Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Throughout the coastal habitats, the Guiana dolphin is affected by anthropogenic actions that threaten its conservation, especially fishing and boat traffic. Sepetiba bay seems to offer a high-quality habitat, because the dolphins are very abundant and found in the area all year round. With the industrial development in Sepetiba Bay, there will be an increase of large vessels flow, which will carry several types of cargo, some of which are harmful to the environment and directly dangerous to the animals. This intense traffic occurs in a place used by dolphins for feeding, foraging and breeding, may generate negative behavioral responses, changing their affinity for the place and move away. From a landbase, during the period of one year (July 2015 to August 2016), sightings were realized with the objective of evaluating whether the different vessels generate impacts on the Guiana dolphins? behavior. The evaluation was based on a behavioral reaction classification in Negative, Neutral, and Positive, in interactions with a 500m maximum distance among the study objects. The study had a total of 288 h of sample effort, whereupon with the most interactions were Jan/16 with 14.90% (n = 11), Jul/15 with 13.51% (n = 10) and Mar/16 and Apr/16 with 12.16% (n = 9). Interactions occurred mostly during the period from 10 h to 11 h AM (32.43%), 9h to 10h AM (24.32%), and 11 to 12 h AM (24.32%), and all occurred outside the dredged chanel. The dolphin groups, in general, were small. The presence of calves accompanying the group was also low, only 12 individuals (6.86%). The vessels that most interacted with the dolphins were: Boats (79.73%) and Trawlers (18.92%), and only one ship (1.35%) was observed interacting with the animals. Foraging (57.30%) and Travelling (42.70%) were the most performed activities. The most expressive behavioral reactions were Neutral (71.43%), followed by Negative (24%), and very low occurrence of Positive reactions (4.28%). In order to verify if there were significant differences between the vessels and behavioral reactions, X2 was used, assuming pvalue <0.05 (df 2). It was observed that the Neutral reactions have a differential effect in relation to the other reactions for the types of vessels. Neutral reactions were predominant and could be interpreted as a process of habituation or learning. Or even energy-saving. This energy could be used in foraging activities, since the possible decrease of essential species in their diet will cause a bigger effort to catch prey than avoid potential impacts. / Ao longo dos habitats costeiros, o boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis, est? sujeito a a??es antropog?nicas que amea?am a sua conserva??o, especialmente a pesca e o tr?fego de embarca??es. A Ba?a de Sepetiba parece oferecer um habitat de qualidade, uma vez que os botos s?o abundantes e encontrados o ano todo. Com o crescente avan?o de empreendimentos na Ba?a de Sepetiba, em h? um aumento no fluxo de embarca??es de grande porte, que consequentemente transporta diversos tipos de cargas, sendo algumas nocivas ao meio ambiente e diretamente perigosas para os botos. Esse tr?fego intenso na Ba?a de Sepetiba, local utilizado pelos botos para alimenta??o, forrageamento e reprodu??o, pode gerar respostas comportamentais negativas por parte dos botos, fazendo com que se afastem ou mudem sua afinidade pelo local. Sendo assim a partir de um ponto fixo, durante o per?odo de um ano (Julho/2015 a Agosto/2016), avistagens foram realizadas com o objetivo de avaliar se as diferentes embarca??es geram impactos sobre o comportamento da popula??o de boto-cinza da Ba?a de Sepetiba. A avalia??o se deu a partir da classifica??o da rea??o comportamental em Negativa, Neutra e Positiva, em intera??es com dist?ncias entre os objetos de estudo de no m?ximo 500m. O estudo teve um total de 288 h de esfor?o amostral, dentre as quais os meses que apresentaram mais intera??es foram Jan/16 com 14,90% (n=11), Jul/15 com 13,51% (n=10), Mar/16 e Abr/16 com 12,16% (n=9). As intera??es ocorreram em sua maioria durante o per?odo de 10 ?s 11 hrs (32,43%), 9 ?s 10 hrs (24,32%) e 11 ?s 12 hrs (24,32%), e todas se deram fora do canal dragado. Os grupos, no geral, foram de pequeno porte. A presen?a de filhotes acompanhando o grupo tamb?m foi baixa, somente 12 (6,86%) indiv?duos. As embarca??es que mais interagiram com os botos, foram: Lanchas (79,73%) e Traineiras (18,92%), somente um Navio (1,35%). O Forrageamento (57,30%) e o Deslocamento (42,70%) foram as atividades mais realizadas, e as rea??es comportamentais de maior frequ?ncia foram a Neutra (71,43%), seguido da Negativa (24%) e Positiva (4,28%). Para verificar se houve diferen?as significativas entre as embarca??es e rea??es comportamentais foi utilizado o X2, assumindo valor de signific?ncia p<0.05, foi constatado que as rea??es neutras t?m um efeito predominante em rela??o ?s outras rea??es para os tipos de embarca??es. As rea??es neutras foram predominantes podendo ser interpretadas como um processo de habitua??o ou aprendizagem. Ou at? mesmo de economia de energia. Essa energia poderia ser utilizada em atividades de forrageamento, j? que a poss?vel escassez de esp?cies essenciais em sua dieta fa?a com que os botos se esfor?em mais para capturar presas do que se afastar dos poss?veis impactos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DalilaTLM_DISSERT.pdf: 2036255 bytes, checksum: ed8754e17f7a4951187f5fb000aa8918 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The wide distribution along the Brazilian coast of specie Sotalia guianensis has been growing interest in searchers on the ecology of this species, addition to commercial interests by whalewatching. This work described the accoustic repertory of S. guianensis and their behavior associated and found if underwater noises affect this repertorie in Pipa-RN. It were analyzed 18:49h of recordings maked between april and june/2009. It were found 3258 whistles, 289 calls, 873 clicks and no gargle. The frequencies range of guiana dolphins was 1 a 48kHz and may be related to system response recorder and population s regionalization. The frequencies overlaps the noise made by motorboats, schooners and water bomb. The behavior travelling ocurred siletly in 72,58% and socialization presented no sound (56,4%) and presence of sound (43,6%). This great absence of sound may be relacioned to saving energy, probably because in this behaviors they can use physical and visual contacts. The foraging presented highest records of all class noise with 46,84% clicks, 33,84% whistles and 9,02% calls. All this sounds occurred differently in each behavior (travelling: x2 = 134,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001; foraging: x2 = 19,83 df = 3 p= 0,00018 and socialization x2 = 60,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001). It was possible to determine that underwater noise cause changes in the repertorie and does a considerable increase in whistle s number and reduce clicks. Also occurs changes in some whistles (FI: t=2,42, p=0,015; FF: t= -2,22, p=0,025), calls (FMI: t= -3,13, p=0,001; FMA: t= -3,49, p=0,0005; FD: t= -2,21, p=0,027; D: t=2,89, p=0,004) and clicks parameters (D: t= -3,85, p=0,0001; I: t= -5,32, p=0,0001) during presence of noise. These changes may be a strategy of these animals to win this sound barrier. We can not say which noise has more impact, ix however the water bomb seems to affect more the clicks and the motorboats seems to affect the others sounds. Little is know about auditive sensibility of this specie, but daily exposure to this noise may cause damage and this specie appears to have residence. The specie conservation is necessary because the population already seems to suffer damage as decrease in length of stay, number of individuals entering the inlet and the apparent diminution in the foragind during vessels presence and control standards and ambiental education can help. So, we can advance in knowledge about the ecology of this specie especially when it come to bioacoustics and their behaviors associated and reveals some of the impacts that the noise have brought to this population / A ampla distribui??o na costa brasileira da esp?cie Sotalia guianensis tem feito crescer o interesse pelos pesquisadores sobre a ecologia dessa esp?cie, al?m de interesses comerciais atrav?s do turismo de observa??o. Esse trabalho descreveu o repert?rio ac?stico S. guianensis e suas associa??es comportamentais e ainda, verificou se ru?dos subaqu?ticos de motores afetam o padr?o desse repert?rio, na regi?o de Pipa/RN. Foram analisadas 18:49h de grava??es realizadas entre os meses de abril e junho de 2009. Foram encontrados 3258 assobios, 289 gritos, 873 sequ?ncias de estalos e nenhum registro de gargarejo. A faixa de frequ?ncia dos botos variaram de 1 a 48kHz, que pode estar relacionada com a taxa de amostragem de 96kHz e com a regionaliza??o das popula??es. Essa faixa se sobrep?e as faixas utilizadas pelos ru?dos produzidos por lanchas, escunas e uma bomba d ?gua. Nas associa??es comportamentos e ac?stica, o estado de deslocamento ocorreu em 72,58% com aus?ncia de som e a socializa??o apresentou aus?ncia (56,4%) e presen?a de sons (43,6%). Essa aus?ncia de som pode estar relacionada com a economia de energia, visto que nesses comportamentos muitos eventos envolvem contatos f?sicos e visuais. A alimenta??o apresentou os maiores registros de todas as classes sonoras, com 46,84% de estalos, 33,84% de assobios e 9,02% de gritos. Todos os sons ocorreram com diferen?as significativas dentro de cada estado comportamental (deslocamento: x2 = 134,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001; alimenta??o: x2 = 19,83 df = 3 p= 0,00018 e socializa??o x2 = 60,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001). Com rela??o aos ru?dos, foi poss?vel verificar que esses sons causam modifica??es na vocaliza??o, com aumento consider?vel no n?mero de assobios e redu??o dos estalos. Ocorre, tamb?m vii altera??es de alguns par?metros dos assobios (FI: t=2,42, p=0,015; FF: t= - 2,22, p=0,025), gritos (FMI: t= -3,13, p=0,001; FMA: t= -3,49, p=0,0005; FD: t= -2,21, p=0,027; D: t=2,89, p=0,004) e estalos (D: t= -3,85, p=0,0001; I: t= -5,32, p=0,0001) durante a presen?a desses sons. Essas modifica??es podem ser uma estrat?gia que essa popula??o est? desenvolvendo para vencer a barreira dos ru?dos. N?o se pode afirmar qual dos tr?s ru?dos analisados causa maior impacto, entretanto a bomba d ?gua parece afetar mais os estalos, aumentando os valores de seus par?metros e a lancha parece afetar mais as outras classes sonoras. Pouco se sabe sobre a sensibilidade auditiva dessa esp?cie, mas exposi??es di?rias aos ru?dos podem trazer danos e essa esp?cie aparenta ter resid?ncia. Medidas para mitiga??o, como normas de controle das embarca??es e educa??o ambiental s?o necess?rias para a conserva??o da esp?cie, visto que a popula??o j? aparenta sofrer com danos como diminui??o do tempo de perman?ncia e n?mero de indiv?duos que entram na enseada, al?m da aparente diminui??o da alimenta??o durante a presen?a de embarca??es. Dessa forma, avan?a-se no conhecimento sobre a ecologia dessa esp?cie, principalmente quando se trata de bioac?stica e suas associa??es comportamentais, al?m de revelar alguns dos impactos que os ru?dos tem trazido para essa popula??o