Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-22T22:53:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisBragaEconomia.pdf: 6108813 bytes, checksum: bf186fda5918d6000c0c2500d6ea514c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T22:53:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisBragaEconomia.pdf: 6108813 bytes, checksum: bf186fda5918d6000c0c2500d6ea514c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho visa determinar a influência que os fatores sócio-econômicos, em conjunto com as variáveis construtivas usuais, provocam na valoração de imóveis no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Sendo o imóvel um bem com características distintas das demais, muitos pesquisadores buscam elementos diferentes para explicar esse comportamento distinto. Neste contexto, sobressai um dos fatores com grande relevância, a vizinhança. Os métodos inferenciais tradicionais dificultam a modelagem adequada pela multiplicidade dos fatores que influenciam o valor dos imóveis de uma determinada região. Sendo assim, os modelos de regressão espacial foram utilizados na estimação do valor unitário dos mesmos (VU). Já o modelo de regressão LAG foi utilizado para uniformizar a amostra de dados dos imóveis que se mostrou heterogênea. Não obstante, a krigagem demonstrou a estimativa do valor de um imóvel para determinada região. A aplicação dos métodos foi realizada para uma base de dados obtida junto a Caixa Econômica Federal, contendo imóveis transacionados no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no período de 2006 a 2008. Ademais, os métodos de regressão aplicados confirmaram índices fortemente significativos nos modelos obtidos para todos os imóveis de uma região. Com isso, a estrutura espacial dos índices estimados minimizou a autocorrelação existente nos resíduos do modelo de regressão, melhorando a confiabilidade da avaliação. / This work aims to determine the influence that the social economic factors together with the usual variable constructive cause in the valuation of property, in Rio Grande do Sul State. Property is a material good with distinct characteristics from the other goods. Many researchers seek different elements to explain this situation. In this context one factor stands out with great relevance, the neighborhood. The traditional inferential methods difficult the adequate modeling because of the multiplicity of the factors that influence the value of the properties in a given region. Spatial regression models were used to estimate their unit value (UV). The regression model LAG was used to standardize the data sample of the properties, it was heterogeneous. Kriging showed the estimated value of a property for a given region. The application of the methods was performed for a database obtained from Caixa Econômica Federal, containing properties transacted in Rio Grande do Sul State, from 2006 to 2008. The applied regression methods confirmed strongly significant indices on the obtained models for all the properties in the region. The spatial structure of the estimated indices minimized the autocorrelation existing in the residuals of the regression models, improving the reliability of assessment.

The service industry has become increasingly competitive. This dissertation addresses a number of outstanding and fundamental questions of competitions in service operations and supply chains. The challenges are characterization of the equilibrium behaviors, estimating the impact of firms' interactions, and designing of efficient market mechanisms. The first chapter of this dissertation considers price competition models for oligopolistic markets, in which the consumer reacts to relative rather than absolute prices, where the relative price is defined as the difference between the absolute price and a given reference value. Such settings arise, for example, when the full retail price earned by the ``retailer" is reduced by virtue of a third party offering a subsidy or a rebate or in prospect theoretical models in which customers establish a reference price and base their choices on the differentials with respect to the reference price. When choosing among the various competing options, the consumer trades off the net price paid with various other product or service attributes, as in standard price competition models. The reference price may be exogenously specified and pre-announced to the competing firms. Alternatively, it may be endogenously determined, as a function of the set of absolute prices selected by the competing firms, for example the lowest or the second lowest price. We characterize the equilibrium behavior under a general reference value scheme of the above type; this in a base model, where we assume that the consumer choice model is of the general MultiNomialLogit (MNL) type. We also derive comparison results for the price equilibria that arise under alternative subsidy schemes. These comparisons have important implications for the design of subsidy schemes. The second chapter applies the results of the first chapter to the Medicare insurance market, both in terms of its existing structure, as well as in terms of various proposals to redesign the program. Based on an oligopoly price competition model tailored towards this market, and actual county-by-county data for the year 2010, we estimate the impact such reforms would have on the plans' market shares, equilibrium premia, the government's cost, and the out-of-pocket expenses of the beneficiaries. We employ two different methodologies to derive the parameters in the county-by-county competition models: (i) a calibration model, and (ii) parameter distributions obtained from models estimated in Curto et al. (2015). The predicted impacts on the above performance measures are remarkably consistent across the two methodologies and reveal, for example, that the government cost would decrease by 8% if the traditional fee-for-service(FFS) plans are kept out of competitive bidding process and by 16.5%-21% if they are part of the process. The third chapter studies a class of buy procurement mechanisms, framework agreements (FAs), that are commonly used by buying agencies around the world to satisfy demand that arises over a certain time horizon. We are one of the first in the literature that provides a formal understanding of FAs, with a particular focus on the cost uncertainty faced by bidders over the FA time horizon. We introduce a model that generalizes standard auction models to include this salient feature of FAs; we analyze this model theoretically and numerically. First, we show that FAs are subject to a sort of winner's curse that in equilibrium induces higher expected buying prices relative to running first-price auctions as needs arise. Then, our results provide concrete design recommendations that alleviate this issue and decrease buying prices in FAs, highlighting the importance of (i) monitoring the price charged at the open market by the FA winner and using it to bound the buying price; (ii) investing in implementing price indexes for the random part of suppliers' costs; and (iii) allowing suppliers the flexibility to reduce their prices to compete with the open market throughout the selling period. These prescriptions are already being used by the Chilean government procurement agency that buys US$2 billion worth of contracts every year using FAs. The fourth chapter considers the preference of contractual forms in supply chains. The supply chain contracting literature has focused on incentive contracts designed to align supply chain members' individual interests. A key finding of this literature is that members' preferences for contractual forms are often at odds: the upstream supplier prefers more complex contracts that can coordinate the supply chain; however, the downstream retailer prefers the wholesale price--only contract because it leaves more surplus (than a coordinating contract) that the retailer can get. This chapter addresses the following question: under what circumstances do suppliers and retailers prefer the same contractual form? We study supply chain members' preference for contractual forms in three different competitive settings in which multiple supply chains compete to sell substitutable products to the same market. Our analysis suggests that both upstream and downstream sides of the supply chains may prefer the same ``quantity discount'' contract, thereby eliminating the conflicts of interest that otherwise typify contracting situations. More interesting still is that both sides may also prefer the wholesale price--only contract, which offers a theoretical explanation to why the simple inefficient contract is widely adopted in supply chain transactions.

This three-article dissertation aims to apply Bayesian data analysis to improve the methodologies that process effectiveness findings, cost information and subjective judgments with the purpose of providing clear, localized guidance for decision makers in educational resource allocation. The first article shows how to use a Bayesian hierarchical model to capture the uncertainty of the effectiveness-cost ratio. The uncertainty information produced by the model may inform the decision makers of the best- and worst-case scenarios of the program efficiency if it is replicated. The second article introduces Bayesian decision theory to address a subset of methodological barriers that hamper the influence of research on educational decision-making, including how to generalize or extrapolate effectiveness and cost information from the evaluation site(s) to a specific context, how to incorporate information from multiple sources, and how to aggregate multiple consequences of an intervention into one framework. The purpose of this article is to generate evidence of program comparison that applies to a specific school facing a decision problem by incorporating the decision-makers' subjective judgements and modeling their specific preference on multiple consequences. The third article proposes a randomized control trial to detect whether principals and practitioners update their beliefs on the effectiveness and cost of educational programs in the light of uncertainty information and localized evidence. Supplemented by a pilot qualitative study that guides decision makers to work on self-defined decision problems, the pilot testing of the experiment provides some evidence on the plausibility of using an experiment to identify the causal impact of research evidence on decision-making.

Tsui Chuk Wah. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-70). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.iv / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Data --- p.8 / Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 4 --- Results --- p.45 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and Further Development --- p.59 / Appendix --- p.63 / Reference --- p.69

Law Wing Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [151]-156). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.II / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.IV / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Purpose --- p.3 / Organization --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- REVIEW OF THEORIES AND LITERATURE --- p.5 / The Literature on Foreign Direct Investment --- p.5 / The Literature on Legal Issues --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- METHODOLOGY --- p.17 / Data Collection --- p.17 / Control Variables in Detail --- p.20 / Design of Regression Models --- p.26 / Methodology --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- THE EFFECTS OF LEGAL FACTORS ON INVESTMENT MODE SELECTION --- p.29 / Rationale for the Study --- p.29 / Fundamental Differences between Partial Acquisition and JV --- p.30 / Importance of Legal Institutions in the Choice of M&A and JV --- p.33 / Hypothesis on the Effects of Legal Factors on Investment Mode Selection --- p.34 / Hypothesis on Legal Origin --- p.34 / Hypothesis on Shareholder Protection --- p.36 / Hypothesis on the Government Enforcement Efficiency --- p.39 / Hypothesis on Securities Regulation --- p.42 / Hypothesis on Accounting Standard and Corporate Transparency --- p.42 / Hypothesis on Other Legal Issues --- p.43 / Empirical Evidence for the Effects of Legal Factors on Investment Mode Selection --- p.45 / Legal Origin --- p.45 / Shareholder Protection --- p.48 / Government Enforcement Efficiency --- p.50 / "Securities Regulation, Accounting Standard and Corporate Transparency" --- p.52 / Other Legal Issues --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- THE EFFECTS OF LEGAL FACTORS ON OWNERSHIP PROPORTION DECISION --- p.57 / Rationale for the Study --- p.57 / Hypothesis on the Effects of Legal Factors on Ownership Proportion Decision --- p.57 / Hypothesis on Legal Origin --- p.59 / Hypothesis on Shareholder Protection --- p.59 / Hypothesis on Government Enforcement Efficiency --- p.59 / Hypothesis on Securities Regulation --- p.60 / Hypothesis on Accounting Standard and Corporate Transparency --- p.60 / Hypothesis on Legal Origin --- p.60 / Hypothesis on Shareholder Protection --- p.60 / Hypothesis on Government Enforcement Efficiency --- p.61 / Hypothesis on Securities Regulation --- p.61 / Hypothesis on Accounting Standard and Corporate Transparency --- p.61 / Hypothesis on Other Legal Issues --- p.61 / Empirical Evidence for the Effects of Legal Factors on Ownership Proportion Decision --- p.63 / Legal Origin --- p.63 / Shareholder Protection --- p.65 / Government Enforcement Efficiency --- p.66 / "Securities Regulation, Accounting Standard and Corporate Transparency" --- p.67 / Other Legal Issues --- p.68 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION --- p.70 / TABLE --- p.73 / Table 1: The Variables --- p.73 / Table 2: Shareholder protection around the world --- p.82 / Table 3: Government enforcement efficiency around the world --- p.85 / "Table 4: Accounting standard, corporate transparency, securities regulation, mandatory bid rule and cross-border regulation around the world" --- p.88 / Table 5A: Effect of legal origin on investment mode selection --- p.91 / Table 5B: Effect of shareholder protection on investment mode selection --- p.93 / Table 5C: Effect of government enforcement efficiency on investment mode selection --- p.95 / "Table 5D: Effect of securities regulation, accounting standard and corporate transparency on investment mode selection" --- p.97 / Table 5E: Effect of other legal issues on investment mode selection --- p.99 / Table 6A: Effect of legal origin on investment mode selection (controlling the ex-post ownership proportion) --- p.101 / Table 6B: Effect of shareholder protection on investment mode selection (controlling the ex-post ownership proportion) --- p.103 / Table 6C: Effect of government enforcement efficiency on investment mode selection (controlling the ex-post ownership proportion) --- p.105 / "Table 6D: Effect of securities regulation, accounting standard and corporate transparency on investment mode selection (controlling the ex-post ownership proportion)" --- p.107 / Table 6E: Effect of other legal issues on investment mode selection (controlling the ex-post ownership proportion) --- p.109 / Table 7A: Effect of legal origin on investment mode selection (Majority ownership sample) --- p.111 / Table 7b: Effect of shareholder protection on investment mode selection (Majority ownership sample) --- p.113 / Table 7C: Effect of government enforcement efficiency on investment mode selection (majority ownership sample) --- p.115 / "Table 7D: Effect of shareholder protection, accounting standard and corporate transparency on investment mode selection (majority ownership sample)" --- p.117 / Table 7E: Effect of other legal issues on investment mode selection (Majority ownership sample) --- p.119 / Table 8 A: Effect of legal origin on investment mode selection (Minority ownership sample) --- p.121 / Table 8B: Effect of shareholder protection on investment mode selection (Minority ownership sample) --- p.123 / Table 8C: Effect of government enforcement efficiency on investment mode selection (minority ownership sample) --- p.125 / Table 8D: Effect of legal origin on investment mode selection (Minority ownership sample) --- p.127 / Table 8E: Effect of other legal issues on investment mode selection (Minority ownership sample) --- p.129 / Table 9A: Effect of legal origin on ownership proportion selection (M&A sample) --- p.131 / Table 9b: Effect of shareholder protection on ownership proportion selection (M&A sample) --- p.133 / Table 9C: Effect of government enforcement efficiency on ownership proportion selection (M&A sample) --- p.135 / "Table 9D: Effect of securities regulation, accounting standard and corporate transparency on ownership proportion selection (m&a sample)" --- p.137 / Table 9E: Effect of other legal issues on ownership proportion selection (M&A sample) --- p.139 / Table 10A: Effect of legal origin on ownership proportion selection (JV sample) --- p.141 / Table 10B: Effect of shareholder protection on ownership proportion selection (JV sample) --- p.143 / Table 10C: Effect of government enforcement efficiency on ownership proportion selection (jv sample) --- p.145 / "Table 10D: Effect of securities regulation, accounting standard and corporate transparency on ownership proportion selection (jv sample)" --- p.147 / Table 10E: Effect of other legal issues on ownership proportion selection (jv sample) --- p.149 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.151 / APPENDIX --- p.157 / Appendix 1: Summary statistics of the variables used in investigation of investment mode selection --- p.157 / Appendix 2: Summary statistics of the variables used in investigation of ownership proportion selection (m&a sample) --- p.159 / Appendix 3: Summary statistics of the variables used in investigation of ownership proportion selection (JV sample) --- p.161 / "Appendix 4: Correlations of Shareholder Protection, Corporate Transparency, Securities Regulation and other legal issues" --- p.163 / "Appendix 5: Correlations of Shareholder Protection, Government Enforcement Efficiency, Corporate Transparency, Securities Regulation and other legal issues" --- p.164 / "Appendix 6: Correlations of Shareholder Protection, Government Enforcement Efficiency and other legal issues" --- p.165 / Appendix 7: Correlations of firm-level and country-level control variables --- p.166

Wang, Yang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 72-74). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Literature Review and Model Description --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Portfolio theory under mean-variance framework --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Portfolio theory under utility-maximizing framework --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Model Description --- p.11 / Chapter 2 --- Parameterized optimal rebalancing strategy --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- An open-loop policy of the T-horizon model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- A closed-loop policy of the T-horizon model --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3 --- Illustrative numerical example --- p.36 / Chapter 3 --- Non-parameterized optimal rebalancing model --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1 --- T=2 period problem --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2 --- T=3 period problem --- p.55 / Chapter 4 --- s-S type policy --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Exponential K-convex function --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Revised multiperiod portfolio selection model --- p.62 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and summary of work --- p.70 / Bibliography --- p.71

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The aim of the thesis is analysing and evaluating the situation in each region through macroeconomical factors. First chapter is focused on Europe. The most interesting part of this chapter is the fiscal policy. Second chapter provides insight to fascinating Asia and its huge rise in recent past. Third chapter provides analysis of development of interesting economical values in America. Last fourth chapter includes econometrical analysis of relationships between time series of macroeconomical values and stock prices of representative bank shares from all regions enriched by equations for forecasting of future stock prices.

O comportamento do emprego no meio rural vêm se modificando ao longo do tempo. Pode-se perceber que o rural não é mais unicamente agropecuário. Existem atividades nãoagrícolas realizadas no meio rural vinculadas ou não à agropecuária, gerando o fenômeno conhecido como pluriatividade. O diagnóstico deste fenômeno para o Brasil já foi executado pelo projeto RURBANO. Entretanto, ainda existe uma lacuna na literatura nacional referente à utilização de modelos econométricos visando identificar os seus fatores determinantes. Além disto, estudos que tenham tentado entender como a vizinhança e os atributos do contexto em torno do município afetam o emprego não-agropecuário por pessoas residentes no meio rural ainda não foram efetuados. Neste contexto, o presente estudo analisa as questões relacionadas ao emprego rural, com ênfase nas atividades que não pertencem diretamente à produção agropecuária para o estado de Santa Catarina. São enfocados os aspectos econômicos, sociais e locacionais que possam explicar a evolução do emprego rural no estado. A escolha de Santa Catarina, para o estudo de caso, deve-se a algumas características peculiares deste estado, as quais são: apresentar uma economia altamente diversificada, ter na agropecuária uma importante fonte de renda para o PIB estadual, apresentar uma agricultura familiar dinâmica e, por se localizar na região sul, ter sido submetido de forma intensa à concorrência dos demais países que compunham o Mercosul até meados de 2006. Na literatura já existem diversos modelos econométricos visando analisar e explicar a pluriatividade no meio rural. O presente estudo utiliza um modelo contendo um sistema de três equações simultâneas lineares: 1- equação para a população rural; 2- equação para o emprego rural no setor industrial e 3- equação para o emprego rural no setor serviços. A nossa unidade de observação, neste modelo, são os municípios do estado, para a divisão territorial existente em 1991. Optou-se por trabalhar com o ano de 1991 devido ao menor número de pressuposições necessárias para compatibilizar as diferentes malhas municipais nos anos censitários de 1980, 1991 e 2000. Os dados relacionados ao emprego e à população são originados a partir dos microdados dos Censos Demográficos, produzidos pelo IBGE, para os anos de 1980, 1991 e 2000. As variáveis que definem os atributos da localidade são extraídas, além dos Censos Demográficos, de diversas fontes. Dentre estas se podem citar: Datasus, IPEA, Guia Quatro Rodas, entre outros. Visando complementar nossa análise, são calculados diversos índices de concentração da atividade econômica que permitem caracterizar as mesorregiões do estado e, assim, ajudar a explicar os resultados da regressão. Os resultados obtidos na tese confirmam a importância das atividades não agropecuárias na geração de emprego para as pessoas residentes em áreas rurais no Estado de Santa Catarina. O crescimento destas atividades no estado serviu para minimizar os impactos causados pela diminuição do emprego agropecuário no estado. Além de importante gerador de ocupações, as atividades não agropecuárias contribuem para aumentar a renda domiciliar dos residentes rurais. A renda dos domicílios pluriativos são superiores àquelas obtidas pelos domicílios agrícolas em todas as mesorregiões analisadas. O modelo econométrico estimado permitiu confirmar as hipóteses que nortearam este trabalho. Foi detectada a presença de \"spillovers\" do crescimento das populações urbanas sobre a população e o emprego não agropecuário para os residentes no meio rural. De maneira semelhante, estes \"spillovers\" foram também detectados quanto ao crescimento do número de pessoas ocupadas, nos setores de serviços e industriais, no meio urbano sobre os ocupados nesses setores e vivendo no meio rural. Os atributos locais foram também variáveis importantes na explicação da variação do número de pessoas ocupadas em atividades não agropecuárias para os residentes no meio rural. Entretanto, as variáveis que representam o acesso a mercados não se apresentaram como estatisticamente significativas. As variáveis que descrevem o passado (histórico) do número de pessoas ocupadas em atividades não agropecuárias e vivendo no meio rural foram também importantes variáveis na explicação do crescimento do número de ocupações não agropecuárias para os residentes no meio rural. Em outras palavras, o crescimento da pluriatividade (entre 1991 e 2000) está relacionada à sua dimensão anterior (considerada em 1980). / The characteristics of employment in rural places have been changing during the time, and we observe that rural employment is not only agricultural. There are non-agricultural job opportunities in rural areas which are related or not to the agricultural activity, which creates a phenomenon called pluriactivity. The diagnostic of this situation in Brazil was performed in the RURBANO project. However, there is yet a gap in the national literature referent to the utilization of econometric models for the identification of its determinants. Further, no studies were performed to understand how the neighborhood and the attributes around her affect the employment in non-agricultural activities in rural areas. The present study analyzes the questions related with rural employment, emphasizing the activities not directly connected to the agricultural production in the state of Santa Catarina. Emphasis is given to the dynamics and locational questions that can explain the rural employment inside the state. Santa Catarina was chosen due to its peculiarities: a diversified economy, the agriculture is an important activity to the state, the family farm is the base component of the production, and, as a state located in the south region, have faced directly the Mercosul challenges. There are a huge number of econometric models reported on the literature that can be used to explain the new rural employment dynamics. In the present study was used a model consisting of three linear simultaneous equations: 1- equation for rural population, 2- equation for rural employment in the industrial sector and, 3 - equation for rural employment in the service sector. The observational unit in this study is the county, using the 1991 map track. The decision to use the 1991 map track was based on the lower number of presupposition needed to make compatible the different county track in the years of 1980, 1991, and 2000. The source of data was the micro data of the demographic census, done by IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) in the years of 1980, 1991 and 2000. The variables that define the local attributes were extracted from the Demographic Census and from several other sources, such as: Datasus, IPEA, Guia Quatro Rodas, among others. To complement the analysis, several concentration index of the economic activity were calculated, which enable to unsterstand and characterize the microregions and, in this way, help to explain the results from the regression analysis. The results obtained show the importance of the non-agricultural activities for the employment dynamism in the rural areas of Santa Catarina. The increment of this kind of activity has minimized the impacts caused by the reduction of traditional rural employment in the state. In addition of being an important generator of employment, non-agricultural activities help to increase the household income of rural residents in all regions of the state analyzed. The incomes of the pluriactive households are superior to that of agricultural households in all analyzed mesoregions. The econometric model confirmed the hypothesis that supports this study. It was detected the presence of spillovers from the urban population growth in direction to the growth of the population and non-agricultural employment for the rural residents. In a similar way, these spillovers were also detected on the growth of employment in the service and industry sectors in urban areas over the same jobs in rural areas. The local attributes were also important variables to explain the variation of the nonagricultural employment for rural residents. However, the variables that describe the access to market were not statistically significant. The variables that describe the history of the number of people occupied in non-agricultural activities and living in rural areas were also important to explain the growth of the number of people occupied in non-agricultural activities for rural residents. That is, the increase of pluriativity (from 1991 to 2000) is related to its dimension in the past (in the year 1980).