Diploma work analyzes the collective systems which are solving the disposal of photovoltaic's panels, classified as electrical equipment subject to recollection since last year, and tries to get answer to question if the collective systems should ensure a smooth disposal. Biggest wave of disposal photovoltaic's panels is expected in the next 15 -- 20 years. Operators and manufacturers have a statutory obligation to pay a fee, for every kilogram of photovoltaic's panels.The question under consideration is the check of the collective systems setting and also, comparative analysis of collective systems which are dealing with disposal of photovoltaic's panels and other electrical equipment. Furthermore, the survey conducted and processed according to the conclusions of the various groups (collective systems operators, operators of PV plants, lawmakers, and public) and also, the analysis of systems is presented.

This thesis deals with the design and subsequent realization of a bicameral tester for cordless drills. The tester will contain with two chambers in which the device will be tested. Part of the solution is the description of the parameters of the tested devices and the design of the tester concept. In addition, the thesis deals with the design of a mechanical structure that will test the equipment in both chambers and then design and realization of the relevant electrical equipment including the electrical switchboard. The thesis describes the Mosaic development environment for development of the PLC program according to IEC 61131-3. In this environment, control software has been created, which is described in its chapter. At the end of this work are enclosed images confirming the implementation to the real system and its functionality

Суммарная масса образующегося электронного лома в России в настоящее время приближается к 1,5 млн. тонн ежегодно, перерабатывается из них около 5-7 %. Это создает предпосылки для создания в России крупномасштабного производства вторичных металлов для создания новой отрасли металлургической промышленности. Целью магистерской диссертации является разработка теоретико-методических основ к оценке эффективности и выявления тенденций переработки электронных отходов и лома. В качестве источников использовалась учебно-методическая и научно-исследовательская литература, результаты эмпирических исследований автора и данные предприятий. В магистерской диссертации был разработан методический подход к выбору направления переработки электронных отходов и лома, соотнесенный с тенденциями, включающий систему показателей для выбора способа и результаты их экономической оценки, алгоритм принятия решения о способе переработки, что позволит на основании полученных результатов выбрать приоритетные направления для инвестирования. / The total mass of generated electronic scrap in Russia is currently approaching 1.5 million tons annually, of which about 5-7% is processed. This creates the preconditions for the creation in Russia of a large-scale production of secondary metals for the creation of a new branch of the metallurgical industry. The purpose of the master thesis is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for evaluating the effectiveness and identifying trends in the processing of electronic waste and scrap. The sources used were educational, methodological, and research literature, the results of the author's empirical research, and enterprise data. The master thesis developed a methodological approach to choosing the direction of processing electronic waste and scrap, correlated with trends, including a system of indicators for choosing the method and the results of their economic assessment, an algorithm for deciding on the method of processing, which will allow you to choose priority areas for investment based on the results obtained.

This thesis deals with the relationship between the labour productivity and the economic performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. It is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The metodology of this thesis describes the process of creating this work. The theoretical part of this thesis is the result of studying the literature. It contains basic information about the labour productivity and the economic performance. The economic performance is expressed by the indicators of the liquidity, profitability, indebtedness, activity, creditworthy and bankruptcy models and the Economic value added. The practical part of this thesis deals with the data processing from Albertina database, where all the necessary data can be found. For the purposes of this theses, a part of the data from Czech engineering industry was used, specificaly manufacture of electrical equipment (27 CZ-NACE) in the time period of 2013 - 2017. This data was further processed and analyzed. The next part of thesis is the analysis of the relationships between the labour productivity and the three indicators of economic performance - Return on Assets, index IN05 and the creditworthiness index. The last part of all is the conclusion where all found relations are described.

Past earthquake events have shown that seismic damage to electrical power systems in commercial buildings, hospitals, and other systems such as public service facilities can cause serious economic losses as well as operational problems. A methodology for evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of electrical power systems is needed and all essential components of the system must be included. A key system component is the switchboard cabinet which houses many different elements which control and monitor electrical power usage and distribution within a building. Switchboard cabinets vary in size and complexity and are manufactured by a number of different suppliers; a typical cabinet design was chosen for detailed evaluation in this investigation. This study presents a comprehensive framework for the evaluation of the seismic performance of electrical switchboard cabinets. This framework begins with the introduction and description of the essential equipment in building electrical power systems and explains possible seismic damage to this equipment. The shortcomings of previous studies are highlighted and advanced finite element models are developed to aid in their vulnerability estimation. Unlike previous research in this area, this study proposes practical, computationally efficient, and versatile numerical models, which can capture the critical nonlinear behavior of switchboard cabinets subjected to seismic excitations. A major goal of the current study was the development of nonlinear numerical models that can accommodate various support boundary conditions ranging from fixed, elasto-plastic to free. Using both linear and nonlinear dynamic analyses, this study presents an enhanced evaluation of the seismic behavior of switchboard cabinets. First the dynamic characteristics of switchboard cabinets are determined and then their seismic performance is assessed through nonlinear time history analysis using an expanded suite of ground motions. The seismic responses and associated ground motions are described and analyzed using probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs). Based on the PSDMs, the effectiveness and practicality of common intensity measures are discussed for different components. Correlation of intensity measures and seismic responses are then estimated for each component, and their seismic performance and uncertainties are quantified in terms of engineering demand parameters. The results of this study are intended for use in the seismic vulnerability assessment of essential electrical equipment in order to achieve more reliable electrical power systems resulting in reduced overall risk of both physical and operational failures of this important class of nonstructural components.

Submitted by Jean Medeiros (jeanletras@uepb.edu.br) on 2018-05-18T13:06:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maria Albiege Sales de Oliveira.pdf: 34132893 bytes, checksum: ebad549e338b48a976faf7d802fb5dd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-18T13:06:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Maria Albiege Sales de Oliveira.pdf: 34132893 bytes, checksum: ebad549e338b48a976faf7d802fb5dd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / In the last two decades, innovation and competitiveness have been the key factors driving the technological development of electronic equipment. Higher speeds, an aggressive marketing, smaller form factors, higher performance and lower costs stimulate consumers to replace existing and still functional equipment by new models, at an increasingly higher rate. This early replacement leads to a massive obsolescence of electronic equipment, the so-called E-waste (WEEE). It occurs worldwide and has become a major environmental problem. E-waste often contains heavy metals (such as Lead, Cadmium, Beryllium, Arsenic, etc.), precious metals (Gold, Silver, Platinum, etc.) but also chlorinated products and flame-retardants. Some of these products become highly toxic when incinerated or slowly release toxic substances when dumped into landfill, causing immediate and irreversible impact on the environment and hence, to the human health. The main objective of this research was to analyze the management of WEEE in the city of Campina Grande-PB, located in the Northeast of Brazil, in relation to what proposes the Municipal Legislation, Complementary Law 087/2014, as well as the principles and guidelines established by the National Policy on Solid Waste, Law 12.305 / 2010. To achieve this objective, a qualitative exploratory study was carried out, seeking out ways to obtain greater familiarity with the problem at hand, involving a bibliographical survey of federal, state and municipal laws related to solid waste policies in Brazil as well about WEEE matters. To add quantitative data to the research, a field survey was conducted between march and november 2017, among residential consumers, shopkeepers of electrical and electronic equipment of the city of Campina Grande and local municipal bodies responsible for solid waste management. The research revealed that the Management of Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment in the city of Campina Grande is not in accordance with the guidelines of the Municipal Legislation, Complementary Law 087/2014, nor does it observe the principles established by the National Policy on Solid Waste, established by Law 12,305 / 2010. / A inovação e a competitividade vêm impulsionando, nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento tecnológico. Notadamente nas áreas de eletrônica e informática surgiram equipamentos que atraem os consumidores e os estimulam ao consumismo. Por esta razão, a vida útil de um equipamento eletroeletrônico está gradativamente mais curta, e muitos equipamentos são descartados mesmo em funcionamento. O problema é que esse descarte ocorre em grande escala, acarretando a geração expressiva de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos. Devido à decomposição extremamente lenta e à alta toxicidade dos componentes da maioria dos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, o seu descarte gera problemas irreversíveis para o Meio Ambiente e para a saúde humana. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a Gestão dos Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba, situada no Nordeste do Brasil, em relação ao que propõe a Legislação Municipal, Lei Complementar 087/2014, bem como aos princípios e diretrizes estabelecidos pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos vigente. A pesquisa realizada foi de natureza quali-quantitativa de cunho exploratório, realizada no período de abril a novembro de 2017, em Campina Grande-PB. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas aos consumidores, lojistas do comércio de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos e gestores públicos responsáveis pela gestão deste tipo de resíduo sólido. Constatou-se, na cidade estudada, a ausência da aplicabilidade da Logística Reversa, em oposição à Legislação Municipal que previa o seu início a partir do ano de 2016. Visto que a prefeitura priorizou a gestão de resíduos secos, à gestão dos REEE restou ações de coletas através de campanhas esporádicas articuladas com Instituições privadas da cidade. Faltam infraestrutura operacional, mecanismos de divulgação dos poucos Ecopontos implantados e ações educativas para a população. Por conseguinte, concluiu-se que a Gestão dos Resíduos de Equipamentos Eletroeletrônicos na cidade de Campina Grande não está em conformidade com as diretrizes da Legislação Municipal, Lei Complementar 087/2014, como também não atenta para os princípios estabelecidos pela Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, instituída pela Lei 12.305/2010.

[pt] Dentre os objetivos do Plano Estratégico do Sistema Eletrobras, destacam-se a intensificação da atuação integrada em pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação (PD e I) e a mensuração dos ativos tangíveis e intangíveis para geração de valor para o Sistema Eletrobras. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa buscou contribuir para o aprimoramento da gestão de ativos intangíveis no âmbito da Rede de Laboratórios das Empresas Eletrobras (Relase), ao tornar disponível um modelo de mensuração e avaliação de ativos intangíveis desenvolvido para laboratórios de diagnóstico e ensaios de equipamentos elétricos. A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e aplicada. A partir dos resultados da revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa, adaptou-se, para fins de aplicação em laboratórios de diagnóstico e ensaios de equipamentos elétricos, um modelo conceitual que já vem sendo adotado por instituições de Ciência e Tecnologia europeias para elaboração de seus relatórios de capital intelectual. Para a proposição e seleção dos indicadores e métricas que integram o modelo, empregaram-se métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão combinados com lógica fuzzy. A aplicabilidade do modelo pôde ser demonstrada mediante um estudo empírico no Laboratório de Diagnóstico em Equipamentos e Instalações Elétricas (Labdig) do Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica (Cepel). Considera-se que o ferramental desenvolvido por esta pesquisa possa ser replicado no âmbito da Relase, que abrange hoje um total de 98 laboratórios, sendo 16 destes acreditados para serviços de calibração. / [en] Among the objectives of the Eletrobras System Strategic Plan, two of them are highlighted – the intensification of the integrated practice in research, development and innovation (RD and I); and the measurement of tangible and intangible assets to generate value for the Eletrobras System. In this context, this dissertation aims at contributing to the improvement of the management of intangible assets within the Eletrobras Companies Laboratories Network (Relase – Rede de Laboratórios das Empresas Eletrobras), by providing an intangible asset measurement and assessment model developed for electrical equipment diagnosis and testing laboratories. The research can be considered descriptive, methodological and applied. Based on the results of the bibliographic review and documentary analysis on the central themes of the research, a conceptual model was adapted for the context of diagnosis and testing laboratories, which has already been adopted by European Science and Technology institutions concerning elaboration of their intellectual capital reports. In this research, for the proposal and selection of indicators and metrics, multicriteria decision support methods were incorporated into the model, combined with fuzzy logic. The applicability of the model has been demonstrated through an empirical study in the Laboratório de Diagnóstico em Equipamentos e Instalações Elétricas (Labdig) do Centro de Pesquisas de Energia Elétrica (Cepel). The results of this research can be replicated within Relase, which covers today a total of 98 laboratories, of which 16 are accredited for calibration services.

The diploma thesis deals with the technical diagnostics of machines with a closer focus on vibrational diagnostics. In the thesis is elaborated a design of a diagnostic system with measurement methodology, measurement procedure and evaluation of measured data on the machine produced by Siemens.

In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the evolution of corporate leverage of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) from 1994 to 2016. Analysis of the data set is organized around a sample of 126 listed companies across twelve sub-sector industries, namely, Banks, Financial Services, Life Insurance, Fixed Line Telecommunications, Nonlife Insurance, Health Care Equipment and Services, Pharmaceuticals and Biotechnology, Media, Technology Hardware and Equipment, Software and Computer Services, Electronic and Electrical Equipment and Support Services. 621 delisted companies were also briefly analysed to eliminate survivorship bias. Results of multiple regressions using two primary leverage measures and six commonly used determinants of capital structure were varied. Tangibility and growth were negatively related to debt while cost of debt was positively related to debt. Firm size, profitability and corporate tax rate yielded a varied relationship with corporate leverage. Only the growth capital structure determinant showed statistical significance. The overall findings indicate a rise in corporate leverage that coincides in tandem with major local and international economic events.

The topic Modern Approaches to Designing Electrical Equipment with a Focus on Railway Construction responds to the decision of the Government of the Czech Republic to introduce the BIM method for government over-the-counter contracts from 1 January 2022. The government evaluated the BIM method as an effective tool for digitizing the construction industry. The diploma thesis deals with the method of designing high-current equipment, technologies and distribution on railways according to this new method. The work summarizes information about the present method of design, used high-current electrical equipment on the railway, the near and distant future of railway operation, the organization of administration and maintenance of equipment. It discusses the principle of the BIM method and basic software solutions supporting design activities according to this new method. The Promis.e software published by Bentley is also described in detail, which supports the design of electrical equipment for linear structures according to this method. The BIM method is a means of fulfilling the essence of Construction 4.0. It uses uniform data formats, a common data environment, working with non-graphic information. In the second part of the diploma thesis, the drawing documentation for the sample project of high-current distribution of the railway station was prepared. It was first created using AutoCAD software. After that, the sample project demonstrates the basic principles of the BIM method using Promis.e software. Furthermore, this project is evaluated, both methods of design are compared. The procedure of introducing the BIM method for the design of electrical equipment in a specific design company is proposed and other possible steps in working with the Promis.e software are discussed. The way of creating a and adding element libraries is described. At the end of the diploma thesis it is stated that to successfully master the design work according to the BIM method, it is necessary to have experience with design work in the field, know the principles of the BIM method, choose a suitable software solution, continuously and thoroughly manage these tools and train staff. Under these conditions, it will be possible to make full use of the potential of the BIM method.