Thesis--Göttingen, 1974. / Vita.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Mark Winegardner, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of English. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 3, 2003).

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The Arabic press of the nineteenth century period has received, up to now, very little attention in the West: the same is true of the Egyptian journalist "Abd Allah al-Nadim, who became an influential figure in the Egyptian national movement. This thesis examines the part played by the press and, in particular, by al-Nadim in that movement in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. The development of the press in Egypt is traced from its beginnings at the time of the French invasion to its emergence as a popular medium of communication in Khedive Isma'il's reign. Since 'Abd Allah al-Nadim was the first Egyptian journalist to make full use of the popular press as a means of shaping public opinion, the thesis contains a detailed examination of his ideas for social and political reform and an assessment is offered of the contribution he made as a journalist, an orator and a writer to the Egyptian national movement. During the period under review, Britain came, for various reasons, to play a prominent role in Egypt's history. Accordingly, in looking for background information concerning the social and political scene in Egypt, I have paid particular attention to British official documents and correspondence in the Public Record Office. My researches have concentrated most of all on the contemporary Egyptian. records, including government reports and memoranda, the texts of laws and degrees, the recollections of individuals and, especially, newspaper files. Particularly valuable was the material in the Egyptian National Archives (Dar al-Watha'iq) relating to the period from January 1881 to September 1882, with which the name of 'Urabi is linked, and the newspaper files and other documents, including copies of most of the works of al-Nadim, which are preserved in the Egyptian National Library (Dar al-Kutub al-Misriyya).

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A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the responses of S. littoralis (Boisd) to seven plants species. Probable factors responsible for the preference for some of the food plants were determined. In multiple-choice preference tests, both 1st and 4th instar larvae preferred dicotyledonous to monocotyledonous plants. First instar larvae rejected millet. In two-choice tests using maize, millet and sorghum, the larvae always preferred maize. Studies on growth and development of the larvae on the food plants were carried out. The larvae failed to develop to the pupal stage on millet. Growth was adversely influenced on maize and sorghum. Only 7% of the neonate larvae on sorghum and 32% of the larvae on maize developed to the adult stage. Food digestion and utilisation studies indicated low food intake, digestion and utilisation of food by larvae on maize, millet and sorghum. Analysis of the plants showed that differences in the larval performances on the plants could be due to both nutritional and allelochemical factors. There were more deterrent leaf extracts in the plants that reduced larval growth. Nitrogen, amino acids and the water content of the plants were lower in the monocot than the dicot plants. The total P-450 content and larval susceptibility to insecticides were influenced by the plants fed on by the larvae. Scanning of microsomal preparations showed that the variations in the peptide profiles of the microsomes were associated with the P-450 contents of the plants. Piperonyl butoxide, barbital and ß-naphthoflavone affected feeding of the last larval instar.