京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21156号 / 農博第2282号 / 新制||農||1059(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H30||N5130(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉村 剛, 教授 杉山 淳司, 教授 本田 与一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 M33 / Master of Science

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-16T18:15:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 valeriademello.pdf: 1398962 bytes, checksum: 8f98bff81bd61634bb2f3b2081f6a2db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T12:40:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 valeriademello.pdf: 1398962 bytes, checksum: 8f98bff81bd61634bb2f3b2081f6a2db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T12:40:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 valeriademello.pdf: 1398962 bytes, checksum: 8f98bff81bd61634bb2f3b2081f6a2db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O carrapato dos bovinos, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini 1887) é responsável por sérios prejuízos à pecuária brasileira, considerando-se os custos do controle, perda de receita devido a menor produção de leite e carne, danos ao couro, além da transmissão de doenças. A utilização de plantas medicinais é considerada uma alternativa a resistência recorrente aos produtos químicos. Diante da necessidade de alternativas eficazes e com menores impactos ambientais o objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver formulações de contato contendo os óleos essenciais das plantas Citronela-de-Java (Cymbopogon winterianus), Cravo-da-índia (Syzygium aromaticum) e Alecrim-da-horta (Rosmarinus officinalis) e avaliar in vitro os efeitos acaricidas em diferentes etapas do ciclo do carrapato. Para tanto foram utilizadas concentrações que variaram de 0,5 – 15,0% dos óleos essenciais incorporados nas formulações. Os carrapatos provenientes de diferentes regiões geográficas foram tratados com as formulações e avaliados os efeitos das mesmas sobre o índice de produção de ovos, a eclosão larval e a eficácia carrapaticida. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com produtos acaricidas comerciais. Após o 20º dia do tratamento as formulações contendo o óleo essencial de citronela tiveram eficácia acaricida entre 2,09 – 55,51%, com o óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia, 92,47 - 100% e 26,44 - 40,78% com o óleo essencial de alecrim. Na associação dos óleos essenciais obteve-se eficiência de 84,68 – 90,73% para a associação do cravo-da-índia com o óleo essencial de citronela e 30,54 – 64,25% na associação de citronela com o alecrim. Os resultados demonstraram a atividade carrapaticida das formulações testadas, quando comparadas com os produtos químicos utilizados pelos produtores. Estudos in vivo necessitam ser realizados para validar a eficiência das formulações em condições de campo, visando a utilização desses produtos como uma alternativa para o controle do carrapato bovino. / The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini 1887) is responsible for serious losses to Brazilian cattle, considering the costs of control, loss of revenue due to lower production of milk and meat, leather damage, beyond the transmission of diseases. The use of medicinal plants is considered an alternative to the applicant chemical resistance. Facing the necessity to effective alternatives with lower environmental impacts, the objective of this study was to develop contacts´ formulations containing essential oils of Citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus), Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) plants and evaluate in vitro acaricidal effects on different stages of the cycle of the tick. For this purpose, concentrations were used ranging from 0.5 - 15.0% of essential oils incorporated into the formulations. Ticks from different geographic regions were treated with the formulations and their effects on the rate of egg production, larval hatching and its efficiency on ticks were evaluated. The results were compared with chemistry acaricidal products. After the 20th day of treatment formulations containing the citronella´s essential oil had acaricidal efficacy between 2.09 to 55.51 %, with the clove´s essential clove, 92.47 to 100% and 26.44 to 40,78 % with rosemary´s essential oil. The association of clove essential oil with citronella essential oil obtained efficiency from 84.68 to 90.73% and for the association of citronella oil with rosemary oil, was 30.54 to 64.25%. The results showed the acaricidal activity of the tested formulations when compared to the chemicals acaricidal products. In vivo studies need to be conducted to validate the efficiency of the formulations under field conditions in order to use these products as an alternative for the control of cattle tick.

Trygonorrhina fasciata (Rhinobatidae) specimens naturally infected by three monogenean species were captured and maintained in marine aquaria to promote a continuous parasite load. Monogenean eggs recovered from aquaria provided larvae for descriptions and life history experiments. I describe the adult, larva and post-larval development of a new species of hexabothriid, Branchotenthes octohamatus, from the gills. This is the first monogenean larva described with only eight hooklets. This character may be useful to help resolve problematic relationships within the Hexabothriidae and offers insight into more general hypotheses about relationships within the Monogenea. I also redescribe the adult of Calicotyle australis (Monocotylidae) from the cloaca and describe the larva. The number and arrangement of larval ciliated epidermal cells and sensilla was revealed using silver nitrate. I redescribe Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae (Microbothriidae) adults from the skin of T. fasciata, representing a new host and locality record. Larval anatomy and post-larval development are also documented. The presence of six needle-like spicules in the larval haptor is confirmed, supporting an earlier theory that spicules are ancestral vestiges. My studies revealed three different egg hatching, host finding strategies and larval ‘types’. Branchotenthes octohamatus has a ‘sit-and-wait’ strategy, entirely dependent on mechanical disturbance to stimulate eggs to hatch. Larvae are unciliated, cannot swim, lack pigmented eyespots and show no photo-response but may survive for more than two days after hatching at 22ºC. In contrast, eggs of C. australis hatch spontaneously with a strong diurnal rhythm in the first few hours of daylight when exposed to a LD12:12 illumination regime. Larvae are ciliated and can swim, have pigmented eyespots, are photo-positive and can remain active and survive for up to 24 h after hatching at 22ºC. Eggs of P. aptychotremae may have a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy. Some eggs hatch spontaneously and rhythmically in an LD12:12 regime during the last few hours of daylight but their low hatching success rate suggests that other eggs may require a different cue provided by the host. Larvae are ciliated, can swim, lack pigmented eyespots, show no photo-response and remain active for only a few hours at 22ºC. Experiments using the fluorescent dye, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) revealed B. octohamatus on gills of T. fasciata within 30 min of exposure to the host. This provides strong evidence that larvae invade the gills directly via the host’s inhalant respiratory current and do not migrate after initial attachment elsewhere. Five rhinobatid species (Aptychotrema vincentiana, T. fasciata, Trygonorrhina sp. A, A. rostrata and Rhinobatos typus), with overlapping distributions spanning west, south and east Australian coastal waters were surveyed for monogeneans at four locations between Fremantle, Western Australia and Stradbroke Island, Queensland. Genetic homogeneity, using the mitochrondrial gene Cytochrome b (cytb) and the nuclear marker, Elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1a), was observed for all Branchotenthes and Calicotyle specimens irrespective of collection locality or rhinobatid species. Genetic homogeneity was observed for Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected in western and southern Australia. However, local genetic heterogeneity was apparent among Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected from two sympatric host species in New South Wales. Analyses revealed a highly divergent clade, indicating a morphologically cryptic, ancestral species. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1323070 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008

Trygonorrhina fasciata (Rhinobatidae) specimens naturally infected by three monogenean species were captured and maintained in marine aquaria to promote a continuous parasite load. Monogenean eggs recovered from aquaria provided larvae for descriptions and life history experiments. I describe the adult, larva and post-larval development of a new species of hexabothriid, Branchotenthes octohamatus, from the gills. This is the first monogenean larva described with only eight hooklets. This character may be useful to help resolve problematic relationships within the Hexabothriidae and offers insight into more general hypotheses about relationships within the Monogenea. I also redescribe the adult of Calicotyle australis (Monocotylidae) from the cloaca and describe the larva. The number and arrangement of larval ciliated epidermal cells and sensilla was revealed using silver nitrate. I redescribe Pseudoleptobothrium aptychotremae (Microbothriidae) adults from the skin of T. fasciata, representing a new host and locality record. Larval anatomy and post-larval development are also documented. The presence of six needle-like spicules in the larval haptor is confirmed, supporting an earlier theory that spicules are ancestral vestiges. My studies revealed three different egg hatching, host finding strategies and larval ‘types’. Branchotenthes octohamatus has a ‘sit-and-wait’ strategy, entirely dependent on mechanical disturbance to stimulate eggs to hatch. Larvae are unciliated, cannot swim, lack pigmented eyespots and show no photo-response but may survive for more than two days after hatching at 22ºC. In contrast, eggs of C. australis hatch spontaneously with a strong diurnal rhythm in the first few hours of daylight when exposed to a LD12:12 illumination regime. Larvae are ciliated and can swim, have pigmented eyespots, are photo-positive and can remain active and survive for up to 24 h after hatching at 22ºC. Eggs of P. aptychotremae may have a ‘bet-hedging’ strategy. Some eggs hatch spontaneously and rhythmically in an LD12:12 regime during the last few hours of daylight but their low hatching success rate suggests that other eggs may require a different cue provided by the host. Larvae are ciliated, can swim, lack pigmented eyespots, show no photo-response and remain active for only a few hours at 22ºC. Experiments using the fluorescent dye, 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate N-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) revealed B. octohamatus on gills of T. fasciata within 30 min of exposure to the host. This provides strong evidence that larvae invade the gills directly via the host’s inhalant respiratory current and do not migrate after initial attachment elsewhere. Five rhinobatid species (Aptychotrema vincentiana, T. fasciata, Trygonorrhina sp. A, A. rostrata and Rhinobatos typus), with overlapping distributions spanning west, south and east Australian coastal waters were surveyed for monogeneans at four locations between Fremantle, Western Australia and Stradbroke Island, Queensland. Genetic homogeneity, using the mitochrondrial gene Cytochrome b (cytb) and the nuclear marker, Elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1a), was observed for all Branchotenthes and Calicotyle specimens irrespective of collection locality or rhinobatid species. Genetic homogeneity was observed for Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected in western and southern Australia. However, local genetic heterogeneity was apparent among Pseudoleptobothrium specimens collected from two sympatric host species in New South Wales. Analyses revealed a highly divergent clade, indicating a morphologically cryptic, ancestral species. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1323070 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008