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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
331

'Spirited bodies' as a prerequisite for an earth-keeping ethos : a juxtaposition on the first creation story of Genesis with ubuntu cosmogony

Nalwamba, Kuzipa January 2013 (has links)
Multidisciplinary contemporary discourse involving science, philosophy and theology has explored themes of creation and human identity. Contemporary critiques of anthropocentricism stem from such discourse. The understanding of human beings as ‘spirited bodies’ rather than embodied spirits, arises from a non-reductionist physicalist standpoint. This is the point of departure for this thesis. The study attempts to explore the understanding of human beings as ‘spirited bodies’ from a non-reductionist physicalist view and as a metaphor for ‘fresh’ perspectives and insights that could potentially inform and/or shape a theologically grounded earth-keeping ethos on a different premise from the traditional dualistic hierarchical viewpoint. Methodologically, this study attempts to reflect a unitary approach to knowledge. The study views the subject through three prisms. Firstly it takes a retrospective look to account for perspectives that have shaped hierarchical views of creation based on a dualistic principle that in turn have shaped the human power-dominion relationship with the rest of creation that is deemed to have led to the devastating eco-crisis the world faces today. Secondly, it considers a non-reductionist physicalist viewpoint that has challenged dualistic anthropological views of being in favour of the conception of human beings as ‘spirited bodies’ and which places human beings in a continuum with the rest creation. Thirdly, it picks up on Moltmann’s Trinitarian and pneumatological views of creation which orient the theological framework anchored on the community and communion within the triune relationship. Human solidarity with the rest of creation is then posited as the nexus that converges the strands of these different perspectives. The juxtaposition of the Genesis 1 creation story with Zambian cosmogony constitutes ‘case studies’ that illustrate how the fresh perspectives on creation and human identity open up an ‘interpretive space’ that could locate human beings in a continuum with the rest of creation and offer insight for an alternative earth-keeping ethos. Human solidarity with the rest of creation thus critiques traditional western dualistic and hierarchical conceptions of creation on one hand, and serves as an orienting concept for the ‘fresh’ earth-keeping ethos this study proposes on the other. / Dissertation (MA Theol)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Dogmatics and Christian Ethics / unrestricted
332

Facilitating Indigenous cultural safety and anti-racism training: affect and the emergence of new relationships and social change

Erb, Tara Lise 28 April 2020 (has links)
While the uptake of cultural safety initiatives is increasing in professional environments, literature on cultural safety lacks reference to the lived experiences and demands of facilitating Indigenous cultural safety training. Using a qualitative and Indigenous approach, this study examined the various challenges and successes involved in facilitating Indigenous cultural safety and anti-racism training from the perspective of facilitators. The diverse sample comprised of 11 facilitators and included those who identified as Indigenous, non-Indigenous or mixed; those who identified as male or female; and those who have worked in post-secondary, healthcare and/or private sector environments. Findings indicate that facilitators, typically highly skilled and perceptive individuals grounded in their identity and critical race analyses, used affect and affective activities that challenge participants to interrogate the ways that power and privilege influence their everyday interpersonal and professional relationships. Affect theory describes the ways in which our bodies have the potential to be creative and respond in new ways; affect and affective activities in Indigenous cultural safety training increased the likelihood of a bodily emergence among participants, which is a necessary and critical turning point to create new relationships to land, others and self. Furthermore, the findings suggest that cultural safety training represents potentially risky spaces, as facilitators must constantly assess and manage the risks of harm, emotional distress and/or taxation for participants and themselves. Finally, the findings reveal possible supports necessary for facilitators to continue this important work. Overall, the findings demonstrate how affect and emergence is foundational to decolonialization and sustainable social change. / Graduate / 2021-04-22
333

Job Satisfaction in Teams: A Multi-Level Theory of Emergence and Consequences

Haarhaus, Benjamin 16 June 2017 (has links)
Job satisfaction is the central attitude about work and can be considered among the most important constructs in organizational psychology and managerial practice. While scholars traditionally focused on job satisfaction of individual employees, the ongoing shift from individual to team-based working led to a new emphasis of satisfaction in the context of teams. Specifically, the focus on job satisfaction as an individual-level construct was complemented by a group-level perspective, which describes the satisfaction of teams as a whole. Furthermore, employees’ satisfaction with the team (i.e., team satisfaction) appeared as a new facet on the research agenda. Although research on job satisfaction in teams has grown in recent years, it still faces important challenges. The main problem is that prior research mostly viewed satisfaction in teams from a single-level perspective and conceptualized it as construct that is shared by all team members, overlooking that exclusion and polarization processes might lead to other than uniform satisfaction patterns. Second, while the literature already established a relationship between teams’ average satisfaction and performance, authors so far devoted only little attention to multi-level conceptualizations, neglecting that satisfaction on different levels of analysis can have different effects on emergent states, team processes, and performance. Finally, a lack of validated scales to assess satisfaction in teams forces researchers to rely on ad-hoc measures, on scales that were adapted from different research contexts, and on single-item measures, which complicates the testing of theoretical models, and the prediction and improvement of performance of individuals and teams. This dissertation addresses these challenges in a series of four studies. Study 1 presents a conceptual multi-level framework of team satisfaction. Current theorizing on team satisfaction as a group-level construct and its relationship to team performance faces two challenges: (1) a merely consensus-based conceptualization of team satisfaction at the group level and (2) a neglect of multi-level effects. This limits our understanding of team satisfaction and its influence on team performance because team members’ satisfaction does not always emerge as a uniform group-level construct. In this case, current theory cannot adequately explain the relationship between team satisfaction and team performance. In this conceptual paper, my co-authors and I develop a typology of different forms of team satisfaction (uniform, fragmented, deviate, and bimodal satisfaction), and introduce a multi-level framework that explains how these forms affect team performance within and across different levels of analysis. Based on our framework, we propose that the forms of team satisfaction affect emergent states, such as cohesiveness and trust climate, and team processes, such as cooperation and conflict resolution, that affect team performance beyond the effects of team members’ individual level of satisfaction. The paper contributes to current theory about team satisfaction and its relationship to team performance. Study 2a focuses on a methodological problem concerning the measurement of job satisfaction. Although an economical and differentiated assessment of job satisfaction is important for research and practice, German job satisfaction scales are often extensive or cannot differentiate between satisfaction facets. In order to fill this gap, I construct and validate a short questionnaire to assess general job satisfaction as well as satisfaction with the work itself, coworkers, promotions, pay, and supervision. First, I derive a large item pool from different versions of the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) and its German equivalent Arbeitsbeschreibungsbogen (ABB). Second, based on data collected with an online survey (N = 217), I subsequently reduce the item pool to a 30-item short questionnaire. Finally, I cross-validate the short questionnaire with an independent sample (N = 377). Given its satisfactory psychometric properties, the new scales allow for a reliable, valid, and economical measurement of job satisfaction and its facets in the German language. Study 2b adapts these newly developed scales to the context of teams. Studies that assess satisfaction in the team context usually rely on ad-hoc measures that are not validated and difficult to compare across studies. To address this problem, Study 2b adapts the scales developed in Study 2a to the team context and validates them using the data from 202 team members working in 47 teams. Despite a small method bias due to reverse-coded items, the scales’ psychometric properties are satisfactory. The results further show that, in contrast to non-team contexts, satisfaction with the team members appears to be the most important facet of satisfaction as it exhibits the strongest relationships with performance-related criteria and overall satisfaction. In summary, the results suggest that the adapted scales provide for a reliable and valid measurement of satisfaction in the context of teams. Study 3 addresses the emergence of job satisfaction in teams by examining homogeneity of satisfaction. Job satisfaction homogeneity is necessary for aggregating team members’ job satisfaction to the group level, and affects team-related outcomes such as social integration, team cohesion, and absenteeism. However, our understanding of the processes that lead to shared satisfaction is limited. Based on affective events theory, I test competing hypotheses about situational, dispositional, and social antecedents of satisfaction homogeneity. Path analyses based on data from 415 team members working in 110 teams suggest that job satisfaction homogeneity primarily depends on characteristics of the working environment, and to a lesser extent on team members’ personality traits. Unlike earlier studies, the study finds no evidence that social interaction leads to agreement in job satisfaction. Additionally, the study partly replicates the finding that satisfaction homogeneity moderates the group-level satisfaction—team performance relationship. Taken together, the studies comprising this dissertation contribute to three research domains — emergence, measurement, and consequences — of job satisfaction in teams. Concerning emergence, the studies comprising this dissertation present strong arguments and empirical evidence why satisfaction dispersion can occur in real-life teams, which marks a departure from the former emphasis on satisfaction as a shared group-level construct. In particular, whereas Study 1 argues that team satisfaction can emerge as a configural construct on the group-level in addition to uniform satisfaction, Study 3 analyzes the antecedents of satisfaction homogeneity. Concerning measurement, the results of Studies 2a and 2b provide valuable shortscales for future research and organizational practice that can be used to assess overall and facet-specific job satisfaction in team and non-team contexts. Given their individual-level nature, scale scores can be interpreted in cases without sufficient consensus and can be used for a variety of research questions at different levels of analysis. Finally, concerning consequences, this research emphasizes the importance of satisfaction facets and configurations for the relationship to team performance. Whereas Study 2b showed that facets of satisfaction are differently related to individual-level and group-level performance criteria, the theorizing of Study 1 and the findings of Study 3 build on and advance prior studies that have shown that differences in jo satisfaction are meaningful in the team context. A further contribution of this dissertation lies in the development of a multi-level input-mediator-outcome framework which advances prior team effectiveness frameworks and connects to a wide range of research areas. Taken together, the theorizing and empirical findings of this dissertation show that a configural and multi-level conceptualization is necessary to advance research on satisfaction in teams.:Index of Figures xi Index of Tables xii Abstract (English) xiii Abstract (German) xvii 1 Job Satisfaction in Teams: New Challenges for a Classic Construct 1 1.1 Relevance of the Topic 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Structure of the Dissertation 3 2 Conceptual Foundations 5 2.1 Job Satisfaction 5 2.1.1 Definition 5 2.1.2 Conceptual Approaches to Job Satisfaction 7 2.1.3 Measurement 9 2.1.4 Relevancy for Organizations, the Economy, and Employees 11 2.2 Teams and Workgroups 12 2.2.1 Definition and Nomenclature 13 2.2.2 Classifying Teams and Teamwork 14 2.2.3 Teamwork Processes and Emergence 14 3 Research on Satisfaction in Teams 16 3.1 Review of the Literature 16 3.2 The Emergence of Shared Satisfaction 23 3.3 Consequences of Satisfaction in Teams 24 3.4 Identification of Research Gaps and Problems in the Literature 25 3.5 Overview over the Research Program 27 4 Study 1: Uniform and Configural Team Satisfaction and Performance: A Multi-
Level Framework 31 4.1 Introduction 32 4.2 Team Satisfaction: Conceptualization and Emergence 33 4.3 Shared and Configural Conceptualizations of Team Satisfaction 35 4.4 A Multi-Level Framework of Team Satisfaction 37 4.5 The Influence of Team Satisfaction on Performance 40 4.5.1 Uniform Satisfaction 40 4.5.2 Comparing the Forms of Configural Satisfaction to Uniform Satisfaction 41 4.5.3 Comparing the Forms of Configural Satisfaction with Each Other 43 4.5.4 Feedback Loops 45 4.6 Discussion 46 4.6.1 Theoretical Implications 46 4.6.2 Implications for Measurement 47 4.6.3 Implications for Future Research 48 4.7 Conclusion 49 5 Study 2a: Construction and Validation of a Short Measure to Assess General 
and Facet-Specific Job Satisfaction 51 5.1 Einleitung 52 5.2 Deutschsprachige Verfahren zur Messung von Arbeitszufriedenheit 53 5.3 Hintergrund der Skalenentwicklung 55 5.4 Entwicklung des initialen Itempools 56 5.5 Validierungshypothesen 56 5.5.1 Faktorielle Validität 56 5.5.2 Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität 56 5.6 Methode 58 5.6.1 Stichproben 58 5.6.2 Verwendete Skalen und Maße 59 5.6.3 Itemselektion und Skalenbildung 60 5.7 Ergebnisse 62 5.7.1 Faktorielle Validität 62 5.7.2 Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität 64 5.8 Diskussion 66 6 Study 2b: Measuring Satisfaction in Teams — An Adaptation of the KAFA Scales 69 6.1 Introduction 70 6.2 Adapting the KAFA Scales to the Team Context 70 6.3 Validation Hypotheses 73 6.3.1 Factorial Validity 73 6.3.2 Correlational Pattern 73 6.3.3 Construct Validity 73 6.4 Method 74 6.4.1 Sample 74 6.4.2 Measures 74 6.5 Results 75 6.5.1 Item and Scale Statistics 75 6.5.2 Factorial Validity 76 6.5.3 Correlational Pattern 78 6.5.4 Construct Validity 78 6.6 Discussion 79 7 Study 3: Uncovering Cognitive and Affective Sources of Satisfaction Homogeneity 
in Work Teams 83 7.1 Introduction 84 7.2 Satisfaction Homogeneity: Conceptualization and Review 84 7.3 Affective and Cognitive Routes to Job Satisfaction 86 7.4 Situational, Dispositional, and Social Antecedents of Satisfaction Homogeneity 87 7.4.1 Situational Antecedents 88 7.4.2 Dispositional Antecedents 89 7.4.3 Social Antecedents 90 7.5 Method 91 7.5.1 Sample 91 7.5.2 Measures 92 7.6 Results 94 7.6.1 Preliminary Analyses 94 7.6.2 Model Estimation 96 7.6.3 Testing of Hypotheses 98 7.6.4 Supplemental Analyses 99 7.7 Discussion 101 7.7.1 Implications for Research 103 7.7.2 Limitations and Future Research 104 7.7.3 Conclusion 105 8 General Discussion 107 8.1 Summary and Integration of Findings 107 8.2 Implications for Theory and Research 112 8.3 Implications for Managerial Practice 118 8.4 Methodological Implications 120 8.5 Strengths and Limitations 122 8.6 Conclusion 124 References 125 Appendix 148 / Arbeitszufriedenheit ist die zentrale Einstellung gegenüber der Arbeit und zählt zu den wichtigsten Konstrukten in der Organisationspsychologie und der praktischen Personalarbeit. Traditionellerweise beschäftigte sich die Forschung mit der Arbeitszufriedenheit individueller Mitarbeiter. Der anhaltende Trend hin zu team-basierten Arbeitsformen führte jedoch zu einer Betonung der Arbeitszufriedenheit im Teamkontext. Zum einen wurde der Fokus auf Arbeitszufriedenheit als Konstrukt auf der Individualebene durch eine Gruppenlevel-Perspektive ergänzt, die die Zufriedenheit von Teams beschreibt. Zum anderen erschien Team-Zufriedenheit, die Zufriedenheit mit dem Team, als eine spezifische (Sub-)Facette von Arbeitszufriedenheit auf der Forschungsagenda. Obwohl die Forschung zu Arbeitszufriedenheit in Teams in der Vergangenheit große Fortschritte verzeichnen konnte, sieht sie sich nach wie vor wichtigen Herausforderungen gegenüber. Das Hauptproblem ist in der Konzeptionalisierung von Gruppen-Level-Zufriedenheit ausschließlich als geteilte Eigenschaft des Teams und im Verzicht auf Mehr-Ebenen-Konzeptionen zu sehen. Die Möglichkeit, dass Exklusions- und Polarisierungsprozesse zu anderen als uniformen Zufriedenheitsverteilungen führen könnten, wird in der Regel nicht betrachtet. Ein weiteres Problem besteht darin, dass sich die Forschung insbesondere auf durchschnittliche oder summierte Zufriedenheit konzentriert, um den Zusammenhang von Zufriedenheit auf Gruppenebene und Teamleistung zu erklären. Mehr-Ebenen-Konzeptionen, die unterschiedliche Effekte auf Teamprozesse, Teameigenschaften und Teamleistung auf verschiedenen Analyseebenen beleuchten, werden nicht betrachtet. Schlussendlich ist das Fehlen validierter Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Zufriedenheit in Teams zu konstatieren. Forscher greifen daher häufig auf Ad-hoc-Maße, Ein-Item-Skalen oder adaptierte Skalen aus anderen Forschungskontexten zurück, was sowohl das Testen theoretischer Modelle als auch die Vorhersage und Verbesserung von Individual- und Gruppenleistung erschwert. Die Dissertation befasst sich mit diesen Herausforderungen in vier Studien. In Studie 1 wird ein konzeptionelles Mehrebenen-Rahmenmodell von Arbeitszufriedenheit in Teams entwickelt. Das derzeitige Verständnis von Arbeitszufriedenheit in Teams und ihrem Zusammenhang zur Teamleistung ist durch zwei Probleme gekennzeichnet: (1) ein ausschließlich konsensbasiertes Konzept von Zufriedenheit auf Gruppenebene sowie (2) die Vernachlässigung von Mehrebenen-Effekten. Diese schränken das Verständnis von Zufriedenheit auf Gruppenebene und ihrem Zusammenhang zur Teamleistung ein, da aus der Arbeitszufriedenheit einzelner Teammitglieder nicht immer geteilte Zufriedenheit entsteht. Da der Zusammenhang zwischen Zufriedenheit auf Gruppenebene und Teamleistung mit den derzeitigen Ansätzen nur unzureichend erklärt werden kann, entwickeln meine Koautoren und ich in Studie 1 eine Typologie von Zufriedenheitsformen (uniforme, fragmentierte, abweichende und deviante Zufriedenheit), und stellen ein Mehrebenen-Rahmenmodell vor, das den Zusammenhang dieser Formen und Teamleistung innerhalb und zwischen verschiedenen Analyseebenen erklärt. Auf Basis des Rahmenmodells stellen wir dar, dass die Zufriedenheitsformen emergente Eigenschaften wie die Teamkohäsion und das Vertrauensklima sowie Teamprozesse wie Kooperation und Konfliktlösung beeinflussen. Diese wiederum beeinflussen die Teamleistung über die individuelle Zufriedenheit hinaus. Die Studie leistet einen Beitrag zur aktuellen Forschung zur Teamzufriedenheit und ihrem Zusammenhang zur Teamleistung. Studie 2a befasst sich mit dem methodischen Problem der Messung von Arbeitszufriedenheit. Obwohl eine ökonomische und differenzierte Erfassung von Arbeitszufriedenheit für Forschung und betriebliche Praxis von hoher Relevanz ist, sind deutschsprachige Messinstrumente meist sehr umfangreich oder nicht in der Lage, zwischen Zufriedenheitsfacetten zu differenzieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund besteht das Ziel des Beitrags darin, einen Kurzfragebogen zu entwickeln und zu validieren, mit dem sich die Gesamtzufriedenheit sowie die Zufriedenheit mit den Tätigkeiten, Kolleginnen und Kollegen, Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten, der Bezahlung und der/dem Vorgesetzten messen lassen. Hierfür wird zunächst auf Basis verschiedener Versionen des Job Descriptive Index (JDI) und des Arbeitsbeschreibungsbogens (ABB) ein umfangreicher Itempool abgeleitet. Dieser wird anschließend mit Daten einer Onlinebefragung (N = 217) zu einem 30 Items umfassenden Kurzfragebogen verdichtet. Der neu entwickelte Kurzfragebogen wird schlussendlich an einer zweiten, unabhängigen Stichprobe (N = 377) kreuzvalidiert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass das neu entwickelte Verfahren in der Lage ist, Arbeitszufriedenheit und ihre Facetten reliabel, valide und ökonomisch zu messen. In Studie 2b werden die neu entwickelten Skalen auf den Teamkontext adaptiert. Frühere Studien nutzten in der Regel Ad-hoc-Maße, die nicht sorgfältig entwickelt und validiert sind, häufig keine Differenzierung von Zufriedenheitsfacetten zulassen und deren Messergebnisse sich nur eingeschränkt zwischen Studien vergleichen lassen. An den Items und Vignetten der in Studie 2a entwickelten Skalen wurden daher linguistische Anpassungen vorgenommen und die adaptieren Skalen anschließend mit Daten von 202 Teammitgliedern aus 47 Teams validiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die psychometrische Qualität der Items und Skalen, abgesehen von einem schwachen Methoden-Bias aufgrund negativ kodierter Items, solide und vergleichbar zu der der Original-Skalen ist. Darüber hinaus offenbart die Studie Unterschiede zur Arbeitszufriedenheit in Nicht-Team-Kontexten. Insbesondere zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass die Zufriedenheit mit den Tätigkeiten nur eine untergeordnete Rolle für die Gesamtzufriedenheit sowie für individuelle und teambezogene Leistungsmaße spielt. Insgesamt deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die adaptierten Skalen eine zuverlässige und valide Messung von Arbeitszufriedenheit im Teamkontext ermöglichen. Studie 3 befasst sich mit der Emergenz von Arbeitszufriedenheit in Teams, insbesondere mit ihrer Homogenität. Zufriedenheitshomogenität ist eine wichtige Grundvoraussetzung, um individuelle Zufriedenheitsurteile zu einem Gruppenkonstrukt zu aggregieren und wirkt sich auf verschiedene Teammaße, wie z.B. soziale Integration, Kohäsion und Absentismus aus. Die Prozesse, die eine geteilte Zufriedenheitsstruktur begünstigen, sind jedoch noch weitgehend unklar. Auf Basis der Theorie affektiver Ereignisse werden in dieser Studie alternative Hypothesen zu situativen, dispositionalen und sozialen Einflussfaktoren auf Zufriedenheitshomogenität getestet. Pfadanalysen (n = 415 Teammitglieder; N = 110 Teams) zeigen, dass Zufriedenheitshomogenität primär von der Arbeitsumgebung und zu einem geringeren Ausmaß von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen der Teammitglieder abhängt. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Studien konnten keine Effekte sozialer Interaktion auf Zufriedenheitshomogenität nachgewiesen werden. Zudem werden frühere Untersuchungen teilweise repliziert, die zeigen konnten, dass Zufriedenheitshomogenität den Zusammenhang zwischen Zufriedenheit auf Gruppenebene und Teamleistung moderiert. Im Zusammenhang leisten die vier Studien dieser Dissertation Beiträge zu den Forschungsbereichen Emergenz, Messung und Konsequenzen von Zufriedenheit in Teams. Bezüglich der Emergenz auf Gruppenebene liefern die zusammengefassten Ergebnisse sowohl theoretische Argumente als auch empirische Evidenz, wieso Zufriedenheit in Teams unterschiedlich verteilt sein kann und stellt damit eine Abkehr vom vorherrschenden Fokus auf geteilte Zufriedenheit dar. Während Studie 1 postuliert, dass sich Teamzufriedenheit nicht nur zu einer uniformen, sondern auch zu einer konfiguralen Eigenschaft auf Gruppenebene entwickeln kann, untersucht Studie 3 die Emergenz zu einem geteilten bzw. uniformen Gruppenkonstrukt. Bezüglich der Messung von Zufriedenheit liefern die Ergebnisse von Studien 2a und 2b wertvolle Kurzskalen für die Forschung und Praxis, die zur Erfassung von allgemeiner und facettenspezifischer Zufriedenheit sowohl im Teamkontext als auch in anderen Kontexten genutzt werden können. Da die Skalen die Zufriedenheit auf der Individual-Ebene erfassen, lassen sich die Messergebnisse auch ohne hinreichende Übereinstimmung im Team interpretieren und sind daher für verschiedene Forschungsfragen auf verschiedenen Analyse-Ebenen nutzbar. Bezüglich der Konsequenzen von Zufriedenheit verdeutlichen die Ergebnisse die Wichtigkeit von Zufriedenheitsfacetten und -konfigurationen für den Zusammenhang zur Teamleistung. Während Studie 2b zeigen konnte, dass sich unterschiedliche Facetten von Zufriedenheit in unterschiedlichem Maße auf gruppenbezogene Leistungsmaße auswirken, verdeutlichen die Befunde aus Studien 1 und 3 die Relevanz von Zufriedenheitsdifferenzen im Teamkontext. Die Dissertation leistet einen weiteren Beitrag in Form der Entwicklung eines Mehrebenen-Rahmenmodells, das in Studie 1 vorgestellt wird. Das neue Rahmenmodell stellt eine Weiterentwicklung vorheriger Rahmenmodelle zur Teameffektivität dar und ist an verschiedene Forschungsbereiche anschlussfähig. In ihrer Gesamtheit zeigen die theoretischen und empirischen Befunde dieser Dissertation, dass eine konfigurale Mehrebenenkonzeption nötig ist, um die Forschung zur Arbeitszufriedenheit in Teams weiterzuentwickeln.:Index of Figures xi Index of Tables xii Abstract (English) xiii Abstract (German) xvii 1 Job Satisfaction in Teams: New Challenges for a Classic Construct 1 1.1 Relevance of the Topic 1 1.2 Research Objectives 2 1.3 Structure of the Dissertation 3 2 Conceptual Foundations 5 2.1 Job Satisfaction 5 2.1.1 Definition 5 2.1.2 Conceptual Approaches to Job Satisfaction 7 2.1.3 Measurement 9 2.1.4 Relevancy for Organizations, the Economy, and Employees 11 2.2 Teams and Workgroups 12 2.2.1 Definition and Nomenclature 13 2.2.2 Classifying Teams and Teamwork 14 2.2.3 Teamwork Processes and Emergence 14 3 Research on Satisfaction in Teams 16 3.1 Review of the Literature 16 3.2 The Emergence of Shared Satisfaction 23 3.3 Consequences of Satisfaction in Teams 24 3.4 Identification of Research Gaps and Problems in the Literature 25 3.5 Overview over the Research Program 27 4 Study 1: Uniform and Configural Team Satisfaction and Performance: A Multi-
Level Framework 31 4.1 Introduction 32 4.2 Team Satisfaction: Conceptualization and Emergence 33 4.3 Shared and Configural Conceptualizations of Team Satisfaction 35 4.4 A Multi-Level Framework of Team Satisfaction 37 4.5 The Influence of Team Satisfaction on Performance 40 4.5.1 Uniform Satisfaction 40 4.5.2 Comparing the Forms of Configural Satisfaction to Uniform Satisfaction 41 4.5.3 Comparing the Forms of Configural Satisfaction with Each Other 43 4.5.4 Feedback Loops 45 4.6 Discussion 46 4.6.1 Theoretical Implications 46 4.6.2 Implications for Measurement 47 4.6.3 Implications for Future Research 48 4.7 Conclusion 49 5 Study 2a: Construction and Validation of a Short Measure to Assess General 
and Facet-Specific Job Satisfaction 51 5.1 Einleitung 52 5.2 Deutschsprachige Verfahren zur Messung von Arbeitszufriedenheit 53 5.3 Hintergrund der Skalenentwicklung 55 5.4 Entwicklung des initialen Itempools 56 5.5 Validierungshypothesen 56 5.5.1 Faktorielle Validität 56 5.5.2 Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität 56 5.6 Methode 58 5.6.1 Stichproben 58 5.6.2 Verwendete Skalen und Maße 59 5.6.3 Itemselektion und Skalenbildung 60 5.7 Ergebnisse 62 5.7.1 Faktorielle Validität 62 5.7.2 Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität 64 5.8 Diskussion 66 6 Study 2b: Measuring Satisfaction in Teams — An Adaptation of the KAFA Scales 69 6.1 Introduction 70 6.2 Adapting the KAFA Scales to the Team Context 70 6.3 Validation Hypotheses 73 6.3.1 Factorial Validity 73 6.3.2 Correlational Pattern 73 6.3.3 Construct Validity 73 6.4 Method 74 6.4.1 Sample 74 6.4.2 Measures 74 6.5 Results 75 6.5.1 Item and Scale Statistics 75 6.5.2 Factorial Validity 76 6.5.3 Correlational Pattern 78 6.5.4 Construct Validity 78 6.6 Discussion 79 7 Study 3: Uncovering Cognitive and Affective Sources of Satisfaction Homogeneity 
in Work Teams 83 7.1 Introduction 84 7.2 Satisfaction Homogeneity: Conceptualization and Review 84 7.3 Affective and Cognitive Routes to Job Satisfaction 86 7.4 Situational, Dispositional, and Social Antecedents of Satisfaction Homogeneity 87 7.4.1 Situational Antecedents 88 7.4.2 Dispositional Antecedents 89 7.4.3 Social Antecedents 90 7.5 Method 91 7.5.1 Sample 91 7.5.2 Measures 92 7.6 Results 94 7.6.1 Preliminary Analyses 94 7.6.2 Model Estimation 96 7.6.3 Testing of Hypotheses 98 7.6.4 Supplemental Analyses 99 7.7 Discussion 101 7.7.1 Implications for Research 103 7.7.2 Limitations and Future Research 104 7.7.3 Conclusion 105 8 General Discussion 107 8.1 Summary and Integration of Findings 107 8.2 Implications for Theory and Research 112 8.3 Implications for Managerial Practice 118 8.4 Methodological Implications 120 8.5 Strengths and Limitations 122 8.6 Conclusion 124 References 125 Appendix 148
334

Emergent geometry from D-Branes

Rovai, Antonin 11 September 2013 (has links)
In this thesis, we explain and illustrate on several examples how to derive supergravity solutions by computing observables in the corresponding dual, lower-dimensional field theory.<p>In particular, no a priori knowledge on the gravitational dual is assumed, including its dimensionality. The basic idea to construct the pre-geometric models is to consider the world-volume theory of probe D-branes in the presence of a large number N of higher-dimensional background branes. In the standard decoupling limit, the probes are moving only in the flat directions parallel to the background D-branes. We show however that the quantum effective action of the probe world-volume theory, obtained at large $N$ using standard vector model techniques, has the required field content to be interpreted as the action describing the probes in a higher-dimensional, curved and classical spacetime. The properties of the emerging supergravity solution are easily found by comparing the quantum effective action of the pre-geometric model with the non-abelian D-brane action. In all the examples we consider, this allows us to derive the metric, the dilaton and various form fields, overall performing exclusively field theoretic computations.<p><p>The first part of the thesis consists of introductory chapters, where we review vector models at large N, aspects of brane physics in supergravity and string theory and the gauge/gravity correspondence. The second part contains the original contributions of this thesis, consisting of various explicit emergent geometry examples.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
335

Proměna komunikačních modelů v kyberprostoru / The Trasformation of Communication Models within Cyberspace

Bešťáková, Martina January 2014 (has links)
Diploma thesis The transformation of communication models within cyberspace deals with the topic of communication on five current social network sites (Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube and Instagram). First part of the thesis focuses on theoretical background of traditional communication models. Selected models include: Shannon and Weaver Communication Model, Cultural and Ritual Model, Jakobson's Model, Publicity Model and communication model created by Vilem Flusser and Palo Alto School. Networked communication has been undergoing fast development which has caused that some communication models became obsolete. Thus it is necessary to define new communication features on social network sites, since these changes in conjunction with technology development and needs of contemporary society. User activity, cycle and egocentric communication processes, up-to-date and spontaneous content are the characteristic features of current communication on social network sites.
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Modélisation de la température du sol avec un bilan d’énergie, application à la prédiction de l’émergence du maïs (Zea mais) / Modelling soil temperature with an energy balance model, application to prediction of maize (Zea mais) emergence

Claverie, Etienne 18 May 2018 (has links)
La croissance en début de cycle des grandes cultures est principalement influencée par la température et la teneur en eau du sol. Nous avons développé un modèle capable de prédire ces variables grâce à l’utilisation de données climatiques largement disponibles. Des analyses de la sensibilité du modèle nous ont permis d’identifier les composants qui contribuent à son incertitude. Après calibration, une erreur moyenne relative de moins de 10 % est constatée pour la température et la teneur en eau à 30 cm de profondeur.Dans des conditions de semis standard en Suisse, l’émergence du maïs a été mieux prédite en utilisant notre température de sol simulée plutôt que la température de l’air, plus couramment utilisée. Ce travail est une application d’un modèle biophysique complexe à un problème agronomique. Les résultats participeront à l’optimisation de l’effort de sélection des variétés tolérantes au froid. Deux pistes de recherche peuvent être considérées pour des futurs travaux: une meilleure modélisation de l’évaporation et une décomposition de l’émergence. / The beginning of crop growth is influenced by soil temperature and water content near the surface. We have developed a model that predicts the local temperature and water content surrounding the seed using easily available meteorological data. Our global sensitivity analysis helped us identify the components of the model with the largest contribution to the output uncertainty. After calibration, the model showed less than 10 % relative error for temperature and water content at 30 cm. In standard sowing conditions in north-western Switzerland, the emergence was better predicted when using our simulated seed bed temperature than air temperature, the classical proxy variable. Combining the emergence model with soil temperature simulation, an accurate prediction of emergence was achieved. This work is an example of applying complex biophysics model for understanding an agronomic problem. The results of this work will participate in optimising breeding efforts for cold-tolerant crop varieties. Future investigations should consider a finer modelling of processes for evaporation and emergence.
337

From Language to Thought: On the Logical Foundations of Semantic Theory

Sbardolini, Giorgio 03 July 2019 (has links)
No description available.
338

Roost Selection and Seasonal Activity of a Remnant Population of Northern Myotis (<i>Myotis septentrionalis</i>) in Pennsylvania

Lewis, Mattea A. January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
339

Optimization of ovarian superstimulation before ovum pick-up and in vitro embryo production in pregnant cattle

Hayden, Cameron 22 December 2022 (has links)
No description available.
340

Patienters upplevelse av postoperativ konfusion på vårdavdelning

Qvist, Josefin, Sigrén, Emilia January 2023 (has links)
Background: Emergence delirium is a transient change in mental function and is a common complication in the postoperative period. The condition is characterized by emotional disturbances, lack of ability to think clearly, disorientation and hallucinations. Emergence delirium is associated with both suffering for the patient and a longer period of care. Method: Literature review with a qualitative approach and a descriptive design. The result is based on ten scientific qualitative original articles. All articles have been quality reviewed using SBU's (2022a) review template and the content has been analyzed through Forsberg and Wengström's (2016) content analysis. Aim: The aim was to investigate patients' experiences of postoperative confusion in hospital departments. Results: Three themes emerged in the results; the experience of being in emergence delirium, interaction with staff and environmental impact. Emotional experiences and feelings of a distorted picture of reality emerged. The environment in the care department was perceived to have a negative impact on the disease state. Suffering was a major factor that was experienced as burdensome. A minority described a positive picture of their experience. The condition made communication and interaction with healthcare staff complicated. Patients experienced obstacles in conveying their will, and healthcare professionals were therefore unable to provide the person-centred care that every patient is entitled to. Conclusion: Emergence delirium caused problems in the care of patients. The experience of a distorted picture of reality together with the emotional strain was suffering. Difficulty with communication created a disturbed interaction with healthcare staff, which led to problems in the care of patients. The nurse's way of meeting the patient in suffering contributed to the patient's experience. / Bakgrund: Akut konfusion är en övergående förändring i den mentala funktionen och är en vanlig komplikation i det postoperativa skedet. Tillståndet kännetecknas av känslomässiga störningar, bristande förmåga att tänka klart, desorientering samt hallucinationer. Akut konfusion är associerat med både lidande för patienten och en längre vårdtid. Metod: Litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats och en beskrivande design. Resultatet grundar sig på tio vetenskapliga kvalitativa originalartiklar. Samtliga artiklar har kvalitetsgranskats med SBU:s (2022a) granskningsmall och innehållet har analyserats genom Forsberg och Wengströms (2016) innehållsanalys. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka patienters upplevelser av postoperativ konfusion på vårdavdelning.  Resultat: I resultatet framkom tre teman; upplevelsen att befinna sig i akut konfusion, interaktion med personal och miljöpåverkan. Det framkom emotionella upplevelser och känslor av en förvrängd verklighetsbild. Miljön på vårdavdelningen upplevdes ha en negativ inverkan på sjukdomstillståndet. Lidande var en stor faktor som upplevdes betungande. En minoritet beskrev en positiv bild av sin upplevelse. Tillståndet gjorde kommunikation och interaktion med vårdpersonal komplicerad. Patienter upplevde hinder i att förmedla sin vilja och vårdpersonal kunde därför inte ge en personcentrerad vård som varje patient har rätt till. Slutsats: Akut konfusion medförde problematik i vårdandet av patienter. Upplevelsen av en förvrängd verklighetsbild tillsammans med den emotionella påfrestningen var ett lidande. Svårighet med kommunikation skapade en störd interaktion med vårdpersonal, vilket medförde problematik i vårdandet av patienter. Sjuksköterskans sätt att möta patienten i lidande bidrog till patientens upplevelse.

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