Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Carlos Iancoski Portes.pdf: 672134 bytes, checksum: b37830c5c8390962b20c316af6292689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / The present essay has a goal an analytical indenture in History, in the Sixties and Seventies, analyzing the Latin American Catholic Church performance in this period, especially, in the texts and contexts of the general Assemblies of the Medellin and Puebla CELAM. In that time, many worldwide sociocultural manifestations of contesting character were taking place, their mainly characteristic was the dissatisfaction with the reality. At the political scope, idealism, the enthusiasm in the fighting spirit of the people and the anxiety to social transformation, mainly the youth, which adhered more and more to the revolutionary movements were evident. All this social effusion comes to Latin America very strongly. Against that conjuncture, the Catholic Church, as a human institution that is not above History and is taken by it because it s involved by the social, political, cultural and economical aspects of that time, assumed the mission to enlighten these realities using evangelical values. Through a bibliographical research and oral sources we realized that, against the current social effusion, the Catholic Church, fitting into the social reality, supported the communal fights, which were seeking the transformation of the injustice and violent realities that were so evident in Latin America in the period. The Catholic Church stopped being just an observer or a distant advisor about the social problems and became the leading part in the indispensable changes to the Latin America people. Major Ecclesiastic sections, overcoming the ideology of the medieval Christianity and alliances with the elites and constituted powers in behalf of a social order maintenance, assume the communal fights to complete liberation of the people in the continent. The Latin American bishops, in Medellin and Puebla, knew how to realize the society s call and helped in the process of transformation. Interpreting the new signs of the time , the bishops encourage the catholic people to take the responsibility to the evangelical values. Because of this, the documents of Medellin and Puebla Assemblies became efficient instruments that base on the performance of the Christian Catholics in the society. From these, the Catholic Church moves form social place and becomes a special organization place of the communal fights for transformation / O presente trabalho de pesquisa objetivou um recorte analítico na História, a saber, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970, analisando a atuação da Igreja Católica Latino-Americana nesse período, sobretudo, nos textos e contextos das Assembléias Gerais do CELAM de Medellín e Puebla. Fervilhavam, nessa época, em âmbito mundial manifestações sócio-culturais de caráter contestatório, cuja característica mais importante era o inconformismo com a realidade. No âmbito da política era evidente o idealismo, o entusiasmo no espírito de luta do povo e o anseio por transformação social, principalmente da juventude, que aderia em grande escala aos movimentos revolucionários. Toda essa efervescência social chega à América Latina com muita força. Frente àquela conjuntura, a Igreja Católica, enquanto instituição humana que não está acima da História, e é condicionada pela mesma, estando envolvida pelos aspectos sociais, políticos, culturais e econômicos de cada época, assumiu de maneira ímpar a missão de iluminar essas realidades com os valores evangélicos. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e fontes orais constatamos que, diante da ebulição social em andamento, a Igreja Católica, inserindo-se na realidade social, colocou-se ao lado das lutas populares que buscavam a transformação das realidades de injustiça e violência em evidência na América Latina naquele período. A Igreja Católica deixou de ser apenas uma observadora e conselheira à distância sobre os problemas sociais e se fez agente e protagonista nas mudanças imprescindíveis para os povos latino-americanos. Grandes setores eclesiásticos, superando a ideologia da cristandade medieval, de alianças com as elites e poderes constituídos em nome da manutenção da ordem social, assumem as lutas populares em vista da libertação integral do ser humano do continente. Os bispos latino-americanos, presentes em Medellín e Puebla, souberam perceber os clamores que surgiam da sociedade e deram respaldo ao processo de transformação. Interpretando os novos sinais dos tempos , os bispos incentivam os cristãos católicos a assumirem seu compromisso com os valores evangélicos. Por isso, os documentos das Assembléias de Medellín e Puebla se tornam instrumentos eficazes que fundamentam a atuação dos cristãos católicos na sociedade. A partir deles a Igreja Católica muda de lugar social e torna-se espaço privilegiado de organização das lutas populares por transformação

Comment l'Église catholique peut-elle témoigner de la Bonne Nouvelle évangélique et être reconnue comme un espace habitable pour tous ? Quelles structures pourrait-elle adopter, qui puissent aider les communautés humaines à articuler leurs diversités ? Quelle est la juste place du gouvernement et de l'enseignement dans l'Église ? Quelles communautés peut-elle constituer, qui soient à la fois ouvertes et attentives à sa propre tradition comme à celle des autres ? Gustave Thils [1909-2000], théologien louvaniste, était bien placé pour traiter ces questions particulièrement complexes. Son apport s'étend sur trois périodes distinctes : avant, pendant et après le Concile Vatican II. Son œuvre est très variée, car ses intérêts théologiques se voulaient en prise sur l'actualité de l'Église et du monde. La thèse cherche à présenter une vision systématique et globale de son ecclésiologie. Après une brève biographie de G. Thils et un résumé de ses options théologiques dominantes, le chapitre 2 traite de la méthode historico-critique qu'il a mise en œuvre dans ses études, de l'influence de René Draguet sur sa réflexion, et de ses ouvertures vers une nouvelle herméneutique théologique. Le chapitre 3, intitulé L'ecclésiologie en général, aborde divers éléments de son ecclésiologie On y analyse d'abord l'histoire complexe des « notes » de l'Église et les questions théologiques importantes qu'elles soulèvent. On traite ensuite de l'identité du prêtre à partir de son apostolat, de son rattachement au diocèse, de sa participation à la charge pastorale de l'évêque et de son « devoir » de sainteté. Thils a contribué, par ailleurs, à l'émergence d'une théologie du laïcat, à partir de sa réflexion sur les « réalités terrestres ». Il a développé en outre le thème de l'égalité entre tous les membres de l'Église et celui de la vocation universelle à la sainteté. À propos de l'évêque, Thils s'inspire d'une lecture critique de la constitution Pastor aeternus de Vatican I. C'est ensuite dans Lumen gentium 21 que Thils trouvera de nouvelles ressources pour redéfinir l'identité de l'évêque, sa mission, sa responsabilité propre et son rapport à l'Église locale. Au-delà des thèmes particuliers, Thils propose quelques principes permettant une bonne interprétation des textes de Vatican II, veillant à en relever les intuitions originales, les développements doctrinaux, ses relations avec la Tradition et son ouverture aux signes des temps. Le chapitre 4 étudie le problème de l'œcuménisme. Il suit Thils dans sa description de l'histoire doctrinale du mouvement œcuménique [études antérieures à 1965], avant de proposer un commentaire du Décret sur l'œcuménisme de Vatican II et de décrire la position générale de l'Église catholique par rapport à la rencontre des Églises. Comme support de celle-ci, Thils propose le thème des « éléments d'Église ». Le chapitre 5 développe la place de la papauté dans la théologie catholique. On y étudie les questions de l'infaillibilité et de la primauté. Thils propose une analyse critique du texte de Pastor aeternus de Vatican I, analyse débouchant sur le thème capital de l'infaillibilité in credendo du Peuple de Dieu. Dans ce contexte, l'auteur souligne que le magistère épiscopal, y compris celui de l'évêque de Rome, a comme fonction essentielle d'interpréter le dépôt de la foi. En rapport avec l'ecclésiologie, le chapitre 6 traite de la théologie des religions non-chrétiennes. Thils défend l'existence d'une révélation universelle et la présence, hors de l'Église, d'un logos spermatikos qui appuie et éclaire la volonté salvifique de Dieu. Tout en sauvegardant la place privilégiée du christianisme comme ultime Révélation de Dieu, Thils jette un regard résolument positif sur les religions non-chrétiennes, considérées comme des valeurs appelant un complément. La conclusion synthétique cherche à mettre en évidence l'évolution des intérêts théologiques successifs de Thils, ainsi que leur ancrage dans une ecclésiologie en constante mutation.

L'au-delà a toujours été une réalité fascinante pour les croyants et un thème délicat pour les théologiens et les prédicateurs. Qu'en est-il? Ce mémoire se propose d'étudier l'enseignement ecclésial sur l'au-delà, tel que le présentent quelques catéchismes pour adultes publiés après Vatican II: Le nouveau catéchisme pour adultes (épiscopat hollandais), La Foi de l'Église (épiscopat allemand), Livre de la Foi (épiscopat belge), Catéchisme pour adultes (épiscopat français) et Catéchisme de l'Église catholique. Il comporte à la fois une analyse détaillée du contenu pertinent de chacun de ces catéchismes et un bilan présentant une vue d'ensemble de leur enseignement sur l'au-delà.

The thesis has been written on the basis of main architectural concepts and their application in real life within a historical context investigation. Main architectural concepts are represented in a harmony of architectural composition that deals with relations among form, structure and space in the unique art work. Genius loci play very important role in the architectural creation - it represents a special and extra-ordinary urban locality and its architectural value in the historical, geographical and cultural context. The origin of Ostravice village within the historical frame concept of Moravia domain is the topic of this thesis. Other historical documents gave information about Bruneswerde as the Brno Castle. That means Brno Castle had to be founded not in Brno (as it has been consid-ered for many years) but it was located in Beskydy at Ostravice. The sacred city – Civitas Dei had been located in Bruneswerde region in early ages as the centre of European culture, education and spiritual life. Civitas Dei – divine Jerusalem in the transcription of St. Augustine's book De civitate Dei – is not only glorification of God and religious fantasy. It is also one of significant clues for recognition of historical architecture. The depiction of unknown settlement from the book of unde-fined origin is a superb testimony about extinct architectural works. They are legible from cadastral maps. Brno Castle - residence of nobility and power served shelter to St. Vojtěch, St. Prokop, St. Václav and St. Ludmila as it is obvious for the mentioned picture. Three major temples, three com-position axes symbolized by three towers on coins are in analogical relation to Brno triangle of four saints - the Saint family of Brno temples. Powerful ambitions of Brno City principals and clergy are inscribed into the urban structure in the way of composition relations which are legible to them who devoted themselves to the mystery of harmony. The absence of historical continuity affects personal attitudes and also identity of the whole community. The architecture truly reflects the past state of polis and it is eloquent even after its death. The architectural composition relations influence the natural environment for long time, longer than the architectural work existence. The geometric order of Renaissance Brno existence has not been in attention of architects so far. The features were discovered in characteristic paintings by Albrecht Durer. They are evidently secret works of the genius. A meaningful collaborator and follower in the extensive project was also his friend Jan Čert from Brno and lately from Vienna. His noble genealogy played a significant role in history of Silesia and Moravia for centuries. It is tendency to consider him as Austrian or even German architect. It is because of the fact that the genealogy tree of his noble family had roots in Moravia. It is supposed that Durer with Jan Čert´s support created the extraordinarily monumental architectural and urban works in Brno. A remarkable consensus in the urban composition of two squares and transition of traditional urban structure of Ostravice Civitas Dei into the modern Brno is also confirmed due to the identification of noble creators and owners, who were at the foundation, transformation and extinction of elements of the Moravian urban structure.