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O sistema binominal chileno tem características próprias, que modificam o sistema binominal tradicional de Anthony Downs. Por isto torna-se interessante estudar como este tem se desenvolvido numa conjuntura nacional que está em debate permanente, já que o sistema multipartidário e o sistema binominal continuam sendo objeto de debates na política chilena. O sistema binominal pós-ditadura é uma questão determinante na história recente do Chile e que vai marcar o pensamento e a organização atual do país. Neste contexto, surgem novos atores na política nacional, assim como os partidos políticos ou movimentos sociais. A opinião sobre as políticas públicas e sua relação com as preferências do eleitor são estudadas aqui como um referente de reformulação de políticas públicas e mudanças conjunturais da realidade política dos atores políticos chilenos. Na esfera das relações internacionais, o Chile voltou a se posicionar no mundo das relações diplomáticas e a assinar acordos comerciais com muitos países com os quais não mantinha relações desde 1973 e, assim passou a ser reconhecido pelo mundo como um país negociador e capaz de governar-se como uma democracia. / The Chilean binominal system has its own characteristics, that changed the traditional binominal system of A. Downs. It becomes interesting to study how it has developed in a context of an ongoing national debate, as the multiparty system and binominal system is still subject of debate. The post-dictatorship binominal system is a determinant issue in the recent history of Chile and it leaves prints on the political thought and the current organization of the country. In this context, new actors emerge in the national politics, such as the political parties or social movements. The public policies and its relation to the electoral preferences are studied here as a reference for the recasting of public policy and political reality of the exchange term of Chilean political actors. In the sphere of international relations, Chile returned to place itself in the world of diplomatic relations and to sign commercial agreements with many countries which it did not keep diplomatic relations since the institutional rupture in 1973 and so it started to be recognized by the world as a negotiator country and able to govern freely in a new democracy.

O sistema binominal chileno tem características próprias, que modificam o sistema binominal tradicional de Anthony Downs. Por isto torna-se interessante estudar como este tem se desenvolvido numa conjuntura nacional que está em debate permanente, já que o sistema multipartidário e o sistema binominal continuam sendo objeto de debates na política chilena. O sistema binominal pós-ditadura é uma questão determinante na história recente do Chile e que vai marcar o pensamento e a organização atual do país. Neste contexto, surgem novos atores na política nacional, assim como os partidos políticos ou movimentos sociais. A opinião sobre as políticas públicas e sua relação com as preferências do eleitor são estudadas aqui como um referente de reformulação de políticas públicas e mudanças conjunturais da realidade política dos atores políticos chilenos. Na esfera das relações internacionais, o Chile voltou a se posicionar no mundo das relações diplomáticas e a assinar acordos comerciais com muitos países com os quais não mantinha relações desde 1973 e, assim passou a ser reconhecido pelo mundo como um país negociador e capaz de governar-se como uma democracia. / The Chilean binominal system has its own characteristics, that changed the traditional binominal system of A. Downs. It becomes interesting to study how it has developed in a context of an ongoing national debate, as the multiparty system and binominal system is still subject of debate. The post-dictatorship binominal system is a determinant issue in the recent history of Chile and it leaves prints on the political thought and the current organization of the country. In this context, new actors emerge in the national politics, such as the political parties or social movements. The public policies and its relation to the electoral preferences are studied here as a reference for the recasting of public policy and political reality of the exchange term of Chilean political actors. In the sphere of international relations, Chile returned to place itself in the world of diplomatic relations and to sign commercial agreements with many countries which it did not keep diplomatic relations since the institutional rupture in 1973 and so it started to be recognized by the world as a negotiator country and able to govern freely in a new democracy.

O sistema binominal chileno tem características próprias, que modificam o sistema binominal tradicional de Anthony Downs. Por isto torna-se interessante estudar como este tem se desenvolvido numa conjuntura nacional que está em debate permanente, já que o sistema multipartidário e o sistema binominal continuam sendo objeto de debates na política chilena. O sistema binominal pós-ditadura é uma questão determinante na história recente do Chile e que vai marcar o pensamento e a organização atual do país. Neste contexto, surgem novos atores na política nacional, assim como os partidos políticos ou movimentos sociais. A opinião sobre as políticas públicas e sua relação com as preferências do eleitor são estudadas aqui como um referente de reformulação de políticas públicas e mudanças conjunturais da realidade política dos atores políticos chilenos. Na esfera das relações internacionais, o Chile voltou a se posicionar no mundo das relações diplomáticas e a assinar acordos comerciais com muitos países com os quais não mantinha relações desde 1973 e, assim passou a ser reconhecido pelo mundo como um país negociador e capaz de governar-se como uma democracia. / The Chilean binominal system has its own characteristics, that changed the traditional binominal system of A. Downs. It becomes interesting to study how it has developed in a context of an ongoing national debate, as the multiparty system and binominal system is still subject of debate. The post-dictatorship binominal system is a determinant issue in the recent history of Chile and it leaves prints on the political thought and the current organization of the country. In this context, new actors emerge in the national politics, such as the political parties or social movements. The public policies and its relation to the electoral preferences are studied here as a reference for the recasting of public policy and political reality of the exchange term of Chilean political actors. In the sphere of international relations, Chile returned to place itself in the world of diplomatic relations and to sign commercial agreements with many countries which it did not keep diplomatic relations since the institutional rupture in 1973 and so it started to be recognized by the world as a negotiator country and able to govern freely in a new democracy.

- The thesis is focused on Swedish foreign policy during the period 1660 - 1675, the early years of Charles XI's reign. Although Sweden is considered as an empire practically all over the 17th century, from the economic point of view it was a weak country. Sweden was totally depending on financial help from its allies, especially during periods of peace, as it was the case between 1660 and 1675. This fact belongs to the main aspects influencing the Swedish foreign policy at this time. Main part of the thesis is dedicated to relations between Sweden and other European states. The most significant were the relations with France and Denmark, since France was the ally which provided Sweden the needed finance. The role of Denmark was also essential because of its geographical position as neighbouring country to Sweden. The thesis indeed discusses relations to some other states that played an important role as well - England, the Netherlands, Brandenburg, other German states, Poland and Russia. The aim of the thesis is not just to analyse the Swedish foreign policy, but even to answer questions if there was any alternative or if the way this policy was conducted was the only possible one and also, if such policy can be considered as success or failure. These questions are answered at the final part of...

Bereits kurz nach seinem Regierungsantritt im Jahr 1553 hatte der junge Kurfürst August vereinzelt Handschriften und Bücher binden und mit seinen Initialen versehen lassen....

- The thesis is focused on relations between Sweden and Brandenburg in the years 1660 - 1701. Although Sweden is considered as an empire practically all over the 17th century, a new, important power rises in its neighbourhood, namely Brandenburg-Prussia, and this rise is finished by the Royal coronation of Fredrick I in 1701. Main part of the thesis is dedicated to the political and military relations, less to the cultural relations. Even other countries, following and protecting their interests in the Baltic region, are taken into account, especially Denmark and France. The aim of the thesis is to analyse relations between Sweden and Brandenburg and to try to find an answer on the question, if Sweden's focus on its internal problems and reforms contributed to the rise of Prussia or if there is no direct connection between these two tendencies. Key terms - Swedish Imperial Period, regency, Charles XI, Charles XII, Louis XIV, Elector Fredrick William, Elector Fredrick III, Scanian War, foreign policy, Baltic Sea hegemony

Bereits kurz nach seinem Regierungsantritt im Jahr 1553 hatte der junge Kurfürst August vereinzelt Handschriften und Bücher binden und mit seinen Initialen versehen lassen....