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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Seismic Performance Analysis of Fill Dams Using Velocity Based Space-Time Finite Element Method / 速度型Space-Time有限要素法によるフィルダム耐震性能照査

Sakai, Kotaro 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23239号 / 農博第2446号 / 新制||農||1083(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5329(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 村上 章, 教授 藤原 正幸, 教授 渦岡 良介 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
42

Application des approches d'homogénéisation à l'étude des propriétés thermo-hydro-mécaniques des roches. Application aux argilites / Application of homogenization approaches to the study of the thermo-hydro-mechanical properties of rocks. Application to argilites

Do, Duc Phi 28 November 2008 (has links)
Le présent travail est consacré à l'étude du comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique linéaire et non linéaire des roches poreuses de type argilites par approche de changement d'échelle. A partir des observations microstructurales de ces matériaux, un modèle conceptuel a été proposé. Dans ce modèle, le volume élémentaire représentatif du milieu hétérogène est composé d'une phase matricielle argileuse contenant des inclusions sphériques de minéraux de quartz et de calcite et des inclusions ellipsoïdales aplaties représentant l'espace poreux. Dans un premier temps, le procédé de la modélisation a été exploité par la détermination des propriétés effectives isotropes et isotrope transverses des argilites : la conductivité thermique et les propriétés thermo-hydro-mécanique croisées. En outre, de nombreuses études numériques ont mis en évidence l'influence de la morphologie de l'espace poreux, de la minéralogie et des schémas d'estimation sur les résultats prédictifs. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons modélisé le comportement mécanique non linéaire (élasto-plastique, élasto-viscoplastique) des roches argileuses. La comparaison entre les simulations numériques et les résultats expérimentaux disponibles (essai de compression triaxiale, essai de fluage) a confirmé la validation du modèle développé / The present work deals with the linear and non-linear thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of porous rocks such as the argillite by the multiscale modelling approach. Based on microstructure observations, a conceptual model was proposed. In this model, the representative elementary volume of a heterogeneous medium is composed of an argillaceous matrix containing spherical inclusions of minerals quartz and calcite and ellipsoidal inclusions representing the pore space. In a first step, the process of modelling has been exploited by determining the isotropic and transversely isotropic effective properties of the argillite: thermal conductivity and thermo-hydro-mechanical properties. Furthermore, many numerical studies have highlighted the influence of the morphology of the pore space, of the mineralogy and of the estimate schemes to the predictive results. In a second step, we modelled the non linear mechanical behaviour (elasto-plastic, elasto-viscoplastic) of argillaceous rocks. The comparison between numerical simulations and available experimental results (triaxial compression test, creep test) confirmed the validation of the model developed
43

Damage mechanism related to plasticity around heterogeneous inclusions under rolling contact loading in hybrid bearings ceramic/steel / Étude des mécanismes d'endommagement liés à la présence d'hétérogénéités dans un contact élasto-plastique, hybride céramique/acier

Amuzuga, Kwassi 16 December 2016 (has links)
La durée de vie des pièces mécaniques en contact est fortement affectée par la présence d'hétérogénéités dans le matériau, comme des renforts (fibres, particules), des précipités, des porosités, ou encore des fissures. Des hétérogénéités dures et de formes complexes peuvent créer des surcontraintes locales, initiatrices de fissures par fatigue à proximité de la surface de contact. Une analyse quantitative des surcontraintes créées par les hétérogénéités est nécessaire à la compréhension des mécanismes d'endommagement. Cette étude s'applique à des roulements de ligne d'arbre qui font partie des éléments critiques de moteurs en aéronautique. Elle vise à déterminer précisément la distribution du champ de pression sur l'aire effective de contact et à prédire le profil et l'évolution des champs de contraintes/déformations à chaque passage de la charge sur un volume élémentaire représentatif prenant en compte le gradient de dureté, la présence de carbures et l'existence des contraintes initiales d'origine thermochimique. Une partie de l’étude est consacrée au développement d’un solveur du problème de contact roulant élasto-plastique avec présence d’hétérogénéité par les méthodes semi analytiques assurant un excellent gain en temps et ressources de calculs. Ensuite, un algorithme homogénéisation a été conçu pour analyser le comportement effectif d’un massif élasto-plastique hétérogène sous indentation. Enfin une partie expérimentale est dédiée à la caractérisation microstructurale des aciers étudiés dans le but de déterminer leurs propriétés. Les analyses des résultats de cette étude concourent à soutenir que bien que les inclusions de particules non métalliques soient responsables de la haute résistance de ces matériaux, certaines d’entre elles (celles de longueur dépassant les dizaines de micromètre ou celles qui forment des chaines dans une direction particulière) deviennent, au cours des cycles de fatigue, les principales sources d’endommagement depuis l’échelle locale jusqu’à la rupture globale de la structure. / The lifetime of contacting mechanical parts is strongly affected by the presence of heterogeneities in their materials, such as reinforcements (fibers, particles), precipitates, porosities, or cracks. Hard heterogeneities having complex forms can create local overstress that initiating fatigue cracks near the contact surface. The presence of heterogeneities influences the physical and mechanical properties of the material at microscopic and macroscopic scales. A quantitative analysis of the over-stresses generated by heterogeneities is necessary to the comprehension of the damage mechanisms. The present study is applied to rolling bearings which are the critical elements of the aero-engine's mainshaft. The performance required for these bearings, led SKF Aerospace to introduce a new technology of hybrid bearing with ceramic rolling elements on high-strength steels having experienced a double surface treatment (carburizing followed by nitriding). The study aims to precisely determine the pressure field distribution on the effective contact area and to predict the profile and the evolution of the stress/strain fields at each loading cycle on a representative elementary volume that takes into account the gradient of hardness, the presence of carbides and the existence of an initial compressive stress from thermochemical origin. A major part of this study is devoted to develop a heterogeneous elastic-plastic rolling contact solver, by semi-analytical methods ensuring an excellent saving of calculation time and resources. Thereafter, a homogenization algorithm was built to analyze the effective behavior of a heterogeneous elastic-plastic half-space subjected to an indentation loading. Finally, an experimental part is dedicated to the microstructure characterization of the studied steels with intent to determine their properties. A description of the carbides behavior inside the matrix during micro-tensile tests was carried out under SEM in-situ observation. In the scheme of all analyses conducted in the present work, it can be argued that, although the heterogeneities (such as carbides or nitrides) are responsible for the high resistance of the studied materials, some of them (those whose length exceeds tens of micrometer or those which form stringers in a particular direction) become, over fatigue cycles, the main sources of damage, from their local scale up to the macroscopic failure of the structure.
44

Modélisation avancée du contact pneu-chaussée pour l'étude des dégradations des chaussées en surface / Advanced Modeling of Tire-Pavement Contact to Investigate Pavement Surface Degradation

Manyo, Edem Yawo 14 February 2019 (has links)
L'apparition récente de nouveaux matériaux dans les structures de chaussée associée à une diminution de l'épaisseur des couches de surface et une augmentation du chargement des poids lourds et de leur fréquence de passage a entrainé de nouvelles pathologies de dégradation. Outre les problèmes d'orniérage bien connus, apparaissent désormais des fissures descendantes (top down cracking) ainsi que des problèmes de décohésion aux interfaces. Ces nouvelles pathologies entrainent des dépenses considérables sur l'ensemble du réseau (environ 15 milliards d'euros par an), particulièrement en zones urbanisées plus sujettes aux dégradations de surface et ne permettent pas d'estimer convenablement les durées de vie de la chaussée, le plus souvent surestimée dans les méthodes de dimensionnement actuelles. Ce travail de doctorat propose une nouvelle approche du contact pneu-chaussée permettant de mieux appréhender les contraintes principales et résiduelles dans une structure de chaussée bitumineuse. A l'aide d'un outil numérique rapide de calcul basé sur une approche semi-analytique (« Semi-Analytical Methods » (SAM)), la géométrie précise du pneumatique est intégrée afin d'obtenir une répartition de pression de contact ainsi qu'un cisaillement surfacique réelle sur la chaussée. Dans un premier temps, un modèle de contact roulant tractif élastique est implémenté pour des cas théoriques simples et validé par des résultats analytiques et numériques de la littérature. Ensuite, ce modèle est étendu pour prendre en compte le comportement élasto-plastique des corps en contact. Ce dernier est comparé à un résultat numérique basé sur la méthode des éléments finis issu de la littérature. Les résultats, pour une application contact pneu-chaussée, montrent une répartition non homogène des contraintes dans la structure et principalement dans les premiers centimètres sous la surface avec des niveaux beaucoup plus importants que peuvent le prédire les modèles actuels qui utilisent une charge uniformément répartie. La pression de contact est comparée aux mesures effectuées par un système nommé TekScan et les champs mécaniques en sous couches sont comparés à ceux d'Alizé-LCPC dans le cas d'une structure simple. Les cisaillements surfaciques sont déterminés dans le cas du roulement tractif. Une application est effectuée sur la modélisation des dégradations des chaussées en surface. Dans un premier temps, des analyses sur le comportement de la chaussée en surface sont effectuées pour une couche de béton bitumineux semi grenu (BBSG) semi-infinie supposée élastique, homogène sous conditions d'accélération, de freinage et de virage. Pour des études sur le top down cracking, des déformations et directions principales sont déterminées et analysées. Ensuite, le modèle de contact élasto-plastique est appliqué sur une couche semi-infinie de grave bitume GB3. Des déformations et contraintes résiduelles générées dans la structure sont déterminées en vue d'une analyse sur les ornières d'instabilité. Une fois validés, ces résultats permettront d'estimer plus fidèlement la durée de vie résiduelle des chaussées mais également de comprendre et d'éviter les mécanismes de dégradation en surface ou proche de la surface. / The recent appearance of new materials in road structures associated with surface layers thickness decreasing and the increasing of trucks loading and their passage frequency has led to new pathologies of degradation. In addition to the well-known rutting problems, top down cracking is now appearing as well as problems of decohesion at the interfaces. These new pathologies led to considerable expenditure on the entire network (around 15 billion euros per year), particularly in urbanized areas that are more prone to surface damage and do not make it possible to adequately estimate the lifetimes of the roadway, most often overestimated in current design methods. This doctoral work proposes a new approach of the tire-road contact allowing for better apprehend of the main and residual stresses in a bituminous pavement structure. Using a fast numerical tool based on a semi-analytical approach ("Semi-Analytical Methods" (SAM)), the precise geometry of the tire is integrated in order to obtain a real contact pressure distribution as well as surface shear on the pavement surface. Initially, an elastic tractive rolling contact model is implemented for simple theoretical cases and validated by analytical and numerical results from the literature.Then, this model is extended to take into account the elastoplastic behavior of the bodies in contact. This is compared to a numerical result based on the nite element method from the literature. The application for tire-pavement contact results, show a non-uniform distribution of stresses in the structure and mainly in the rst centimeters below the surface with much higher levels than can be predicted by current models that use a uniformly distributed load. The contact pressure is compared to the measurements made by a system called TekScan and the mechanical elds in sublayers are compared to those of Alizé-LCPC in the case of a simple structure. The surface shears are determined in the case of tractive rolling. An application is carried out on the modeling of surface pavement damage. Firstly, analyzes of the behavior of the surface pavement are carried out for a semi-innite semi-grit asphalt concrete layer supposed to be elastic, homogeneous under conditions of acceleration, braking and turning. For studies on top down cracking, principals deformations and directions are determined and analyzed. Then, the elastoplastic contact model is applied on a semi-innite asphalt agragate layer. Deformations and residuals stresses generated in the structure are determined for an analysis on the instability ruts. Once validated, these results will make it possible to more accurately estimate the residual life of pavements but also to understand and avoid surface or near surfacedegradation mechanisms.
45

免震鋼製橋脚のハイブリッド地震応答実験手法の妥当性に関する検討

中島, 大輔, Nakajima, Daisuke, 宇佐美, 勉, Usami, Tsutomu, 葛西, 昭, Kasai, Akira, 金田一, 智章, Kindaichi, Tomoaki 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.
46

[en] APPLICATION OF THE DIC TECHNIQUE TO SPECIMENS OF DIFFERENT SHAPES, MATERIALS AND STRAIN GRADIENTS / [pt] APLICAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DIC A ESPÉCIMES COM DIFERENTES FORMAS, MATERIAIS E GRADIENTES DE DEFORMAÇÃO

LEONARDO DANTAS RODRIGUES 07 November 2018 (has links)
[pt] A técnica de correlação digital de imagens (Digital Image Correlation, DIC) é uma técnica óptica de campo global que consiste na análise de imagens da superfície de um espécime antes e após seu carregamento para determinação de campos de deslocamentos e deformações. Neste trabalho foram usados um sistema DIC estereoscópico convencional 3D, para aplicações em campos de visão (macro) da ordem de 200mmx200mm, e um sistema DIC estereomicroscópico 3D, para aplicações em áreas tão pequenas quanto 1mm quadrado. Para a análise de deformações em campos com dimensões tão diferentes precisou-se desenvolver uma metodologia para controlar parâmetros da técnica DIC, tais como dimensões de pontos (speckles) impressos no espécime e tamanhos de subsets e steps usados para a correlação das imagens captadas. A seleção dos problemas estruturais para aplicação da técnica levou em conta não só a diversidade destes, como também o pioneirismo das aplicações de DIC a problemas nos quais podem ser gerados resultados que melhor ajudem na compreensão de suas facetas específicas. Assim, a técnica foi aplicada à medição de deformações em tubos com defeitos por suas vantagens de medição de grandes deformações e de visualização de regiões de interesse, sob a forma de campos globais de deformações. Na área de determinações de propriedades mecânicas de materiais compósitos, foram realizadas medições em espécimes não convencionais de resina epóxi reforçados por fibras de carbono ou fibras de vidro para determinação de suas propriedades elásticas. Por fim, foram realizadas medições em um espécime Compact Tension Specimen CTS de aço grau API 5LX60 contendo uma trinca e em espécimes com entalhes profundos (concentrações de tensões) constituídos por materiais distintos (policarbonato e alumínio), para obtenção de campos de deslocamentos e de deformações elastoplásticas. Nestas aplicações os resultados obtidos com a técnica DIC foram comparados com aqueles obtidos com modelos de elementos finitos (EF), com medições com extensômetros de resistência elétrica (strain gages) e com resultados analíticos publicados na literatura. Levando-se em conta as comparações feitas, a grande maioria dos experimentos realizados pode ser considerada satisfatória. Ao longo da tese foram descritas as adaptações, considerações e boas práticas consideradas necessárias para obtenção de bons resultados nas diferentes medições e para os diferentes aparatos experimentais utilizados. Estas recomendações serão bastante úteis para medições futuras ou mesmo para auxiliar na avaliação de confiabilidade de alguns resultados apresentados na literatura especializada. / [en] The digital image correlation (DIC) technique is a global field optical technique that consists in the analysis of images taken from the surface of a specimen before and after being subjected to a load, in order to determine displacement and strain fields. In the current work, both conventional 3D stereoscopic and micro-stereoscopic DIC systems were used, the former for applications in macroscopic fields of view (of the order of 200mm x 200mm), and the latter for applications in surface areas as small as 1mm square. For strain analysis in fields with such varied dimensions, the development of a methodology to control some parameters of the technique was required. Among the parameters to be controlled were dimensions of speckles printed on the specimen and size of the subsets and steps used in the image correlation procedure. The selection of structural problems to be analyzed by the DIC technique took into account not only diversity, but also the pioneering aspect in terms of DIC application to problems which can generate results that lead to a better comprehension of its specific issues. Hence, the technique was applied to the measurement of global strain fields in defective tubes, due to the advantages in measuring large strains and visualizing the regions of interest in such cases. For determination of the mechanical properties of composite materials, measurements were performed in non-conventional specimens made of epoxy resin and reinforced by carbon or glass fibers for evaluation of its elastic properties. Finally, measurements in a cracked Compact Tension Specimen (CTS) with degree of steel API 5LX60 and in specimens with deep notches (stress concentration) consisting of different materials (polycarbonate and aluminum) were carried out for estimation of displacement fields and elastoplastic strains. For those applications, the results were compared with those obtained from finite element models, from strain gages, and also with analytical results from the literature. Taking into account such comparisons, it can be said that the great majority of the experimental measurements was satisfactory. Throughout the current manuscript, the required adaptations, good practices needed to achieve reliable results from the different types of measurement and experimental apparatus, as well as other considerations, were carefully described. These recommendations will be quite useful for future measurements, or even to assist in the evaluation of the reliability of certain results presented in the specialized literature.
47

Different Approaches to Model Cover-Cracking of RC Structures due to Corrosion

Roshan, Arman January 2018 (has links)
This thesis presents three different approaches to model corrosion-induced crack propagation in reinforced concrete structures. The first approach is solved numerically using finite differences to model the softening behaviour of concrete in tension. The second approach idealizes the concrete cover as either a brittle elastic or an elastoplastic material so that it may be solved using a closed-form solution. Both approaches are based on a thick-walled cylinder (TWC) analogy and consider rust compressibility and rust diffusion into cracks. The third approach uses finite element modelling to validate the application of the TWC and perform a parametric study. The results obtained using each approach are compared against each other as well as against experimental results. The TWC was found to be an appropriate analogy for the geometries and reinforcement configurations considered. Analytical models were found to provide upper and lower limits to the results based on the numerical model. The experimental data found in the literature showed reasonable agreement with predictions from the numerical and elastoplastic models.
48

Modélisation et optimisation numérique de l'emboutissage de pièces de précision en tôlerie fine / Modelisation and numerical optimisation of heigh precision thin metallic parts stamping

Azaouzi, Mohamed 11 December 2007 (has links)
Le présent travail de thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un projet industriel proposé par une entreprise luxembourgeoise et en collaboration avec le Centre de Recherche Public Henry Tudor du Luxembourg (Laboratoire des Technologies Industriels (LTI)). L’objectif consiste à mettre au point une méthode numérique de détermination de la forme des outils d’emboutissage et du flan de pièces de précision en tôlerie fine pour que ce dernier, une fois déformé en une ou plusieurs opérations, correspond à la définition tridimensionnelle du cahier des charges. La méthode a pour objectif de remplacer une démarche expérimentale coûteuse par essais–erreur. Deux démarches numériques sont proposées, la première est relative à la détermination de la forme du flan. Elle consiste à estimer la forme du flan par Approche Inverse en partant de la forme 3D demandée. Puis, un logiciel de simulation incrémental par éléments finis en 3D est utilisé dans une procédure d’optimisation heuristique pour déterminer la forme du flan. Dans la deuxième démarche, il s’agit de déterminer la forme des outils d’emboutissage en utilisant le logiciel de simulation incrémental couplé avec une méthode de compensation du retour élastique en 2D. La démarche numérique est validée expérimentalement dans le cas d’un emboutissage réalisé en une ou plusieurs passes, à l’aide d’une presse manuelle, sans serre flan et avec des outils de forme très complexe. / The present study deals with an industrial project proposed by a luxembourgian enterprise and in collaboration with the luxembourgian research centre Henry Tudor (Laboratory of Industrial Technologies (LTI)). The main objective is to build a numerical approaches for the determination of the initial blank shape contour and tools shape for 3D thin metallic precision parts obtained by stamping, knowing the 3D CAD geometry of the final part. The purpose of the present procedure is to replace the expensive and time consuming experimental trial and error optimization method. Two numerical approaches have been proposed, the first is regarding the determination of the blank shape. An estimation of the blank shape can be given using the Inverse Approach. Update of the blank shape will then be continued by iterations combining heuristic optimization algorithms and incremental stamping codes. The second approach is based on precise finite element models and on spring-back compensation algorithm. The numerical approaches are tested in the case of a special stamping process where the parts are pressed in one or more steps using a manual press, without blank holder and by the mean of complex shape tools.
49

固有周期依存型SIを用いた鋼製およびRC橋脚の弾塑性最大応答変位の推定法に関する研究

北原, 武嗣, Kitahara, Takeshi, 伊藤, 義人, Itoh, Yoshito 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.
50

Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität in Creo Simulate - Theorie und Anwendung / Basics of Elasto-Plasticity in Creo Simulate - Theory and Application

Jakel, Roland 10 May 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Der Vortrag beschreibt die Grundlagen der Elasto-Plastizität sowie die softwaretechnische Anwendung mit dem FEM-Programm Creo Simulate bzw. Pro/MECHANICA von PTC. Der erste Teil des Vortrages beschreibt die Charakteristika plastischen Verhaltens, unterschiedliche plastische Materialgesetze, Fließkriterien bei mehrachsiger Beanspruchung und unterschiedliche Verfestigungsmodelle. Im zweiten Vortragsteil werden Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Berechnung elasto-plastischer Probleme mit der Software dargestellt sowie Anwendungstipps gegeben. Im dritten Vortragsteil schließlich werden verschiedene Beispiele vorgestellt, davon besonders ausführlich das Verhalten einer einachsigen elasto-plastischen Zugprobe vor und nach dem Eintreten der Einschnürdehnung. / This presentation describes the basics of elasto-plasticity and its application with the finite element software Creo Simulate (formerly Pro/MECHANICA) from PTC. The first part describes the characteristics of plastic behavior, different plastic material laws, yield criteria for multiaxial stress states and different hardening models. In the second part, the opportunities and limitations of analyzing elasto-plastic problems with the FEM-code are described and user information is provided. The last part finally presents different examples. Deeply treated is the behavior of a uniaxial tensile test specimen before and after elongation with necking appears.

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