Knowledge of the spatial distribution of soil textural properties at the watershed scale is important for understanding spatial patterns of water movement, and in determining soil moisture storage and soil hydraulic transport properties. Capturing the heterogeneous nature of the subsurface without exhaustive and costly sampling presents a significant challenge. Soil scientists and geologists have adapted geophysical methods that measure a surrogate property related to the vital underlying process. Apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) is such a proxy, providing a measure of charge mobility due to application of an electric field, and is highly correlated to the electrical conductivity of the soil solution, clay percentage, and water content. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) provides the possibility of obtaining high resolution images of ECa across a landscape to identify subtle changes in subsurface properties. The aim of this study was to better characterize subsurface textural properties using EMI mapping and geostatistical analysis techniques. The effect of variable temperature environments on EMI instrumental response, and ECa - depth relationship were first determined. Then a procedure of repeated EMI mapping at varying soil water content was developed and integrated with temporal stability analysis to capture the time invariant properties of spatial soil texture on an agricultural field. In addition, an EMI imaging approach of densely sampling the subsurface of the Reynolds Mountain East watershed was presented using kriging to interpolate, and Sequential Gaussian Simulation to estimate the uncertainty in the maps. Due to the relative time-invariant characteristics of textural properties, it was possible to correlate clay samples collected over three seasons to ECa data of one mapping event. Kriging methods [ordinary kriging (OK), cokriging (CK), and regression kriging (RK)] were then used to integrate various levels of information (clay percentage, ECa, and spatial location) to produce clay percentage prediction maps. Leave-one-out cross-validation showed that the multivariate estimation methods CK and RK, incorporating the better sampled surrogate ECa, were able to improve the RMSE by 7% and 28%, respectively, relative to OK. Electromagnetic induction measurements provide an important exhaustive layer of information that can improve the quality and resolution of soil property maps used in hydrological and environmental research.

Soil salinity, a yield-limiting condition, has plagued crop production for centuries by reducing crop productivity. Research has introduced methods for successfully managing soil salinity. This research discusses the adaptation of established management methods to create new soil salinity management techniques. One adapted technique is an automated crop screening apparatus. A new design was created and successfully used in rapidly screening two strawberry cultivars to determine their tolerance to salinity. Screening crops and determining their tolerance to yield-limiting conditions are essential in managing soil salinity. Another salinity management tool used in this research was electromagnetic induction (EMI). EMI was used to complete a basin-scale inventory over an 18,000 ha study area in Cache County, Utah. The data obtained during the inventory were used to create EMI calibration models and a basin-scale map showing the spatial distribution of apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa). These new methods for crop tolerance screenings and basin-scale salinity inventories will assist in successfully managing soil salinity and decrease its effect on the global food supply.

Rapid internationalization of European higher education has resulted in a considerable increase in the number of English-medium instruction (EMI) degree programs now implemented at all levels of instruction. While this change of medium provides increased academic opportunities for all university stakeholders, the use of English by non-native speakers for teaching and learning in non-Anglosphere countries necessitates consideration of the ramifications of EMI. This study was motivated by the growing discussion of the challenges of English-medium instruction confronting lecturers for whom English is a foreign language. This case study investigated how 10 experienced lecturers in the natural sciences at the University of Copenhagen define their own teacher identity, and, their perceptions of any effects on their identity when shifting from Danish-medium instruction to English-medium instruction. This study utilized a multi-method approach to allow fuller access into the teachers' cognitions, and to overcome the weaknesses that arise from the use of self-report surveys to collect thoughts and perceptions. This approach comprised classroom observation of graduate level lectures, stimulated recall of these teaching events, and individual semi-structured interviews with the lecturers. The observations and stimulated recall served as a scaffold on which the interviews were built. In addition to questions directly focused on identity, the interviews also included two card sorting activities as elicitation devices. The analysis drew on the lecturers' comments and concerns related specifically to their underlying teacher cognitions about professional expertise, professional authority, and professional identity when teaching outside one's mother tongue in a multicultural, multilingual graduate setting. The results provide: 1) a model of teacher identity for lecturers in the natural sciences, 2) evidence that experienced NNS lecturers of natural science EMI do not find that the identified challenges of teaching in a foreign language affect their personal sense of teacher identify, and 3) reflections on teacher cognition studies. The lecturers highlight teaching experience and pedagogic content knowledge as factors that are at the core of their teacher identity. While the findings here report that these lecturers express confidence and security in the EMI context, the results also confirm the instructional and linguistic challenges identified in previous EMI research. This suggests that university managementneed to acknowledge these challenges, and develop and implement both linguistic and pedagogic competence training programs to support the needs of less experienced EMI lecturers.

According to the regulation announced by Bureau of Standard, Metrology & Inspection (BSMI) of Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), lamp fixtures must follow safety and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standards. However, the self-ballasted fluorescent lamps in the fixture should only be approved by the safety test but not regulated by EMC standard. Obviously, fixtures without light bulbs do not generate any electromagnetic noise. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) comes from the fluorescent light bulb embedded with an electronic ballast which included an inverter with high-frequency switching. A variety of tests demonstrate evidently that a fixture with different self-ballasted compact fluorescent lamps may possibly violate the EMC standard, revealing the absurdity of the regulation. In fact, self-ballasted fluorescent lamps use mostly self-excited electronic ballasts. The operating frequencies for this kind of electronic ballasts can not be precisely controlled due to the influence of many factors. They are not operated at a specified frequency but in a frequency range. This means that the generated EMI spectrum is hardly predicted, especially when a fixture is fitted by light bulbs from several manufacturers. This research inducts the worst cases from numerous measurements on a fixture with 1 piece to 8 pieces of light bulbs, and then attempts to design an EMI filter for all cases. As a result, a lamp fixture with the filter at the line input terminal can suppress the EMI. As long as the consumer buys the lamp fixture which are installed with the EMI filter together with any bulb in use, EMI noise can comply with standard limits.

Open site measurement on the electromagnetic interference is the most direct and universally accepted standard approach for measuring radiated emissions from an equipment or the radiation susceptibility of a component or equipment. A site is qualified for testing EMI or not is decided by the antenna measurements. In this work, we use data from setups with di erent factors to find relations of measurement and the situation of antenna. A one change point model has been used to fit observed measurements and compare the di erences with two kinds of antenna (broadband antenna and dipole antenna). However, with only one change point model it may not give a suitable fit for all data sets in this work. Therefore, we have tried other models and applied them to the data. Furthermore, we try to set up another standard more strict than ¡Ó4dB based on statistical inference results in deciding whether a site is a better one with more precision in measuring EMI values. Finally, a program by Matlab with a complete analysis based on the procedure performed here is provided, so that it may be used as a standard tool for evaluating whether a site is with good measurement quality in practice.

In this thesis, an alternative solution for designing power line conductive electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter by using the consecutive orthogonal array method is proposed. The circuit parameters of EMI filters to be determined are assigned as the control variables in the orthogonal arrays, and the average effects corresponding to each control variable are calculated from the measured results. In accordance with the inferential rules, the average effects are used as the observational indices to adjust the levels of the control variables of the subsequent orthogonal array. Through manipulating consecutive orthogonal arrays step by step, the applicable ranges of circuit parameters are approached with desired output performances. Finally, the component values of EMI filters with minimum size can be found. The design procedure and the inferential rules are described by illustrative examples for a single-stage high-power-factor converter.

Detailed soil and water data are essential to ensure the optimum long-term management of fields. The objective of this study was to estimate water table depths, spatially variable and layered soil properties using electromagnetic induction methods. Soil samples were collected and analyzed within two wild blueberry, a soybean-barley and a pasture fields. Observation wells were installed. The DualEM-2 was calibrated to predict the soil properties and groundwater depths. The apparent ground conductivity (ECa) and water table depths were measured simultaneously from each well, before and after every significant rainfall for three consecutive days. Comprehensive surveys were conducted in selected fields to measure ECa with DualEM-2. Survey data were imported in C++ program to estimate layered soil properties using mathematical models. Regression models were developed to predict soil properties and groundwater depths. The predicted soil properties and groundwater table maps were generated. This information can help to develop variable rate technologies.

This thesis explores EMI students’ perspective on the role of the English language, multilingualism and language proficiency focusing on EMI students at five different schools in the UAE and Sweden. In order to explore the students’ perspectives a survey was conducted using a questionnaire that was distributed via e-mails. Overall the results demonstrate that a clear majority of the 94 informants have a positive attitude towards attending EMI schools and multilingualism. 20 different languages are reported as first language or languages used in different contexts. Even so, English is undoubtedly the language most of the students declare as their strongest language- Also, English proficiency is regarded to be significant for future undertakings such as university studies and employment locally and internationally.

This case study investigates teachers’ and students’ perceptions about engaging with the disciplinary and linguistic demands of a new Italian law programme, launched for the first time in academic year 2006-2007, taught entirely in English in an Italian university. The study examines students’ and teachers’ perceptions as they engage with teaching and learning law in English. This is a timely international higher education case study, given present policy initiatives in the European Union (EU) towards upgrading language education in the region, and in parallel, raising Europeans’ language mastery and skills from monolingual to plurilingual status by promoting and improving the conditions for the learning of at least two additional foreign languages other than the mother tongue for all citizens. The case study is far-reaching in that the present need for cutting-edge methodology in the EU calls for renewed ways of articulating the curriculum to teach subjects and foreign languages. This study compares two new but very different pedagogical models, English as medium of instruction (EMI), the design adopted for teaching law in English at the Italian law programme, and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), a rival methodology which consists in the ‘integration’ of language and learning subjects within a single curriculum. Based on the data submitted, the study questions the assumption that teaching a subject in a foreign language at university automatically results in language learning. Given the nature and degree of complexity of the subjects taught in the courses researched, in satisfying the university requirements for high quality teaching and learning to achieve ‘high quality’ learning for all, there are certain conditions which impact the learning process (e.g., teaching approaches and styles, level and use of English by teachers and students, intercultural preparedness of students to work together). The study confidently predicts that without these pre-set design conditions, the type of teaching and learning methodology implemented in the programme examined, generalizable to other programmes, is destined to perpetuate poor quality delivery and unfulfilled educational goals.

Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire proposent une méthodologie d'étude des interférences électromagnétiques dans les systèmes intégrés RF. Cette thèse se focalise sur les problèmes de couplage rayonné en champ proche entre différentes parties d'une puce électronique ou entre circuits intégrés d'une carte.Ensuite cette méthodologie est appliquée sur deux cas d'études à différentes échelles, dans le premier cas l'étude du couplage entre un amplificateur de puissance 3G et un transceiver est présentée puis un modèle de couplage est réalisé reproduisant les effets parasites observés lors des mesures. Puis une étude pour extraire et évaluer les couplages entre blocs, ici inductance d'un VCO et structures proches, d'une puce électronique. Ensuite un modèle d'émission champ proche de ce circuit est proposé.Ces travaux mettent en évidence l'intérêt de réaliser des études CEM à chaque phase de conception d'un circuit ou d'un système ainsi que l'intérêt des mesures champ proche qui permettent de réaliser de l'investigation et du diagnostic CEM / The work presented in this PhD suggest a methodology for the study of electromagnetic interference in RF integrated systems. This thesis focuses on the problems of near-field radiated coupling between different parts of a chip or between ICs.Then this methodology is applied to two case studies on different scales, in the first case study the coupling between a 3G power amplifier and a transceiver is presented then a model of the coupling is made reproducing parasitic effects observed in measurements. Then a study to extract and evaluate the coupling between blocks, between a VCO inductor and nearby structures of a microchip. Then a near-field emission model of this circuit is proposed.These works demonstrate the interest of EMC studies in all phases of designing a circuit or system and the interest of near-field measurements that allow the realization of the investigation and diagnosis of EMC