Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Within southern Africa, the widely distributed four-striped mouse Rhabdomys is parasitized by, amongst others, the host-specific ectoparasitic sucking louse, Polyplax arvicanthis. The present study investigated this parasite-host association from a phylogenetic and phylogeographic perspective utilizing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers. The findings support the existence of four species within Rhabdomys (three distinct lineages within the previously recognized arid-adapted R. pumilio and the mesic-adapted R. dilectus). These species have distinct geographic distributions across vegetational biomes with two documented areas of sympatry at biome boundaries. Ecological niche modelling supports a strong correlation between regional biomes and the distribution of distinct evolutionary lineages of Rhabdomys. A Bayesian relaxed molecular clock suggests that cladogenesis within the genus coincides with paleoclimatic changes (and the establishment of the biomes) at the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. Strong evidence was also found that the sucking louse P. arvicanthis consists of two genetically divergent lineages, which probably represent distinct species. The two lineages have sympatric distributions throughout most of the sampled range across the various host species and also occasionally occur sympatrically on the same host individual. Further, the absence of clear morphological differences among these parasitic lineages suggests cryptic speciation. Limited phylogeographic congruence was observed among the two P. arvicanthis lineages and the various Rhabdomys species and co-phylogenetic analyses indicated limited co-divergence with several episodes of host-switching, despite the documented host-specificity and several other traits predicted to favour congruence and co-divergence. Also, despite the comparatively smaller effective population sizes and elevated mutational rates found for P. arvicanthis, spatial genetic structure was not more pronounced in the parasite lineages compared to the hosts. These findings may be partly attributed to high vagility and social behaviour of Rhabdomys, which probably promoted parasite dispersal among hosts through frequent inter-host contact. Further, the complex biogeographic history of Rhabdomys, which involved cyclic range contractions and expansions, may have facilitated parasite divergence during periods of host allopatry, and host-switching during periods of host sympatry. Intermittent contact among Rhabdomys lineages could also have prevented adaptation of P. arvicanthis to specific host lineages, thus explaining the lack of host-specificity observed in areas of host sympatry. It is thus evident that the association between Polyplax arvicanthis and Rhabdomys has been shaped by the synergistic effects of parasite traits, biogeography, and host-related factors over evolutionary time. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Binne suidelike-Afrika word die wyd-verspreide gestreepte veldmuis, Rhabdomys, onder andere deur die gasheer-spesifieke ektoparasitiese luis, Polyplax arvicanthis, geparasitiseer. Die huidige studie het hierdie parasiet-gasheer interaksie vanuit ‘n filogenetiese en filogeografiese oogpunt ondersoek deur van beide mitokondriale en nukluêre merkers gebruik te maak. Die bevindinge dui op die bestaan van vier spesies binne Rhabdomys, waaronder drie nuwe genetiese groepe binne die voorheen erkende R. pumilio asook R. dilectus. Hierdie spesies het nie-oorvleulende geografiese verspreidings binne spesefieke plantegroei biome met twee geidentifiseerde areas van simpatriese voorkoms by bioom grense. Ekologiese nis modellering ondersteun ‘n sterk korrelasie tussen biome en die verspreiding van die evolusionêre groepe binne Rhabdomys. ‘n Bayesiaanse verslapte molekulêre klok dui daarop dat kladoginese binne die genus gedurende paleoklimatiese veranderinge, wat tot die totstandkoming van die huidige biome gelei het, by die Mioseen-Plioseen grens plaasgevind het. Sterk bewyse is ook gevind dat die parasitiese luis P. arvicanthis uit twee geneties verskillende groepe, wat heel moontlik afsonderlike spesies verteenwoordig, bestaan. Hierdie genetiese groepe het simpatriese verspreidings oor meeste van die gebestudeerde geografiese area op die verskeie gasheer spesies en mag ook soms simpatries op dieselfde gasheer individu voorkom. Verder dui die afwesigheid van duidelike morfologiese verskille tusssen die parasiet genetiese groepe op moontlike kriptiese spesiasie. Beperkte filogeografiese ooreenstemming is tussen die P. arvicanthis genetiese groepe en die Rhabdomys spesies waargeneem en die vergelykende-filogenetiese analises het aangedui dat daar beperkte gesementlike-divergensie plaasgevind het met verskeie episodes van gasheer-wisseling, ten spyte van die gasheer-spesifieke aard van die parasiete asook verskeie ander kenmerke wat veronderstel is om filogeografiese ooreenstemming en gesementlike-divergensie te bevorder. Ten spyte van die vergelykbaar kleiner effektiewe bevolking groottes en verhoogde mutasie tempo wat vir P. arvicanthis gevind is, is die geografiese genetiese struktuur nie meer gedifferensieёrd in die parasiet groepe as in die gasheer nie. Hierdie bevindinge mag deels verklaar word deur die hoё beweeglikheid asook die sosiale gedrag van Rhabdomys, wat waarskynlik parasiet beweging tussen gashere bevorder deur gereelde tussen-gasheer kontak. Die komplekse biogeografiese geskiedenis van Rhabdomys, wat sikliese inkrimping en uitsetting van die geografiese verspreiding behels het, het heel moontlik parasiet divergensie tydens tydperke van gasheer allopatrie asook gasheer-wisseling tydens tydperke van gasheer simpatrie, gefasiliteer. Tussentydse kontak tussen Rhabdomys genetiese groepe kon aanpassing van P. arvicanthis tot sekere gasheer genetiese groepe verhoed het en verklaar dus die afwesigheid van waargenome gasheer-spesifisiteit in areas van gasheer simpatrie. Dit is dus duidelik dat die assosiasie tussen P. arvicanthis en Rhabdomys deur die sinergistiese uitwerking van parasiet kenmerke, biogeografie, asook gasheer-verwante faktore oor evolusionêre tyd gevorm is. / National Research Foundation (NRF)

Bat flies (Streblidae) are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of bats that display varying degrees of host specificity. A total of 265 streblid bat flies were collected from 122 bats belonging to the families Phyllostomidae and Natalidae from Utila, the smallest bay island of Honduras. Out of four host-parasite associations, three were considered primary. Out of the three bat species analyzed, one had significantly lower parasite prevalence and another had significantly higher parasite load and intensity. Both male and female bats were equally likely to be infested and variables of parasite density did not differ amongst host sex for any species. However, one species of bat had a significantly larger number of male parasites than female parasites. No significant relationships were found between variables of parasite density and host body mass or bat health (indicated by the ratio of mass to forearm length). The roosting ecology of the two cave roosting species in the study was considered and despite no apparent lack of dispersal barriers, the bat flies exhibited consistent primary associations. Examination of similar host-parasite relationship has many implications in parasite-host relationships and coevolution.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--York University, 2003. Graduate Programme in Biology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-84). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ82961.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 evora_pm_me_jabo.pdf: 744641 bytes, checksum: a5e0ac8088bb4b297b55998c84f9c100 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Resultados no Brasil demonstraram, ao contrário de laboratórios dos EUA e Japão, que o cão doméstico não desenvolve resistência ao carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Além disso, populações de R. sanguineus do Brasil e da Argentina apresentam diferenças biológicas, morfológicas e genéticas marcantes sendo a primeira mais próxima filogeneticamente do R. turanicus da África e a segunda do R. sanguineus da Europa, o que explicaria, em parte, as diferenças citadas acima. Objetivou-se investigar, de forma comparativa, possível aquisição de resistência em cães domésticos após três infestações sucessivas com R. sanguineus, linhagens Brasil e Argentina. Cães domésticos da raça Dachshund, machos e fêmeas, de três meses a um ano de idade, “naive”, foram utilizados como hospedeiros. Os cães (n= 10) foram distribuídos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) com cinco animais cada e infestados três vezes com R. sanguineus: G1- linhagem brasileira, e G2- linhagem argentina. Avaliaram-se: parâmetros biológicos dos carrapatos, histopatologia dos sítios de fixação na 1a e 3a infestações e titulação de anticorpos séricos dos cães pelo teste ELISA. Resultados dos parâmetros biológicos indicaram melhor desempenho alimentar e reprodutivo das teleóginas após infestações sucessivas, em ambos os grupos. Biópsias do sitio de fixação dos carrapatos revelaram, em ambos os grupos, infiltrado inflamatório com predomínio de células mononucleares 24 horas pós- liberação dos carrapatos e predominantemente neutrofílico em todas as infestações na 48a, 72a e 144a horas pós-liberação. O teste ELISA revelou baixa produção de anticorpos séricos no G2, em infestações sucessivas, e maior produção pós-segunda e terceira infestações no G1. Também demonstrou... / Contrarily to that observed in U.S.A and Japan, previous results from Brazil have shown that domestic dogs do not develop resistance to the dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In addition, populations of R. sanguineus from Brazil and Argentina have biological, morphological and genetic differences, being the first phylogenetically closest to R. turanicus from Africa and the second to R. sanguineus from Europe, what could explain, at least in part, the differences reported above. The aim now was to investigate, in a comparative way, the possible acquisition of resistance in domestic dogs after three successive infestations with R. sanguineus ticks, Brazil and Argentina strains. For this, “naive” domestic dogs of the breed Dachshund, males and females, aged three months to one year were used. The hosts (n = 10) were divided into two groups with five animals each, infested thrice with R. sanguineus: G1- Brazil strain; G2- Argentina strain. It was evaluated: i. biological parameters of ticks in each infestation; ii. histopathology of their fixation sites in different times (24, 48, 72 and 144 hours) post-tick release in the 1st and 3rd infestations, including inflammatory cell counting; iii. titration of dog sera antibodies by ELISA. Results of the biological parameters indicated better engorged females feeding and reproductive performances after successive infestations in both groups. Biopsies of the ticks´ attachment sites in the 1st and 3rd infestations revealed, in both groups, predominantly mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrates 24 hours post-tick release and predominantly neutrophylic in all infestations at 48, 72 and 144 hours post-tick release. The ELISA revealed low antibody titers in G2, in successive infestations, and increased titers post second and third infestations, in G1. It also revealed cross-reactivity between the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Gervasio Henrique Bechara / Banca: Rosangela Zacarias Machado / Banca: Jair Rodini Engracia Filho / Resumo: Resultados no Brasil demonstraram, ao contrário de laboratórios dos EUA e Japão, que o cão doméstico não desenvolve resistência ao carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Além disso, populações de R. sanguineus do Brasil e da Argentina apresentam diferenças biológicas, morfológicas e genéticas marcantes sendo a primeira mais próxima filogeneticamente do R. turanicus da África e a segunda do R. sanguineus da Europa, o que explicaria, em parte, as diferenças citadas acima. Objetivou-se investigar, de forma comparativa, possível aquisição de resistência em cães domésticos após três infestações sucessivas com R. sanguineus, linhagens Brasil e Argentina. Cães domésticos da raça Dachshund, machos e fêmeas, de três meses a um ano de idade, "naive", foram utilizados como hospedeiros. Os cães (n= 10) foram distribuídos em dois grupos (G1 e G2) com cinco animais cada e infestados três vezes com R. sanguineus: G1- linhagem brasileira, e G2- linhagem argentina. Avaliaram-se: parâmetros biológicos dos carrapatos, histopatologia dos sítios de fixação na 1a e 3a infestações e titulação de anticorpos séricos dos cães pelo teste ELISA. Resultados dos parâmetros biológicos indicaram melhor desempenho alimentar e reprodutivo das teleóginas após infestações sucessivas, em ambos os grupos. Biópsias do sitio de fixação dos carrapatos revelaram, em ambos os grupos, infiltrado inflamatório com predomínio de células mononucleares 24 horas pós- liberação dos carrapatos e predominantemente neutrofílico em todas as infestações na 48a, 72a e 144a horas pós-liberação. O teste ELISA revelou baixa produção de anticorpos séricos no G2, em infestações sucessivas, e maior produção pós-segunda e terceira infestações no G1. Também demonstrou... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Contrarily to that observed in U.S.A and Japan, previous results from Brazil have shown that domestic dogs do not develop resistance to the dog tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In addition, populations of R. sanguineus from Brazil and Argentina have biological, morphological and genetic differences, being the first phylogenetically closest to R. turanicus from Africa and the second to R. sanguineus from Europe, what could explain, at least in part, the differences reported above. The aim now was to investigate, in a comparative way, the possible acquisition of resistance in domestic dogs after three successive infestations with R. sanguineus ticks, Brazil and Argentina strains. For this, "naive" domestic dogs of the breed Dachshund, males and females, aged three months to one year were used. The hosts (n = 10) were divided into two groups with five animals each, infested thrice with R. sanguineus: G1- Brazil strain; G2- Argentina strain. It was evaluated: i. biological parameters of ticks in each infestation; ii. histopathology of their fixation sites in different times (24, 48, 72 and 144 hours) post-tick release in the 1st and 3rd infestations, including inflammatory cell counting; iii. titration of dog sera antibodies by ELISA. Results of the biological parameters indicated better engorged females feeding and reproductive performances after successive infestations in both groups. Biopsies of the ticks' attachment sites in the 1st and 3rd infestations revealed, in both groups, predominantly mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltrates 24 hours post-tick release and predominantly neutrophylic in all infestations at 48, 72 and 144 hours post-tick release. The ELISA revealed low antibody titers in G2, in successive infestations, and increased titers post second and third infestations, in G1. It also revealed cross-reactivity between the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T07:54:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_DaviLimade_M.pdf: 2408222 bytes, checksum: 9af11ecabbb506996c379bb08f1ec2e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Foi analisado um total de 51 exemplares dos quais cinco não apresentaram ácaros. A identificação foi realizada por meio de chaves taxonômicas de espécies de ácaros e literatura específica. Ácaros pertencentes às seguintes subordens foram identificados: Astigmata - Analgidae: Diplaegidia columbae Buchholz 1869; Diplaegidia columbigallinae Cerný, 1975; Dermoglyphidae: Dermoglyphus giganteus Dabert & Ehrnsberger 1993; Falculiferidae: Byersalges phyllophorus Gaud & Barré, 1988; Byersalges talpacoti Cerný, 1975; Falculifer sp. Railliet, 1896; Laminosioptidae: Fainocoptes sp. Lukoschus & Lombert, 1979; e uma espécie não identificada de Pyroglyphidae; Mesostigmata - Macronyssidae: Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888). Prostigmata - Cheyletiellidae: Ornithocheylletia columbigallinae Fain & Bochkov, 2002; Syringophilidae: Castosyringophilus mucuya (Casto, 1980); Ereynetidae: Ophthalmophagus striatus (Crossley, 1952); e uma espécie não identificada de Harpirhynchidae. Essa foi a primeira observação de Columbina talpacoti como hospedeiro de Falculifer sp., D. giganteus, D. columbae, Fainocoptes sp., O. bursa, O. columbigallinae, O. striatus, Harpirhynchidae sp. e Pyroglyphidae sp. / Abstract: Was analyzed a total of 51 specimens and five showed no mites. The identification was performed using taxonomic keys of mites and specifies literature. Mites belong to the following sub-orders were identified: Astigmata - Analgidae: Diplaegidia columbae Buchholz 1869; Diplaegidia columbigallinae Cerny, 1975; Dermoglyphidae: Dermoglyphus giganteus Dabert & Ehrnsberger 1993; Falculiferidae: Byersalges phyllophorus Gaud & Barré, 1988; Byersalges talpacoti Cerny, 1975; Falculifer sp. Railliet, 1896; Laminosioptidae: Fainocoptes sp. Lukoschus & Lombert, 1979 and an unidentified species of Pyroglyphidae; Mesostigmata - Macronyssidae: Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888). Prostigmata - Cheyletiellidae: Ornithocheylletia columbigallinae Fain & Bochkov, 2002; Syringophilidae: Castosyringophilus Mucuya (Casto, 1980); Ereynetidae: Ophthalmophagus striatus (Crossley, 1952), and an unidentified species of Harpirhynchidae. This was the first observation of Columbina talpacoti as host of Falculifer sp., D. giganteus, D. columbae, Fainocoptes sp., O. bursa, O. columbigallinae, O. striatus, Harpirhynchidae sp. and Pyroglyphidae sp. / Mestrado / Parasitologia / Mestre em Parasitologia

Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T06:19:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goulart_ThaisMarchi_M.pdf: 2829371 bytes, checksum: dfa29045423465c507fdca66a095307f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou o levantamento e a complementação das poucas informações sobre as espécies de ácaros associados à Zenaida auriculata na região de Campinas, SP [(Campinas (22°49'11''S, 47°4'12''O, alt.604m), Valinhos (22°58'14"S, 47°59'45"O, alt. 660m), Jaguariúna (22° 42' 20''S, 46° 59' 09''O, alt. 584m), Santa Bárbara D'oeste (22°45'13"S, 47°24'49"O, alt. 565m)] e em outras localidades como Ourinhos (22°58'44"S, 49°52'14"O, alt. 483m). No total foram analisadas 54 amostras, sendo que em 10 delas, não foram encontrados ácaros. Como resultado, obtivemos representantes das seguintes subordens: Astigmata: Falculiferidae - Falculifer isodontus Gaud & Barré, 1992; Byersalges talpacoti Cerný, 1975; Pterophagus spilosikyus Gaud & Barré, 1992; Dermoglyphidae - Dermoglyphus columbae Sugimoto, 1941; Analgidae: Diplaegidia columbae Buchholz, 1869; Diplaegidia columbigallinae Cerný, 1975; Epidermoptidae não identificado; Pyroglyphidae não identificado; Hypoderatidae: Hypodectes propus (Nitzch, 1861); Prostigmata - Cheyletiellidae: Ornithocheyletia columbigallinae Fain & Bochkov, 2002; Cheyletidae não identificado; Syringophilidae: Meitingsunes zenadourae Clark 1964; Mesostigmata - Macronyssidae: Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888); Rhinonyssidae: Tinaminyssus zenaidurae (Crossley, 1952). As ocorrências de H. propus (deutoninfas parasitas subcutâneas), B. talpacoti, T. zenaidurae, P. spilosikyus, O. columbigallinae, O. bursa, Dermoglyphus columbae são relatadas pela primeira vez nos adultos deste hospedeiro. Foram encontradas 14 spp. de ácaros, distribuídas em: Astigmata 9, Prostigmata 3 e Mesostigmata 2. Sendo 1 sp.do aparelho respiratório; 4 spp. da pele; 2 spp nidícolas, uma delas hematófaga; 2 spp. calamícolas; 5 spp. plumícolas. O material testemunho foi depositado na coleção do Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, além das fotografias dos ninhos, das aves e dos ácaros (coleção virtual) / Abstract: This study aimed to add information on the species of mites associated with Zenaida auriculata in the region of Campinas, SP. [(Campinas (22°49'11''S, 47°4'12''W, alt.604m), Valinhos (22°58'14"S, 47°59'45"W, alt. 660m), Jaguariúna (22° 42' 20''S, 46° 59' 09''W, alt. 584m), Santa Bárbara D'oeste (22°45'13"S, 47°24'49"W, alt. 565m)] and in Ourinhos (22°58'44"S, 49°52'14"O, alt. 483m). A total of 54 samples were examined, and mites were found on 44 of them. We found representatives from the following taxa: Astigmata: Falculiferidae - Falculifer isodontus Gaud & Barré, 1992, Byersalges talpacoti Cerný, 1975; Pterophagus spilosikyus Gaud & Barré, 1992; Dermoglyphidae - Dermoglyphus columbae Sugimoto, 1941; Analgidae: Diplaegidia columbae Buchholz, 1869; Diplaegidia columbigallinae Cerný, 1975; an unidentified Epidermoptidae; an unidentified Pyroglyphidae; Hypoderatidae: Hypodectes propus (Nitzch, 1861); Prostigmata - Cheyletiellidae: Ornithocheyletia columbigallinae Fain & Bochkov 2002; an unidentified Cheyletidae; Syringophilidae Meitingsunes zenadourae (Clark, 1964); Mesostigmata - Macronyssidae: Ornithonyssus bursa (Berlese, 1888); Rhinonyssidae: Tinaminyssus zenaidurae (Crossley, 1952). The occurrence of Hypodectes propus (subcutaneous deutonymphs parasites), B. talpacoti, T. zenaidurae, P. spilosikyus, O. columbigallinae, O. bursa and Dermoglyphus columbae are reported for the first time in the adult form of this host. Fourteen species of mites were found, distributed as follow: Astigmata 9, Prostigmata 3 e Mesostigmata 2. One species was of respiratory system; four of skin; two was nidiculous, but only one was hematophagous; two of quill mites; five were feather mites. Voucher specimens were deposited at a collection of Department of Animal Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, in addition to photographs of nests, birds and mites (virtual collection) / Mestrado / Parasitologia / Mestre em Parasitologia