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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

"Qualidade de vida do idoso: construção de um instrumento de avaliação através do método do impacto clínico" / "Quality of life of the elderly: constructing an instrument for assessment by means of the clinical impact method"

Paschoal, Sergio Marcio Pacheco 02 February 2005 (has links)
Medir qualidade de vida na velhice é um processo difícil, não só por causa da complexidade e subjetividade do constructo Qualidade de Vida, mas, também, por causa da heterogeneidade da Velhice. Além disso, a dificuldade é ainda maior, pois há paucidade de instrumentos construídos especificamente para essa faixa etária, nenhum deles adaptado ao nosso contexto sócio-cultural. A construção de um instrumento é complexa e demorada. São inúmeras etapas a vencer. Previamente a esse trabalho, partindo do constructo que desejava medir, Qualidade de Vida na Velhice, o pesquisador optou por conhecer o quanto os idosos realizam do que consideram importante para suas vidas e se isso corresponde ao grau de satisfação/insatisfação com suas vidas. O valor do constructo é a diferença entre a importância atribuída a cada item e o quanto vivencia daquele item. Optou, a seguir, pela metodologia clinimétrica de construção de instrumentos, escolhendo o Método do Impacto Clínico. Depois, através de entrevistas com idosos de um programa de promoção de saúde, levantou a multidimensionalidade do constructo, os determinantes de boa e má qualidade de vida na velhice, medos e desejos, selecionando 139 itens, todos relevantes para a Qualidade de Vida na Velhice. No presente trabalho, o objetivo principal foi “construir um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida do idoso, com base em informações fornecidas pelos próprios idosos, utilizando o método do impacto clínico" e os objetivos específicos foram “conhecer a percepção de idosos em relação à valorização de temas relevantes de suas vidas e de seu processo de envelhecimento, identificar os itens mais relevantes para a Qualidade de Vida na Velhice e definir a composição multidimensional do constructo", executando, então, a redução dos itens e sua distribuição em dimensões. Realizou 193 entrevistas (71 homens e 122 mulheres), divididas em quatro cotas: idosos doentes de um ambulatório de Geriatria, idosos doentes com dificuldade de sair de casa, idosos saudáveis de grupos de terceira idade e idosos saudáveis de programa de atividade física regular. Os entrevistados avaliaram cada item em relação à importância para a qualidade de vida na velhice, numa escala de Likert de cinco pontos. Para cada item, o produto da proporção de idosos que apontaram aquele item como relevante para a qualidade de vida na velhice (freqüência) pela importância média dada àquele item (importância) resultou no impacto daquele item para a qualidade de vida do idoso. De acordo com seu escore de impacto, em ordem decrescente, elaborou-se uma lista de impacto. Para reduzir o número de itens, a fim de compor o instrumento final, foram selecionados os primeiros 46 itens, de escore mais alto. Três especialistas, ou em envelhecimento, ou em qualidade de vida, distribuíram esses itens em dimensões. Colocados os itens e as dimensões na estrutura previamente elaborada, após eliminar os itens redundantes, o resultado final compôs uma nova escala de avaliação de qualidade de vida de idosos, construída em nosso meio, segundo a opinião dos próprios idosos e que precisará, num momento posterior, ter a sua acurácia avaliada. / Measuring quality of life among the elderly is a difficult process, not only because of the complexity and subjectivity of the construct Quality of Life, but also due to the heterogeneity of Old Age. Furthermore, the difficulty is still greater, for there are few instruments constructed specifically for this age group, none of which are adapted to our socio-cultural context. Constructing an instrument is a slow and complex procedure. There are innumerous phases to be surpassed. Before initiating this study, the point of departure was the construct it intended to measure, that is, Quality of Life in Old Age. The author chose to investigate how much of what the elderly consider important in their lives they are able to carry out and whether this corresponds to the degree of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with their lives. The value of this construct is the difference between the importance attributed to each item and how much of that item is experienced in their lives. The clinimetric methodology of constructing instruments was then utilized and the Clinical Impact Method was chosen. The next step was to conduct interviews with elderly people who were participating in a program of health promotion. These interviews expressed the multidimensional aspect of the construct, the determinants of good or bad quality of life among the elderly, as well as their fears and desires. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) items were selected, all of which were relevant to Quality of Life in Old Age. In this study, the main objective was to “construct an instrument for assessing the quality of life of the elderly, based on information provided by the elderly themselves and utilizing the clinical impact method" and the specific objectives were to “become familiar with the perspective of the elderly with respect to themes which they consider relevant in their lives and in the process of growing old, identify the most relevant items for the Quality of Life in Old Age and define the multidimensional composition of the construct" executing then a reduction of these items and their distribution in dimensions. One hundred and ninety-three (193) interviews were conducted (with 71 men and 122 women), divided in four quotas: sick elderly people being treated in a Geriatric out-patient service, sick elderly people who had difficulty leaving their homes, healthy elderly people who were participating in senior groups and healthy elderly people participating in a program promoting regular physical activities. People interviewed evaluated each item with respect to its importance for the quality of life in old age in a five point Likert scale. For each item the product of the proportion of the interviewees which pointed out that item as being relevant to the quality of life in old age (frequency) times the average importance given to that item (importance) resulted in the impact of that item on the quality of life of the elderly. According to the impact score, in decreasing order, a list of impact was elaborated. In order to reduce the number of items on the list, so as to construct a final instrument, the first 46 items with the highest scores were selected. Three specialists, either in quality of life or in growing old, distributed these items in their respective dimensions. The items and the dimensions were plotted in a previously elaborated structure, after eliminating redundant items. The final result composed a new scale for evaluating quality of life among the elderly, constructed in our socio-economic and political context, according to the opinions of the elderly themselves and which would need to be evaluated for its accuracy in the future.
2

A natureza e a relação sociedade-natureza na memória de velhas professoras /

Mercadante, Marilu. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Rosa Maria Feiteiro Cavalari / Banca: Álvaro Tenca / Banca: Maria Inês Rauter Mancuso / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar, a partir da memória de velhas professoras, as concepções de natureza e de relação sociedade-natureza presentes nos depoimentos de velhas professoras da rede pública estadual de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Acreditamos que entender como determinada sociedade "torna a natureza presente" Bornheim (1985), é fundamental para a superação dos impasses gerados pela problemática ambiental. Para a realização deste trabalho, optou-se pela metodologia da história oral e constatou-se, por meio das leituras das narrativas, que as professoras entrevistadas "tornam a natureza presente" por meio de diferentes concepções. A natureza como "tudo o que existe", como "vida", uma concepção "religiosa" de natureza, a natureza como a "grande provedora de recursos naturais", a natureza como "universo", "como mãe de todas as coisas" e a natureza como aquela que "tudo recicla" são as concepções de natureza presentes nos depoimentos coletados. Várias professoras consideraram, ainda, a natureza como aquela que pode "dar respostas" e "reagir" às ações desmedidas do homem. Além disso, a natureza apareceu como aquela que deve ser preservada, pois disso depende a manutenção da nossa própria vida. No que diz respeito à relação sociedade-natureza, evidencia-se a relação conflituosa que se estabelece entre o homem e a natureza. Pode-se afirmar que, no geral, o homem foi apresentado como sendo o grande vilão, como aquele que destrói a natureza, sendo caracterizado pelas professoras, entre outras coisas, de ruim, malvado, ganancioso e ignorante. Tentar compreender como a natureza e a relação sociedade-natureza se fazem presentes na memória dessas velhas professoras permite repensar como essa relação tem sido tratada atualmente no âmbito escolar. / Abstract: This research has the objective to identify from the remembrance of old teachers the nature conceptions and nature society relation presented into the old teachers attests from the state public schools from a city in the country of São Paulo in 60's and 70's. We believe that understanding as a certain society becomes a present nature Bornheim (1985) is essential to the overcoming from the conflicts generated by the environmental problematic. To the realization of this work, it was chosen the methodology of the oral history and it was found that for the reading from the narratives that the interviewed teachers make the nature presented by different conceptions. The nature as "all that exists", as "life", a "religious" conception of nature, the nature as the "big provider of natural resources", the nature as "universe", "as the mother of all things", and the nature as one "that recycles all" are the conceptions of nature present in the collected attests. Several teachers considered, yet, the nature as one that can give answers and reacts to the men's undue actions. Besides, the nature came on as one that must be preserved, because the maintenance of our own life depends on this. According to the nature society relation, it is noticeable the conflicted relation that is established between the man and the nature. It can be affirmed, in general, that man was presented as being the big guilty, as the one who destroys the nature, being characterized by the teachers among other things, as bad, mean, greedy and ignorant. Trying to understand how the nature and the nature society relation are present in the remembrance of these old masters, allow us to think again how this relation has been currently dealt in the scholar environment. / Mestre
3

"Qualidade de vida do idoso: construção de um instrumento de avaliação através do método do impacto clínico" / "Quality of life of the elderly: constructing an instrument for assessment by means of the clinical impact method"

Sergio Marcio Pacheco Paschoal 02 February 2005 (has links)
Medir qualidade de vida na velhice é um processo difícil, não só por causa da complexidade e subjetividade do constructo Qualidade de Vida, mas, também, por causa da heterogeneidade da Velhice. Além disso, a dificuldade é ainda maior, pois há paucidade de instrumentos construídos especificamente para essa faixa etária, nenhum deles adaptado ao nosso contexto sócio-cultural. A construção de um instrumento é complexa e demorada. São inúmeras etapas a vencer. Previamente a esse trabalho, partindo do constructo que desejava medir, Qualidade de Vida na Velhice, o pesquisador optou por conhecer o quanto os idosos realizam do que consideram importante para suas vidas e se isso corresponde ao grau de satisfação/insatisfação com suas vidas. O valor do constructo é a diferença entre a importância atribuída a cada item e o quanto vivencia daquele item. Optou, a seguir, pela metodologia clinimétrica de construção de instrumentos, escolhendo o Método do Impacto Clínico. Depois, através de entrevistas com idosos de um programa de promoção de saúde, levantou a multidimensionalidade do constructo, os determinantes de boa e má qualidade de vida na velhice, medos e desejos, selecionando 139 itens, todos relevantes para a Qualidade de Vida na Velhice. No presente trabalho, o objetivo principal foi “construir um instrumento de avaliação da qualidade de vida do idoso, com base em informações fornecidas pelos próprios idosos, utilizando o método do impacto clínico” e os objetivos específicos foram “conhecer a percepção de idosos em relação à valorização de temas relevantes de suas vidas e de seu processo de envelhecimento, identificar os itens mais relevantes para a Qualidade de Vida na Velhice e definir a composição multidimensional do constructo”, executando, então, a redução dos itens e sua distribuição em dimensões. Realizou 193 entrevistas (71 homens e 122 mulheres), divididas em quatro cotas: idosos doentes de um ambulatório de Geriatria, idosos doentes com dificuldade de sair de casa, idosos saudáveis de grupos de terceira idade e idosos saudáveis de programa de atividade física regular. Os entrevistados avaliaram cada item em relação à importância para a qualidade de vida na velhice, numa escala de Likert de cinco pontos. Para cada item, o produto da proporção de idosos que apontaram aquele item como relevante para a qualidade de vida na velhice (freqüência) pela importância média dada àquele item (importância) resultou no impacto daquele item para a qualidade de vida do idoso. De acordo com seu escore de impacto, em ordem decrescente, elaborou-se uma lista de impacto. Para reduzir o número de itens, a fim de compor o instrumento final, foram selecionados os primeiros 46 itens, de escore mais alto. Três especialistas, ou em envelhecimento, ou em qualidade de vida, distribuíram esses itens em dimensões. Colocados os itens e as dimensões na estrutura previamente elaborada, após eliminar os itens redundantes, o resultado final compôs uma nova escala de avaliação de qualidade de vida de idosos, construída em nosso meio, segundo a opinião dos próprios idosos e que precisará, num momento posterior, ter a sua acurácia avaliada. / Measuring quality of life among the elderly is a difficult process, not only because of the complexity and subjectivity of the construct Quality of Life, but also due to the heterogeneity of Old Age. Furthermore, the difficulty is still greater, for there are few instruments constructed specifically for this age group, none of which are adapted to our socio-cultural context. Constructing an instrument is a slow and complex procedure. There are innumerous phases to be surpassed. Before initiating this study, the point of departure was the construct it intended to measure, that is, Quality of Life in Old Age. The author chose to investigate how much of what the elderly consider important in their lives they are able to carry out and whether this corresponds to the degree of satisfaction/dissatisfaction with their lives. The value of this construct is the difference between the importance attributed to each item and how much of that item is experienced in their lives. The clinimetric methodology of constructing instruments was then utilized and the Clinical Impact Method was chosen. The next step was to conduct interviews with elderly people who were participating in a program of health promotion. These interviews expressed the multidimensional aspect of the construct, the determinants of good or bad quality of life among the elderly, as well as their fears and desires. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) items were selected, all of which were relevant to Quality of Life in Old Age. In this study, the main objective was to “construct an instrument for assessing the quality of life of the elderly, based on information provided by the elderly themselves and utilizing the clinical impact method” and the specific objectives were to “become familiar with the perspective of the elderly with respect to themes which they consider relevant in their lives and in the process of growing old, identify the most relevant items for the Quality of Life in Old Age and define the multidimensional composition of the construct” executing then a reduction of these items and their distribution in dimensions. One hundred and ninety-three (193) interviews were conducted (with 71 men and 122 women), divided in four quotas: sick elderly people being treated in a Geriatric out-patient service, sick elderly people who had difficulty leaving their homes, healthy elderly people who were participating in senior groups and healthy elderly people participating in a program promoting regular physical activities. People interviewed evaluated each item with respect to its importance for the quality of life in old age in a five point Likert scale. For each item the product of the proportion of the interviewees which pointed out that item as being relevant to the quality of life in old age (frequency) times the average importance given to that item (importance) resulted in the impact of that item on the quality of life of the elderly. According to the impact score, in decreasing order, a list of impact was elaborated. In order to reduce the number of items on the list, so as to construct a final instrument, the first 46 items with the highest scores were selected. Three specialists, either in quality of life or in growing old, distributed these items in their respective dimensions. The items and the dimensions were plotted in a previously elaborated structure, after eliminating redundant items. The final result composed a new scale for evaluating quality of life among the elderly, constructed in our socio-economic and political context, according to the opinions of the elderly themselves and which would need to be evaluated for its accuracy in the future.
4

“Man önskar att man hade haft mer tid att sitta och prata...” : En kvalitativ studie om undersköterskors uppfattningar och upplevelser att arbeta med äldres psykiska ohälsa på särskilt boende / “You wish you had more time to sit down and talk…” : A qualitative study of the care staff's perceptions and experiences of working with the mental health of the elderly in nursing homes.

Jörnbring, Veronica, Espinoza, Patricia January 2022 (has links)
Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka vårdpersonals uppfattningar och upplevelser av sina arbetsförutsättningar samt den egna kompetensen i möte med äldre med psykisk ohälsa. För att göra detta har författarna gjort en kvalitativ studie med tematisk analys. Sju undersköterskor som arbetar på särskilt boende har intervjuats. Det har använts semistrukturerade intervjuer för att utröna hur de uppfattar och upplever deras förutsättningar på arbetet samt deras egen kompetens inom området. Vid analysen har Anthony Giddens struktureringsteori, kompletterat med begreppen handlingsutrymme samt tyst och explicit kunskap, använts.  Vid intervjuerna och sedan vidare transkribering och tematisering framkom det tydliga mönster i deras förutsättningar rörande resurserna personal och tid. Det mest framträdande var bristen på personal som skapade brist på tid för att kunna ge psykosocialt stöd. Det var dock något som personalen värnade om och ville ha möjlighet till och de hade därför olika strategier för att skapa mer av detta. Det framkom tydligt att majoriteten hade en tyst kunskap i form av arbetserfarenheter som de främst använde sig av i mötet med de äldre som upplever psykisk ohälsa. Den explicita kunskapen fanns det inte lika mycket av i förhållande till psykisk ohälsa, även om det är något undersköterskorna önskade. Sammantaget påverkade resurserna och bristen på explicit kunskap huruvida de hade möjlighet att ge psykosocialt stöd till de äldre. / The purpose of the study has been to examine healthcare professional´s perceptions and experiences of their working conditions, as well as their own competence during their daily work in elderly nursing homes when they meet elders with mental illness. To do this, the authors of this study have used a qualitative method with thematic analysis. Seven semi-structured interviews with assistant nurses working in nursing homes have been conducted to find out how they perceive and experience their conditions at work and their own competence they have in the field. In the analysis, Anthony Gidden's structuring theory has been supplemented with the concepts of room for maneuver along with silent and explicit knowledge has been used. During the interviews and then further transcription and thematization, a clear pattern emerged in their conditions regarding the resources staff and time. The most prominent was the lack of staff which created a lack of time to be able to provide psychosocial support. However, this was something that the care staff cared about and wanted to have the opportunity to do, and they therefore have different strategies for creating more time to be able to provide psychosocial support. It is also clear that the majority hade a tacit knowledge in the form of work experiences that they mainly used in the meeting with the elderly who experience mental illness. There was not as much explicit knowledge, even if it was something the staff wanted. All in all, the resources, and the lack of explicit knowledge affected whether they could provide psychosocial support to the elderly.

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