categories of the ICIDH, i.e. multiple disabilities. This is consistent with the assumption that only severely disabled people qualify for a permanent disability grant in South Africa. This might explain why the majority of the grantees utilized a caregiver for some tasks. Needs with regard to health and social services of this defined group of persons with disabilities in Kleinmond will be brought to the attention of the authorities, who are planning a new community centre and clinic. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Volgens die Nasionale Sensus opname van 1996 is die prevalensie van ongeskiktheid in Suid- Afrika 6.6%. Bevindinge dui aan dat 635881 individue 'n ongskiktheidstoelaag ontvang. Hierdie toelae word volgens wetgewing deur die Departement van Maatskaplike Dienste ge-administreer. In hierdie studie is demografiese inligting van individue wat 'n ongeskiktheidstoelaag ontvang ingesamel in 'n poging om insig in gestremdheid en dienslewering aan gestremdes te verbeter. Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit individue wat 'n ongeskiktheidstoelaag in die Wes-Kaapse kusdorp Kleinmond ontvang. Kleinmond het 'n populasie van 3 918 waarvan 189 individue ongeskik is volgens die 1996 sensus. DOEL Die doel van die studie was om 'n ongesiktheidsprofiel van individue in Kleinmond te bepaal, asook te evalueer of hulle versorgers benodig het en om hulle behoeftes te bepaal. METODOLOGIE Daar is gebruik gemaak van 'n beskrywende studie. Die studiepopulasie het bestaan uit aile individue woonagtig in Kleinmond wat 'n permanente ongeskiktheidstoelaag ontvang het en dit by die poskantoor afgehaal het. Data is deur middel van 'n vraelys ingesamel. Die vraelys is gebaseer op die ongeskiktheids katalogus van die Internasionale Klassifikasie van Gebrek, Ongeskiktheid en Gestremdheid (ICIDH) van die Wereld Gesondheidsorganisasie. Die vraelys is getoets deur middel van loodsstudies. Die betroubaarheid van die vraelys is ook getoets deur tydens die navorsing dieselfde vrae tydens 'n tweede besoek aan vier kandidate te stel. Hierdie vier individue is ewekansig geselekteer en 96% van die response het ooreen gestem met die van die eerste besoek. Data is verkry van 29 individue gedurende Junie/Julie 1999. Data analise is met behulp van STATISTICA, 'n statistiese sagteware pakket, gedoen.RESULTATE Die responskoers was 90% (29/32). Die meerderheid van die studiepopulasie was manlik met 'n gemiddelde ouderdom van 42 jaar (rykwydte: 18 - 64). Individue was meerendeels ongetroud en het wonings met ander persone gedeel. Uit die studiepopulasie was 93% (27/29) individue werkloos. Van hierdie groep het 69% (20/29) egter gevoel dat hulle wei een of ander vorm van arbeid kan verrig. Bykans aile individue uit die studiepopulasie het gereeld medikasie gebruik. Die plaaslike prirnere gesondheids kliniek is deur die meeste individue benut vir gesondheidssorg. Meeste individue (86% of 25/29) het meer as een ongeskiktheid gehad en een persoon het nie in enige van die kateqoriee ingepas nie. Die ongeskiktheid wat die mees algemeenste voorgekom het was situasie-gebonde ongeskiktheid (82% of 24/29). Hulp is hoofsaaklik deur ouers verskaf en 66% individue (19/29) het van hulp gebruik gemaak. Hierdie hulp was meestal nodig met aktiwiteite soos die afhaal van die ongeskiktheidtoelaag, die doen van inkopies en die bestuur van persoonlike finansies. Die studiepopulasie het 3 groot behoeftes uitgespreek naamlik 'n kliniek nader aan hulle wonings (52% of 15/29), 'n verhoging in die ongeskiktheidstoelaag (76% of 22/29) en .n groter bewustheid van ongeskiktheid in die gemeenskap (69% of 20/29). Samevatting Baie van die individue uit die studiepopulasie het ongeskikthede in meer as een van die ongeskiktheidskategoriee aangedui. Hierdie bevinding is in ooreenstemming met die aanname dat in Suid-Afrika slegs individue met erge ongeskiktheid n ongeskiktheidstoelaag ontvang. Dit kan moontlik ook verklaar waarom die meerderheid van die populasie versorgers benodig het vir die uitvoer van sekere take. Die behoeftes van hierdie studiepopulasie sal onder die aandag van die plaaslike owerheid, wat tans besig is met die beplanning van 'n nuwe gemeensskapssentrum en kliniek, gebring word.

<p>The aim of this study was to examine how individuals with disability pension reason about a return to work. Action theory, as presented by Berglind, was used as theoretical approach. Qualitative interviews were conducted with five individuals who have disability pension due to mental illness. The respondents describe how they weigh benefits and disadvantages against each other. The main reason for a return to work is economical. The greatest disadvan-tage is the risk of losing their right to disability pension, which seems to limit their motivation to return to work. All respondents stress benefits associated with work but they do not all wish to return to work. Work is not described as equal to paid work but as an essential part of life. All respondents’ express a belief in their ability to work but are doubtful concerning their chances of getting employment, which seems to have a negative impact on their motivation as well. Furthermore, the respondents criticize the public authorities in the field of rehabilitation for not contributing to a return to work process. However, they give an example of how a non-governmental organisation has been important for increasing their possibilities of a return to work.</p>

The aim of this study was to examine how individuals with disability pension reason about a return to work. Action theory, as presented by Berglind, was used as theoretical approach. Qualitative interviews were conducted with five individuals who have disability pension due to mental illness. The respondents describe how they weigh benefits and disadvantages against each other. The main reason for a return to work is economical. The greatest disadvan-tage is the risk of losing their right to disability pension, which seems to limit their motivation to return to work. All respondents stress benefits associated with work but they do not all wish to return to work. Work is not described as equal to paid work but as an essential part of life. All respondents’ express a belief in their ability to work but are doubtful concerning their chances of getting employment, which seems to have a negative impact on their motivation as well. Furthermore, the respondents criticize the public authorities in the field of rehabilitation for not contributing to a return to work process. However, they give an example of how a non-governmental organisation has been important for increasing their possibilities of a return to work.