Tesis voorgelê ter verwerwing van die graad Magister in Opvoedkunde in die Opvoedkunde Fakulteit van die Cape Peninsula University of Technology / Suid-Afrikaanse leerders vaar teleurstellend in lees en wiskunde gemeet aan leerders van ander lande. Die Departement van Basiese Onderwys se deurvoersyfer is baie swak en bykans die helfte van die leerders wat met hul skoolopleiding begin het, voltooi dit nie. Verskeie programme en aksies word deur die Departement van Onderwys, asook nieregeringsorganisasies geloods om hierdie probleem te bowe te kom en ook om die leerders se vordering te meet. Landelike gebiede in Suid-Afrika ondervind die grootste voorkoms van armoede en ongeletterdheid. ʼn Groot aantal leerders in landelike skole ervaar leerinperkings en benodig ekstra ondersteuning. Die internasionale en nasionale beginsel van Inklusiewe Onderwys as onderwysstelsel beveel onderwys vir almal en ouerbetrokkenheid ten sterkste aan. Hierdie studie ondersoek die ondersteuning aan ongeletterde ouers wie se kind ʼn leerinperking ervaar. ʼn Vennootskap tussen skool en huis het ʼn positiewe impak vir al die rolspelers – die skool, die leerder en die ouers. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die aard en die mate van ondersteuning, as deel van so ʼn vennootskap met ongeletterde ouers, vas te stel wanneer hul kind ʼn leerinperking ervaar, om hulle in staat te stel om hul kind tuis te kan ondersteun met sy akademie. Binne ’n interpretatiewe navorsingsparadigma is ʼn kwalitatiewe navorsingsbenadering gebruik. Data is ingesamel deur ʼn literatuuroorsig, semi-gestruktureerde individuele en fokusgroep-onderhoude, publieke dokumentasie en veldnotas. Data-analise het deur middel van ʼn induktiewe proses plaasgevind. Die navorsingsbevindinge dui daarop dat ongeletterde ouers in landelike skole beperkte ondersteuning ontvang oor hoe om hul kind met die leerinperking te help met sy struikelblok tot leer. Verskeie aanbevelings na afloop van die navorsingsbevindinge het ten doel om ongeletterde ouers van landelike skole te bemagtig om hul kind met die leerinperking te ondersteun.

Daar bestaan verskeie stressors in onderwysers se werksomgewing (Steyn & Kamper, 2006; Van den Berg, 2003). Cox (in Travers & Cooper,1996:4) noem egter dat volgehoue en voortdurende verandering, een van die grootste stressors blyk te wees. In die onderhawige studie is laerskoolonderwysers se aanpassing by veranderinge in die Suid-Afrikaanse kurrikulum ondersoek. Die navorsing het aan die hand van Interaktiewe Kwalitatiewe Analise (IKA) geskied, soos uiteengesit deur Northcutt en McCoy (2004). Die deelnemers was 14 laerskoolonderwysers wat 10-36 jaar ondervinding in die onderwys het. Die groep onderwysers het deel gevorm van ‘n gekose afdeling, op grond van wat hul in gemeen het en hoe naby hulle aan die fenomeen is, wat nagevors is. Die navorser het aan die hand van ’n gevallestudie as navorsingsontwerp en IKA as navorsingsmetode, gepoog om meer inligting rakende die navorsingsvraag in te win. Die Affiniteit Verhoudingstabel (AVD), Sistemiese Invloedsdiagram (SID) en Interverhoudingsdiagram (IRD), is gebruik en het deel gevorm van die ouditspoor. Tydens die navorsingsproses is IKA se sentrale benadering, naamlik dat deelnemers vrylik aan die navorsingsproses kan deelneem, deur die minimalisering van die invloed van die navorser en die ander deelnemers, as effektief en positief deur die navorser ervaar. Die navorser het slegs ‘n fasiliterende rol ingeneem en leiding aan die deelnemers verskaf terwyl hulle self hul data gegenereer, gegroepeer en benoem het. Deelnemers is elkeen die kans gegun om as individue hul persoonlike belewenisse en ervaring anoniem te beskryf en te benoem. Die studie demonstreer die belangrikheid van sewe konsepte, (naamlik: kurrikulum-veranderinge; onderwysers se gesindheid; negatiewe emosies en ervaringe; werkslading; groeiproses vir onderwysers; groeiproses vir kinders; en administrasie-frustrasie) in die navorsing van onderwysers se aanpassing by kurrikulumveranderinge. Die navorsing het gefokus op die invloed wat die kurrikulumveranderinge op die onderwysers en derhalwe ook op die leerders uitoefen. Msibi en Mchunu (2013:23) vestig die aandag op die belangrikheid van professionaliteit by die onderwyser en voer verder aan dat laasgenoemde die sukses van kurrikulumhervorming en ‘n algemene sistemiese verbetering van die onderwysstelsel sal bepaal. Ten spyte van die voortdurende veranderinge in die onderwysstelsel en kurrikulum, tesame met die toenemende werkslading, het die meerderheid onderwysers in die onderhawige studie steeds ’n positiewe gesindheid getoon en ook persoonlike groei beleef. Dié groep onderwysers plaas die leerders se belange en groei steeds eerste en vir hulle is dit die spil waarom alles draai. A variety of different stressors exists in the working environment of teachers (Steyn & Kamper, 2006; Van den Berg, 2003). Cox (in Travers & Cooper,1996:4), however, mentions that change and change-on-change seems to be one of the greatest stressors. In the present study, primary school teachers’ adaptation to the changes in the South African curriculum was studied. The research was conducted by the use of Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) as outlined by Northcutt and McCoy (2004). The participants consisted of 14 primary school teachers whose experience ranged from 10–36 years in the teaching profession. The group of teachers, as participants, formed a constituency based on what they have in common and how close they find themselves to the phenomenon that was being studied. By using a case study as a research design and IQA as the research method, the researcher attempted to gain more insight and information with regards to the research question. The Affinity Relationship Table (ART), Systems Influence Diagram (SID) and Interrelationship Diagram (IRD), were applied during the research and formed a part of the audit trail that is presented in the present study. During the research process, the researcher experienced the IQA’s central approach, namely that participants can freely take part in the research process by minimizing the influence of the researcher and other participants, as positive and effective. The researcher filled a facilitative role only and guided the participants while they generated, grouped and named their own data. Participants were each given the opportunity to express and name their personal experiences and opinions with regards to the phenomenon, anonymously. The present study demonstrated the importance of seven concepts (namely, curriculum changes; teachers’ attitude; negative emotions and experiences; workload; development process for teachers; development process for learners; and administration-frustration) to the study of primary teachers’ adaptation to the curriculum changes. This study focused on the influence that the curriculum changes had on the teachers and subsequently also on the learners. Msibi and Mchunu (2013:23) highlight the importance of the professionalism of the teacher and argue that the level of professionalism will determine how sucessful a curriculum reform and a general systemic improvement of the education system will be implemented. Despite the recurring changes in the education system and curriculum, together with the increasing workload, the majority of teachers in the present study still displayed a positive attitude and experienced personal growth in terms of professional development. The learners’ interest and develpment remain pivotal and are still the main goal of the participants’ practice. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Educational Psychology / MEd / unrestricted

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships in the asset-based approach. This study forms part of a longitudinal asset-based community intervention research project. A qualitative approach was followed, guided by a phemenological epistemology. Informed by theories on relationships, the systems theory and literature on the asset-based approach I constructed a conceptual framework on relationships in the asset-based approach. In this conceptual framework relationships within the asset-based approach were described in terms of personal needs of the individual, the influences of relationships, the nature of relationships and the context within which asset-based relationships occur. Purposeful sampling was applied to select eight educators from three schools in the communities of Soshanguve, Eersterust and Oshoek as participants. Data was collected by means of semi-structured phenomenographical interviews used together with observations (documented as visual data, field notes and personal reflections). Based on the literature review I conceptualised relationships in the asset-based approach, thus adding to the literature on relationships and on the asset-based approach. Five prominent categories of description emerged subsequent to the phenomenographic data analysis. These categories were visually presented in a phenomenographical outcome space. Teamwork emerged as the main category. The two categories care and support and communication were included in the teamwork category. The participants experienced barriers in the asset-based intervention process but overcame them in order to achieve positive changes due to relationships. This study contributed to the knowledge base of relationships in the asset-based approach. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

From its infancy, environmental psychology [which concerns itself with the coinfluencing interface between people and places] has required attention to actual context, and attention to social relevance. There has always been an emphasis on research into real problems within a context of meaningful theory, and on results which have potential not only for individuals, but also for policy-makers and those who execute that policy. This environmental psychology study is about the potential role of green open space in contributing towards quality of life in the city generally. It is also about a specific, wellloved urban open space in Namibia's capital city, Windhoek, the Avis dam environment, which is often the contentious target of proposed commercial development. At the moment, the Windhoek Municipality has no well-structured urban open space policy, and possibly also no full understanding of the meanings of the Avis dam for its users. This study hopes to make contributions to both these areas of policy-making. As the applicability of research findings to the development of public policies and community interventions depends very much on the suitability of the methodology and theories chosen (Stokols, 19911), this study begins with a discussion of systemic and ecosystemic thinking [Chapter Two]. They were chosen as the guiding metatheory for this study, not only because of their recognition of the inescapable connectedness between person and environment, but because of their personal appeal too. Chapter Three examines theories and models which are compatible with systems thinking, and which help understand the potentially positive psycho-social and socio-economic roles of urban open space generally, and how the extent of that potential in a specific open space may be appreciated and described. The implications of systemic/ecosystemic metatheory for the study's methodology and research design are discussed in Chapter Four, and the data collection methods, which comprised observation and interviewing, in Chapter Five. Ecosystemic thinkers do not believe that facts can be "found" [they are not there objectively, but co-emerge subjectively from people's individual and collective experience in a place], so Chapter Six deals with a co-emergent interpretation of the data gathered. Based on that interpretation, recommendations for urban open space policy generally, and the Avis dam environment specifically, are made in Chapter Seven. AFRIKAANS : Omgewingssielkunde (wat gemoeid is met die mede-beinvloedings tussen mense en plekke) het van sy vroegste jeug aandag benodig ten opsigte van werklike verband asook maatskaplike toepaslikheid. Daar was nog altyd klem op navorsing ten opsigte van daadwerklike probleme binne die verband van ‘n betekenisvolle teorie asook op die uitslae wat potensiaal het vir die individualis sowel as die beleidsbepalers en beleidsuitvoerders. Hierdie omgewingssielkundestudie gaan oor hoe groen oop spasies moontlik kan bydra tot kwaliteit van lewensgehalte in die stad oor die algemeen. Dit gaan ook oor ‘n besondere, geliefde stedelike oop ruimte in Namibia se hoofstad, Windhoek, nl. die Avisdamomgewing, wat voortdurend ‘n teiken is vir bedryfsontwikkeling. Tans beskik die Munisipaliteit van Windhoek nie oor ‘n welsaamgestelde beleid oor oop ruimtes nie en moontlik ontbreek ook by hulle die nodige begrip van die betekenis van die dam vir sy verbruikers. Hierdie studie be-oog om ‘n bydrae in die beleidsbepalings van altwee leemtes te lewer. Die toepaslikheid van navorsingsbevindings in die ontwikkeling van openbare beleid en gemeenskapsbemiddeling hang baie van die gepastheid van die metodologie en teorië (Stokols, 1991)2 af. Hierdie studie begin met ‘n bespreking oor sistemiese en ekosistemiese denke (Hoofstuk Twee). Hulle is as die leidende metateorieë gekies, nie alleen vir hul erkenning van die onontkombare verband tussen persone en hul omgewing nie, maar ook vir hulle persoonlike aantrekkingskrag. In Hoofstuk Drie word teorië en voorbeelde bestudeer wat verenigbaar is met sistemiese denke en wat help om die potensiële positiewe psigo-sosiale en sosio-ekonomiese rolle van stedelike oop ruimtes oor die algemeen te verstaan, asook hoe om die omvang van die potensiaal van ‘n spesifieke oop ruimte te kan waardeer en te kan beskryf. In Hoofstuk Vier word die implikasies van die sistemiese/eko-sistemiese metateorie vir hierdie studie se metodologie en navorsingsplan bespreek. Die dataversamelingsmetodes wat uit waarneming en onderhoude bestaan, word in Hoofstuk Vyf hanteer. Ekosistemiese denkers glo nie dat feite “gevind” word nie (dit is nie objektiewelik daar nie maar ontstaan subjektiewelik deur persone se individuele en gesamentlike ondervindinge van ‘n plek), dus word die vertolking van die saamgestelde data in Hoofstuk Ses bespreek. In die lig van dié vertolking word aanbevelings 2 Stokols, D. (1991). Conceptual strategies of environmental psychology. In D. Stokols& I. Altman (Eds), Handbook of environmental psychology, Vol. 1 (pp. 41-70). New York: John Wiley. vir stedelike oopruimtebeleid in die algemeen asook spesifiek vir die Avisdam omgewing in Hoofstuk Sewe hanteer. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 1998. / Psychology / unrestricted

Afrikaans text / Die doel van die studie is om buffer- en risikofaktore te verken wat ‟n rol in die ontwikkeling van gehoorgestremde kleuters kan speel. Gehoorgestremde kleuters presenteer met ‟n gehoorverlies, wat hul van normaalhorende kleuters onderskei. Tog beskik alle kleuters oor primêre behoeftes. Lewenskwaliteit word verbeter deur behoeftevervulling, wat die ontwikkelingsproses beïnvloed. Hierdie behoeftes word vervul deur die kleuter, asook faktore vanuit die omgewing. ‟n Literatuurstudie is onderneem as teoretiese raamwerk, wat teorieë omtrent die omgewing en behoeftes, buffer- en risikofaktore en kleuterontwikkeling insluit. Data is vanuit ‟n kwalitatiewe benadering ingesamel deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en ekokaarte saamgestel deur ouers van gehoorgestremde kleuters. Kontrolering en integrering van data het deur triangulering geskied. Buffer- en risikofaktore binne kleuters self, die gesin en die breër gemeenskap is verken. Die studie is verkennend en beskrywend, en toegepaste navorsing is gebruik. So is gevolgtrekkinge en aanbevelings gemaak om toepaslike ondersteuning aan ouers van gehoorgestremde kleuters te bewerkstellig. / The aim of the study is to explore the protective and risk factors that may contribute to the development of hearing-impaired toddlers. Hearing impaired toddlers present with a hearing loss, which distinguish them from toddlers with normal hearing. However, all toddlers have primary needs. Quality of life is improved by the fulfilment of needs, which influences the developmental process. These needs are fulfilled by the toddler, as well as by factors from the environment. A literature study was conducted as theoretical framework. This included theories regarding the environment and needs, protective and risk factors, and toddler development. In this qualitative study, data collection was conducted by semi-structured interviews and the compilation of ecomaps by parents of hearing impaired toddlers. Triangulation was used to verify and integrate data. Protective and risk factors were explored within the toddler, the family and the wider community. This study is exploratory and descriptive and applied research was used. In this way conclusions and recommendations were made to provide appropriate support to parents of hearing impaired toddlers. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Spelterapie)

Afrikaans text / Die doel van die studie is om buffer- en risikofaktore te verken wat ‟n rol in die ontwikkeling van gehoorgestremde kleuters kan speel. Gehoorgestremde kleuters presenteer met ‟n gehoorverlies, wat hul van normaalhorende kleuters onderskei. Tog beskik alle kleuters oor primêre behoeftes. Lewenskwaliteit word verbeter deur behoeftevervulling, wat die ontwikkelingsproses beïnvloed. Hierdie behoeftes word vervul deur die kleuter, asook faktore vanuit die omgewing. ‟n Literatuurstudie is onderneem as teoretiese raamwerk, wat teorieë omtrent die omgewing en behoeftes, buffer- en risikofaktore en kleuterontwikkeling insluit. Data is vanuit ‟n kwalitatiewe benadering ingesamel deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en ekokaarte saamgestel deur ouers van gehoorgestremde kleuters. Kontrolering en integrering van data het deur triangulering geskied. Buffer- en risikofaktore binne kleuters self, die gesin en die breër gemeenskap is verken. Die studie is verkennend en beskrywend, en toegepaste navorsing is gebruik. So is gevolgtrekkinge en aanbevelings gemaak om toepaslike ondersteuning aan ouers van gehoorgestremde kleuters te bewerkstellig. / The aim of the study is to explore the protective and risk factors that may contribute to the development of hearing-impaired toddlers. Hearing impaired toddlers present with a hearing loss, which distinguish them from toddlers with normal hearing. However, all toddlers have primary needs. Quality of life is improved by the fulfilment of needs, which influences the developmental process. These needs are fulfilled by the toddler, as well as by factors from the environment. A literature study was conducted as theoretical framework. This included theories regarding the environment and needs, protective and risk factors, and toddler development. In this qualitative study, data collection was conducted by semi-structured interviews and the compilation of ecomaps by parents of hearing impaired toddlers. Triangulation was used to verify and integrate data. Protective and risk factors were explored within the toddler, the family and the wider community. This study is exploratory and descriptive and applied research was used. In this way conclusions and recommendations were made to provide appropriate support to parents of hearing impaired toddlers. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Spelterapie)

Afrikaans text / In this study, the reasons for the phenomenon of continuous loyalty towards and hero worship of incapable parents are investigated. Case studies with a qualitative and quantitative research paradigm were completed on two adolescents. Media that was used to collect data include: interviews, Kinetic Family Drawing, Sacks Incomplete Sentence Test and the High School Personality Questionnaire. The findings of this study indicate that there are certain factors that are typical traits of incapable parenthood. Adolescents deal with this child-parent relationship through rationalisation and defence. The result is a feeling of inferiority, poor self-image and behavioural patterns that are aimed at satisfying the parents and receiving in turn, positive feedback. This study supplies answers to parents and individuals in the educational-psychological field in understanding the adolescent in such situations. Further research is however necessary to gain information about this phenomenon in order to be able to substantiate the findings. / In hierdie studie is die redes vir die verskynsel van lojaliteit teenoor, en heldeverering vir ontoereikende ouers ondersoek. `n Gevallestudie, met `n kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is op twee adolessente gedoen. Die media waarmee die data ingesamel is sluit in: onderhoudvoering, Kinetiese Gesinstekening, Sacks Onvoltooide Sinnetoets en die Hoërskoolpersoonlikheidsvraelys. Die bevindings van hierdie studie toon aan dat daar sekere faktore is wat kenmerkend van ontoereikende ouerskap is. Adolessente spreek hierdie ouer-kind-verhouding aan deur rasionalisasie en verdediging. Die gevolg is `n gevoel van minderwaardigheid en `n swak selfbeeld, asook gedrag wat daarop gerig word om die ouers tevrede te stel en positiewe terugvoer van hulle af te kry. Hierdie studie bied antwoorde aan ouers en persone in die opvoedkundige-sielkunde praktyk oor hoe om adolessente in sulke situasies te verstaan. Verdere navorsing is egter nodig om inligting oor dié verskynsel te bekom en sodoende bevindings te kan veralgemeen. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

Afrikaans text / In this study, the reasons for the phenomenon of continuous loyalty towards and hero worship of incapable parents are investigated. Case studies with a qualitative and quantitative research paradigm were completed on two adolescents. Media that was used to collect data include: interviews, Kinetic Family Drawing, Sacks Incomplete Sentence Test and the High School Personality Questionnaire. The findings of this study indicate that there are certain factors that are typical traits of incapable parenthood. Adolescents deal with this child-parent relationship through rationalisation and defence. The result is a feeling of inferiority, poor self-image and behavioural patterns that are aimed at satisfying the parents and receiving in turn, positive feedback. This study supplies answers to parents and individuals in the educational-psychological field in understanding the adolescent in such situations. Further research is however necessary to gain information about this phenomenon in order to be able to substantiate the findings. / In hierdie studie is die redes vir die verskynsel van lojaliteit teenoor, en heldeverering vir ontoereikende ouers ondersoek. `n Gevallestudie, met `n kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is op twee adolessente gedoen. Die media waarmee die data ingesamel is sluit in: onderhoudvoering, Kinetiese Gesinstekening, Sacks Onvoltooide Sinnetoets en die Hoërskoolpersoonlikheidsvraelys. Die bevindings van hierdie studie toon aan dat daar sekere faktore is wat kenmerkend van ontoereikende ouerskap is. Adolessente spreek hierdie ouer-kind-verhouding aan deur rasionalisasie en verdediging. Die gevolg is `n gevoel van minderwaardigheid en `n swak selfbeeld, asook gedrag wat daarop gerig word om die ouers tevrede te stel en positiewe terugvoer van hulle af te kry. Hierdie studie bied antwoorde aan ouers en persone in die opvoedkundige-sielkunde praktyk oor hoe om adolessente in sulke situasies te verstaan. Verdere navorsing is egter nodig om inligting oor dié verskynsel te bekom en sodoende bevindings te kan veralgemeen. / Further Teacher Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)