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Information Security Management of Healthcare SystemMahmood, Ashrafullah Khalid January 2010 (has links)
Information security has significant role in Healthcare organizations. The Electronic Health Record (EHR) with patient’s information is considered as very sensitive in Healthcare organization. Sensitive information of patients in healthcare has to be managed such that it is safe and secure from unauthorized access. The high-level quality care to patients is possible if healthcare management system is able to provide right information in right time to right place. Availability and accessibility are significant aspects of information security, where applicable information needs to be available and accessible for user within the healthcare organization as well as across organizational borders. At the same time, it is essentials to protect the patient security from unauthorized access and maintain the appropriate level in health care regarding information security. The aim of this thesis is to explore current management of information security in terms of Electronic Health Records (EHR) and how these are protected from possible security threats and risks in healthcare, when the sensitive information has to be communicated among different actors in healthcare as well as across borders. The Blekinge health care system was investigated through case study with conduction of several interviews to discover possible issues, concerning security threats to management of healthcare. The theoretical work was the framework and support for possible solutions of identified security risks and threats in Blekinge healthcare. At the end after mapping, the whole process possible guidelines and suggestions were recommended for healthcare in order to prevent the sensitive information from unauthorized access and maintain information security. The management of technical and administrative bodies was explored for security problems. It has main role to healthcare and in general, whole business is the responsibility of this management to manage the sensitive information of patients. Consequently, Blekinge healthcare was investigated for possible issues and some possible guidelines and suggestions in order to improve the current information security with prevention of necessary risks to healthcare sensitive information. / muqadas@gmail.com
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Attribute Based Encryption of Electronic Health Records : Comparative study of existing algorithmsSeethamraju, Arun Tej January 2017 (has links)
Cloud Computing today, is an evolving technology which features large Data Storage and ready-to-access from any device. The Healthcare Industry stores large Databases of patient’s records, considering the advantages of Cloud Computing it is looking forward to moving on from the traditional, proprietary Database Management Model into an Open Source Cloud DBMS Model. To complete this transition, it is of primary importance to provide Privacy and Security for Electronic Medical Record / Electronic Health Record. There are several kinds of research being done on how to mitigate these privacy issues using algorithms like Attribute Based Encryption and Identity-Based Encryption. In this study, we compare the performance of these two attribute based encryption methods. This thesis compares the performance of the state-of-the-art Attribute Based Encryption Schemas for Electronic Medical Record / Electronic Health Record Systems. Performance evaluation is conducted in local and cloud environments. A Literature Review has been performed to identify the existing Cloud-based Electronic Health Record Systems which uses the attribute based encryption as a mechanism to mitigate the privacy issues and realization in Cloud. Two algorithms have been selected by performing snowballing from the IEEE Research Articles. Experimentation was performed on the two algorithms in a local machine and on Amazon Web Services Cloud Platform to compare the performance. Verification of performance in each stage of the execution of the algorithms, in both local machine and Cloud environment, was done.
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Standardizing our perinatal language to facilitate data sharingMassey, Kiran Angelina 05 1900 (has links)
Our ultimate goal as obstetric and neonatal care providers is to improve care for mothers and their babies. Continuous quality improvement (CQI) involves iterative cycles of practice change and audit of ongoing clinical care identifying practices that are associated with good outcomes. A vital prerequisite to this evidence based medicine is data collection.
In Canada, much of the country is covered by separate fragmented silos known as regional reproductive care databases or perinatal health programs. A more centralized system which includes collaborative efforts is required. Moving in this direction would serve many purposes: efficiency, economy in the setting of limited resources and shrinking budgets and lastly, interaction among data collection agencies. This interaction may facilitate translation and transfer of knowledge to care-givers and patients. There are however many barriers towards such collaborative efforts including privacy, ownership and the standardization of both digital technologies and semantics.
After thoroughly examining the current existing perinatal data collection among Perinatal Health Programs (PHPs), and the Canadian Perinatal Network (CPN) database, it was evident that there is little standardization of definitions. This serves as one of the most important barriers towards data sharing.
To communicate effectively and share data, researchers and clinicians alike must construct a common perinatal language. Communicative tools and programs such as SNOMED CT® offer a potential solution, but still require much work due to their infancy. A standardized perinatal language would not only lay the definitional foundation in women’s health and obstetrics but also serve as a major contribution towards a universal electronic health record. / Medicine, Faculty of / Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of / Graduate
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Assessment of School Nurse-Provider Communication of Changes in Student ConditionHuffaker, Luke Gregor, Huffaker, Luke Gregor January 2018 (has links)
The landscape of the United States public school system was greatly improved upon with the
creation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA 2004). This act established a standard that allowed all school aged children living with chronic illnesses to integrate into public school systems. This mandate currently impacts over 12 million children living with chronic illness including and not limited to asthma, seizure disorders, developmental delay, cystic fibrosis, traumatic brain injuries, anxiety and cancer. IDEA 2004 extended healthcare into public school systems and as a result, increased the average acuity of students that school nurses (SNs) care for. It is estimated that 15% of school-aged children miss 11 or more school days per year because of illness or injury demonstrating evidence of increased student acuity and a need to provide more appropriate care for these students in order to increase their time spent in the academic setting. Adequate SN and primary care provider (PCP) communication is essential to reduce absenteeism for this population and to ensure that students are safe during their time spent away from home and healthcare clinics. From this quality improvement project, more is understood pertaining to the communication patterns between SNs and PCPs and recommendations are provided in order to increase effective SN and PCP communication.
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Distributed Electronic Health Record System based on MiddlewareXin, Zhang January 2013 (has links)
With the fast development of information technology, traditional healthcare is evolving to a more digital and electronic stage. Electronic HealthRecord (EHR) is residents’ basic information and health care relatedinformation conforming to standard. It can not only provide usefulinformation to medical workers, but also exchange resources with otherinformation systems. But with the growing complexity of electronichealth record data sources, it becomes a big challenge to set up a structurewhich allows different types of data sharing and exchanging inmulti-platform applications. It’s even more important to find out amethod to support great amount of users from different applicationplatform to sharing and exchanging data at the same time.In this paper, we proposed a distributed electronic health record systembased on middleware to address the problem. Both permanent and realtimedata should pass through the middleware provided by the system,and will be transformed into standard format for storage. Multi-threadand distributed server group design will let the system be more flexibleand scalable, and will be able to provide service to users concurrently.The system creates a standard data format for data transferring andstorage. All raw data collected from different kinds of sensor system willbe formatted with application programming interface (API) or softwaredevelopment kit (SDK) system provided before upload to the system.Encryption methods are also implemented to ensure data security andprivacy protection.
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HEALTHCARE PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS FOR RISK PROFILING IN CHRONIC CARE: A BAYESIAN MULTITASK LEARNING APPROACHLin, Yu-Kai, Chen, Hsinchun, Brown, Randall A., Li, Shu-Hsing, Yang, Hung-Jen 06 1900 (has links)
Clinical intelligence about a patient's risk of future adverse health events can support clinical decision making in personalized and preventive care. Healthcare predictive analytics using electronic health records offers a promising direction to address the challenging tasks of risk profiling. Patients with chronic diseases often face risks of not just one, but an array of adverse health events. However, existing risk models typically focus on one specific event and do not predict multiple outcomes. To attain enhanced risk profiling, we adopt the design science paradigm and propose a principled approach called Bayesian multitask learning (BMTL). Considering the model development for an event as a single task, our BMTL approach is to coordinate a set of baseline models-one for each event-and communicate training information across the models. The BMTL approach allows healthcare providers to achieve multifaceted risk profiling and model an arbitrary number of events simultaneously. Our experimental evaluations demonstrate that the BMTL approach attains an improved predictive performance when compared with the alternatives that model multiple events separately. We also find that, in most cases, the BMTL approach significantly outperforms existing multitask learning techniques. More importantly, our analysis shows that the BMTL approach can create significant potential impacts on clinical practice in reducing the failures and delays in preventive interventions. We discuss several implications of this study for health IT, big data and predictive analytics, and design science research.
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MedFabric4Me: Blockchain Based Patient Centric Electronic Health Records SystemJanuary 2020 (has links)
abstract: Blockchain technology enables a distributed and decentralized environment without any central authority. Healthcare is one industry in which blockchain is expected to have significant impacts. In recent years, the Healthcare Information Exchange(HIE) has been shown to benefit the healthcare industry remarkably. It has been shown that blockchain could help to improve multiple aspects of the HIE system.
When Blockchain technology meets HIE, there are only a few proposed systems and they all suffer from the following two problems. First, the existing systems are not patient-centric in terms of data governance. Patients do not own their data and have no direct control over it. Second, there is no defined protocol among different systems on how to share sensitive data.
To address the issues mentioned above, this paper proposes MedFabric4Me, a blockchain-based platform for HIE. MedFabric4Me is a patient-centric system where patients own their healthcare data and share on a need-to-know basis. First, analyzed the requirements for a patient-centric system which ensures tamper-proof sharing of data among participants. Based on the analysis, a Merkle root based mechanism is created to ensure that data has not tampered. Second, a distributed Proxy re-encryption system is used for secure encryption of data during storage and sharing of records. Third, combining off-chain storage and on-chain access management for both authenticability and privacy.
MedFabric4Me is a two-pronged solution platform, composed of on-chain and off-chain components. The on-chain solution is implemented on the secure network of Hyperledger Fabric(HLF) while the off-chain solution uses Interplanetary File System(IPFS) to store data securely. Ethereum based Nucypher, a proxy re-encryption network provides cryptographic access controls to actors for encrypted data sharing.
To demonstrate the practicality and scalability, a prototype solution of MedFabric4Me is implemented and evaluated the performance measure of the system against an already implemented HIE.
Results show that decentralization technology like blockchain could help to mitigate some issues that HIE faces today, like transparency for patients, slow emergency response, and better access control.
Finally, this research concluded with the benefits and shortcomings of MedFabric4Me with some directions and work that could benefit MedFabric4Me in terms of operation and performance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Engineering 2020
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Use of standardized nursing terminologies in electronic health records for oncology care: the impact of NANDA-I, NOC, and NICTseng, Hui-Chen 01 July 2012 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of cancer patients and the most frequently chosen nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions chosen for care plans from a large Midwestern acute care hospital. In addition the patients' outcome change scores and length of stay from the four oncology specialty units are investigated. Donabedian's structure-process-outcome model is the framework for this study. This is a descriptive retrospective study. The sample included a total of 2,237 patients admitted on four oncology units from June 1 to December 31, 2010. Data were retrieved from medical records, the nursing documentation system, and the tumor registry center. Demographics showed that 63% of the inpatients were female, 89% were white, 53 % were married and 26% were retired. Most patients returned home (82%); and 2% died in the hospital. Descriptive analysis identified that the most common nursing diagnoses for oncology inpatients were Acute Pain (78%), Risk for Infection (31%), and Nausea (26%). Each cancer patient had approximately 3.1 nursing diagnoses (SD=2.5), 6.3 nursing interventions (SD=5.1), and 3.7 nursing outcomes (SD=2.9). Characteristics of the patients were not found to be related to LOS (M=3.7) or outcome change scores for Pain Level among the patients with Acute Pain. Specifically, 88% of patients retained or improved outcome change scores.
The most common linkage of NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC (NNN), a set of standardized nursing terminologies used in the study that represents nursing diagnoses, nursing-sensitive patient outcomes and nursing interventions, prospectively, was Acute Pain--Pain Level--Pain Management. Pain was the dominant concept in the nursing care provided to oncology patients. Risk for Infection was the most frequent nursing diagnosis in the Adult Leukemia and Bone Transplant Unit. Patients with both Acute Pain and Risk for Infection may differ among units; while the traditional study strategies rarely demonstrate this finding. Identifying the pattern of core diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes for oncology nurses can direct nursing care in clinical practice and provide direction for future research tot targets areas of high impact and guide education and evaluation of nurse competencies.
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General Practice Research Networks in Belgium: Development, Context and their Contribution to the Monitoring of Sexually Transmitted InfectionsSchweikardt, Christoph 29 May 2019 (has links) (PDF)
This thesis is devoted to general practice (GP) networks in Belgium, their development and their activities within the Belgian health system context. These networks are specific research tools for the repeated or continuous collection and analysis of data related to diseases and other health events observed in general practice, including interventions of general practitioners. The thesis focuses on three not-for-profit general practice research networks which are operational today: (1) the national Network of Sentinel General Practices (SGP), coordinated by the Federal research institute Sciensano; (2) the Flemish Intego network, coordinated by the Academic Center for General Practice of Catholic University Leuven; (3) the network of the Fédération des maisons médicales et des collectifs de santé francophones (FMM) with its Monitoring Chart (Tableau de bord), which collects data from Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region. The thesis is divided into a general introduction, three main parts and a final discussion with concluding remarks. The general introduction outlines the importance of data from general practice and the contribution of GP networks to research. Furthermore, it points out the importance of general practice for the control of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), a specific field of action. The first main part of the thesis investigates the research question of how the three GP research networks developed within the specific context of the Belgian health system. It is based on the interpretation of written sources such as project reports, annual network reports, research publications, parliamentary documents, relevant websites and the existing research literature. The context analysis included a comparison with the Netherlands since the latter have strong traditions with regard to the position of the general practitioner in the health system (gatekeeper to secondary care, whereas in Belgium the patient generally chooses his/her health provider, and a Global Medical File administered by the general practitioner is not mandatory in Belgium), to general practice research networks and computerisation. It could be shown (1) that Belgium has held a middle position in the European Union regarding GP computerisation; (2) that, contrary to the Netherlands, an operational national GP network based on data from electronic health records (EHRs) could not be established; and (3) that Belgian health system computerisation, which advanced substantially in the last decade, put the issue of health data collection and storage by a new digital service on the agenda. Subsequently, three sub-chapters focus on the development of the three GP networks from their foundation until today. They demonstrate that the SGP and Intego were founded as innovative tools originating from Flemish general practice research, whereas the Monitoring Chart originated from the dynamism of Integrated Primary Health Care Centres (IPHCCs, Maisons médicales) in French-speaking Belgium. Acting as health observatories was both part of the mission of the IPHCCs and the demand of the Regional governments. With time, the research designs of the three GP networks became more sophisticated. Furthermore, European cooperation of the SGP with other GP networks since the late 1980s stands out, since the vision to establish a European sentinel general practice network led to joint influenza surveillance as one of its lasting achievements. In continuation of the developments described above, the second main part of the thesis addresses the missions and the organisation of the three GP networks today as well as their respective strengths and limitations in comparative perspective. It is based on network publications and reports, relevant websites and informal information from the networks themselves. The comparison shows that there is little overlap between the activities of the three GP networks, given the different areas of investigation and the complementarity of supplementary information collected by the SGP versus routine data extraction from EHRs in the other two networks. Furthermore, Intego and the Monitoring Chart essentially cover different parts of the country. The prospective research design of the SGP allows formulating hypotheses and designing research questionnaires with precise definitions of diagnoses before the start of a new research topic in order to minimise inter-observer variability, whereas the diagnosis in the other two networks is the result of the general practitioner's clinical judgement. The Intego network disposes of a substantial number of routine parameters collected over more than two decades by now. With these data, the researchers can design retrospective cohort studies without recording or recall bias by the GP who does not know during his/her daily routine for which research questions his/her data may be used later. The Monitoring Chart stands out by its comparatively strong presence in the Brussels-Capital Region and its data from the less well-to-do part of the population. The third main part of the thesis focuses on STIs which provided a research opportunity, given that Belgian public health efforts to control them have increased in recent years and that the three GP networks engaged in research activities in this regard. The first sub-chapter addresses challenges for the surveillance and monitoring of STIs due to the nature of the pathogens, followed by a sub-chapter about characteristics of STI surveillance and monitoring in Belgium. Afterwards, a sub-chapter describes health policy efforts in order to establish the Belgian HIV Plan 2014-2019. The development of the HIV Plan was analysed by applying the policy streams model of John Kingdon. The analysis was based on published government statements, parliamentary documents, and websites of stakeholders, and showed that the Federal Ministry of Health initiative to achieve the HIV Plan was characterised by a coordinating role with a participatory approach towards the other Belgian governments and stakeholders. The 2013 protocol agreement of the Belgian governments committed them to principles, actions, and cooperation regarding HIV prevention, testing, treatment of persons living with HIV and care for their quality of life, but not to budgets, priorities or target figures. The implementation of the plan, highlighting aspects relating to general practice, is addressed in the subsequent sub-chapter. Two further sub-chapters are based on the analysis of retrospective cohort studies with Intego data from 2009 to 2013, based on EHR routine registration by over 90 general practitioners in Flanders. In the first sub-chapter, the frequencies of gonorrhoea and syphilis diagnoses were investigated. Case definitions were applied. Due to small case numbers obtained, cases were pooled and averaged over the observation period. Frequencies were compared with those calculated from mandatory notification. A total of 91 gonorrhoea and 23 syphilis cases were registered. The average Intego annual frequency of gonorrhoea cases obtained was 11.9 (95% Poisson confidence interval (CI) 9.6; 14.7) per 100,000 population, and for syphilis 3.0 (CI 1.9; 4.5), respectively, while mandatory notification was calculated at 14.0 (CI: 13.6, 14.4) and 7.0 (CI: 6.7, 7.3), respectively. In spite of limitations such as small numbers and different case definitions, the data suggests that the general practitioner was involved in the large majority of gonorrhoea cases, while the majority of new syphilis cases did not come to the knowledge of the general practitioner. The second sub-chapter deals with the prescription of antibiotics to treat gonorrhoea in general practice in Flanders 2009-2013. Belgian guidelines recommended ceftriaxone or alternatively spectinomycin from 2008 onwards and azithromycin combination therapy since 2012. The study investigated to which extent contemporary gonorrhoea treatment guidelines were followed. Ninety-one gonorrhoea cases with ten chlamydia and one genital trichomonas coinfections in 90 patients were registered between 2009 and 2013. The proportion of cases with ceftriaxone and/or spectinomycin prescriptions rose from 13% (two of 15 cases) in 2009 to 56% (nine of 16 cases) in 2013. Combination therapy of ceftriaxone and/or spectinomycin together with azithromycin rose from 0 of 15 cases (0%) in 2009 to 7 of 16 cases (44%) in 2013. Although numbers are small, the results suggest that gonorrhoea therapy guideline adherence improved between 2009 and 2013. Future opportunities, recommended in the final discussion, include (1) extending provider-led STI testing in Belgium, with a prominent role for general practitioners; (2) investigating barriers and facilitators for the achievement of the Global Medical File, notably if sensitive and potentially stigmatising issues such as STIs or mental health are involved; (3) making task delegation by the general practitioner towards other primary health care providers more attractive; (4) facilitating general practitioners' tasks by the introduction of support features into the EHR in order to improve registration and quality of care in general; (5) eliciting Regional government support in order to investigate the diagnostic profiles of the patient population of IPHCCs; and (6) establishing an extended network for the collection and analysis of "production data" (such as the number of contacts, interventions, referrals, prescriptions and diagnostic requests) from general practitioners and other primary health care providers, proceeding from the know-how and the experience of the three investigated GP networks. / Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Generalizability of Electronic Health Record-Based Machine Learning ModelsWissel, Benjamin D. 05 October 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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