The objectives of the study were: (1) to determine whether staff and leaders differ significantly in terms of their perceptions of leaders’ emotional intelligence and retention factors; (2) to investigate the relationship between personality types (as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), emotional intelligence (as measured by the Emotional Competency Profiler), and retention factors (as measured by the Retention Factor Scale); and (3) to determine whether demographical groups differ significantly in terms of the retention factor variables. A non-probability purposive sample of 160 working adults from an organisation within the asset management industry participated in the study. The research findings indicated that there is a difference in terms of leaders’ and staff’s perceptions of leaders’ emotional intelligence and retention factors. There is a relationship between leaders’ personality types, emotional intelligence and retention factors. Biographical groups (gender, race and age groups, and business units) differed in terms of the retention factors. The findings contributed valuable new knowledge that may be used for organisational retention practices. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology

This thesis explores mental health nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of supervision. The thesis aims to create a partial and situated understanding of the numerous factors which contribute to practitioners’ experiences of supervision. In particular the thesis investigates the disciplinary context within which supervision takes place, moving from the experiences of individual practitioners to compare and contrast supervision within two distinct professional disciplines which have common areas of interest. Existing research on the topic of supervision in mental health nursing and midwifery tends to reify the concept of supervision. Supervision is assumed to be beneficial, and there is a focus on investigating the effects of supervision without an accompanying understanding of why, how, where and by whom supervision is done. In this thesis, ‘supervision’ is critically conceptualised as indicating a cluster of context-specific practices, and the investigation of supervision is located with the practitioner’s understandings and experiences. The theoretical perspective of the thesis is informed by social constructionism, and ‘experience’ is conceptualised as communicated through meaning-making narratives. The experiences of the study participants were accessed through the collection of data in the form of narratives. Sixteen participants were recruited, comprising eight mental health nurses and eight midwives. Each participant was interviewed once, using a semi-structured interview format. The analysis was influenced by the theories of Gee (1991), Bruner (1986) and Ricoeur (1983/1984), and employed a narrative approach in which the unique meaning-making qualities of narrative were used to interpret the data. The analysis paid close attention to the process of fragmentation and configuration of the data, and produced four composite stories which presented the findings in a holistic and contextualised form. Two themes were identified from the findings: Supervision and Emotions, and Supervision and The Profession, and these were discussed in the light of the two professional contexts explored, and with reference to supervision as an exercise of power. The theme of Emotions recognises the integral role played by emotions in both clinical practice and supervision, and conceptualises supervision and the organisational context as emotional ecologies. Supervision can be constructed as a special emotional ecology with its own feeling rules, and this can both benefit and harm the practitioner. The theme of The Profession responds to the importance of the professional context of supervision practices, and the role of discourses about professional identity and status in determining how supervision is done and with what aim. Comparing supervision practices within two different disciplinary contexts enabled this thesis to challenge tropes about supervision. Supervision cannot be assumed to be either ‘good’ or ‘punitive’, and practices are constructed in the light of particular aims and expectations. This thesis also makes the methodological argument that research into supervision must be politicised and theorised and accommodate contextualised complexity. To simplify or decontextualise the exploration of supervision is to lose the details of practice which make supervision what it is. Supervision is a complex process, enmeshed in its context, and may be constructed to serve different purposes.

Corrective emotional experience (CEE) innebär att patienten känslomässigt upplever och erfar nya och mer adaptiva sätt att möta tidigare, olösta konflikter i en trygg relation. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och tydliggöra vad ”corrective emotional experience” består i och vilka metoder som kan skapa sådana erfarenheter. Vad händer i patienten, vilka interventioner använder terapeuten för att möjliggöra CEE för patienten, samt vilka indikationer finns för dessa interventioner? Som metod för detta examensarbete genomfördes en systematisk litteraturstudie. Via databassökning identifierades 16 kliniska studier om CEE från de senaste 15 åren. Studierna som hade måttlig (3 studier) till svag (13 studier) evidensstyrka utgör bas för analysen. Resultaten visade bl a på att CEE är viktigt för att patienten ska kunna förändra maladapativa mönster och att terapeuten har en avgörande roll i att erbjuda en trygg relation. Vikten av terapeutens förmåga till intersubjektivitet, ”bonding”, att kunna vara en trygg bas samt att anpassa sig efter patientens anknytningsmönster är kunskap som framkommer i denna studie. Slutsatser som kan dras av studien är att CEE är en viktig förändringsmekanism i psykoterapi. Mer forskning omkring CEE behövs dock för att ytterligare påvisa vad som är verksamt och varför, förslagsvis med särskilt fokus på psykoterapeutens uppdrag att bygga relation och allians.

Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This literature study presents a comprehensive overview of Emotional Intelligence, with an in depth discussion of the important role of emotions in Career Decisionmaking. The essentiality of such a study is identified from individuals' incapacity to make successful, gratifying and sustainable career decisions. Considering the novelty of the concept of Emotional Intelligence in the South African context, this literature study serves as an exploration of this unknown field of emotional functioning In career decision-making, before any further empirical research is undertaken. The first part of the literature study intends to define and explain the concepts of emotions, intelligence and Emotional Intelligence. In the second part of the literature study the focus shifts to the important role of Emotional Intelligence in Career Decision-making. In view of the absence of a theoretical basis for the role of emotions in Career Decision-making, Emotional Intelligence is recommended as a theory to fill this gap. Accordingly, a complete test battery is presented which could be utilised in an Emotional-intelligent Career Decision-making Process. This literature study concludes that the process of Career Decision-making could well present a new focus area. In a period of increasing career-instability and -change, which we are currently experiencing, emotions could be used optimally in the Career Decision-making process. Eventually Emotional Intelligence will become a critical skill in adapting to a rapidly changing career landscape. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie literatuurstudie bevat 'n omvattende oorsig oor Emosionele Intelligensie, met 'n indiepte bespreking van die belangrike rol van emosies in Beroepsbesluitneming. Die noodsaaklikheid van so 'n studie is geïdentifiseer vanuit individue se onvermoë om suksesvolle, bevredigende en volhoubare beroepsbesluite te neem. Aangesien die konsep van Emosionele Intelligensie nog betreklik nuut is in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, dien hierdie literatuurstudie as verkenning van die onbekende veld van emosionele funksionering in beroepsbesluitneming, voordat verdere empiriese navorsing onderneem word. Die eerste deel van die literatuurstudie het ten doelom die konsepte van emosies, intelligensie en Emosionele Intelligensie te definieer en te verduidelik. Die fokus verskuif in die tweede gedeelte van die literatuurstudie na die belangrike rol van Emosionele Intelligensie in Beroepsbesluitneming. Aangesien 'n teoretiese grondslag vir die rol van emosies in Beroepsbesluitneming tot hede afwesig was, word Emosionele Intelligensie voorgestel as teorie om hierdie leemte te vul. Na aanleiding daarvan word 'n volledige toetsbattery voorgestel wat gebruik kan word in 'n Emosioneel-intelligente Beroepsbesluitnemingsproses. Die gevolgtrekking van hierdie literatuurstudie is dat daar met nuwe oë na die proses van Beroepsbesluitneming gekyk kan word. Tans heers 'n periode van toenemende beroepsontstabiliteit en -verandering, waar emosies optimaal aangewend kan word in die proses van Beroepsbesluitneming. Emosionele Intelligensie sal uiteindelik as 'n kritiese vaardigheid aangewend kan word om aan te pas by 'n vinnig-veranderende beroepslandskap .

Thesis (MA) -- Universiteit van Stellenbosch, 2002. / This assignment presents a comprehensive review of the different conceptualizations of emotional intelligence and the debate surrounding the construct. This review article is important since emotional intelligence is a relatively new field and to date no article has been published on the topic in South Africa. The article begins with a brief discussion of the biological bases of emotions. This is followed by a discussion of the development of the concept of emotional intelligence as a type of intelligence that is independent and separate from other related types of intelligence. Emotional intelligence is currently conceptualised within two different schools of thought, namely the Mayer and Salovey school (the aptitude approach) and the Goleman school (the mixed approach). These two schools are discussed in depth. This is followed by a critical discussion of the current instruments used to measure emotional intelligence. Furthermore a brief examination is made of the practical applications of emotional intelligence, particularly with reference to education and criminology. Lastly, recommendations for future research are made. This article concludes that there is much support in the literature for the conceptualization of emotional intelligence as a separate type of intelligence that, together with verbal and practical intelligence, exists as a third type of intelligence that may be a powerful predictor of important life outcomes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie werkstuk bied 'n omvattende oorsig oor die verskillende konseptualiserings van emosionele intelligensie en die debat daaromheen. Die belangrikheid van hierdie oorsigartikel is daarin geleë dat emosionele intelligensie 'n betreklike nuwe veld is en dat daar tot op datum nog nie 'n artikel van so 'n aard in Suid-Afrika verskyn het nie. In die artikel word daar eerstens kortliks verwys na die biologiese grondslae van emosie. Daarop volg 'n bespreking van die ontwikkeling van die konsep emosionele intelligensie en die daarstelling daarvan as 'n onafhanklike tipe intelligensie wat van ander verwante konstrukte onderskeibaar is. Die huidige konseptualiserings van emosionele intelligensie word verdeel in twee denkskole, naamlik die Mayer en Salovey denkskool (die vermoëbenadering) en die Goleman denkskool (die gemengde benadering). Die inhoude wat binne hierdie twee denkskole vervat word, word volledig uiteengesit. Vervolgens word bestaande meetinstrumente vir emosionele intelligensie krities bespreek. Voorts word daar kortliks aandag gegee aan die toepassingsvelde van emosionele intelligensie, met besondere verwysing na die onderwys en kriminologie. Laastens word aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing gemaak. Die finale gevolgtrekking in die artikel is dat daar sterk steun bestaan vir die konseptualisering van emosionele intelligensie as 'n onafhanklike tipe intelligensie wat as 'n derde tipe intelligensie, saam met verbale en nie-verbale intelligensie, "n kragtige voorspeller van belangrike lewensuitkomste mag wees.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Emotional intelligence has been a much debated topic in leadership circles globally, since the idea was first conceived in the 1970s, and later made popular by Goleman in the 1990s (Goleman, 1995: 5). In an endeavour to effect a culture change at the Glencore SA operations, a process of emotional intelligence (EI) training has been rolled out to the leadership at the mining operations over the past four years. This has met with varying degrees of success, but it begs the question: What is the value of this training, and how effective is it expected to be? This research set out to assess the correlation between the results in productivity and safety, with that of the exposure of emotional intelligence to the leadership at the Goedgevonden (GGV) coal mining operation. To this end, this research sought to develop a view of the levels of emotional intelligence, or the lack thereof, prior to any form of intervention, and to draw comparisons with the present EI levels. The hypothesis being: EI training of the leadership team at the Goedgevonden operation has significantly improved performance. The research then tested a sample of the GGV leadership for their emotional intelligence quotient using a commercially available test. These test results have been included in the findings. The concept of group emotional intelligence (GEI) was studied in the course of the literature review, and it was further deemed pertinent to examine this concept as to its relevance at the Goedgevonden operation. Tests were conducted with two teams. A distinct disparity arose from the findings of the team emotional tests, which did not correlate with the similar training to which both teams had been exposed. The findings of the team emotional tests also correlated significantly with the performance of the two teams over the past three years. A ten percent discrepancy in performance exists, as with a very similar percentage in test scores. A strong sense of need for emotional intelligence training evolved from the interview process. More significantly, was the need for this training to be aimed at the lower levels of the organisation, as well as for this training to incorporate a strong element of team EI. These aspects are both articulated in the recommendations also.

Background: In Sweden about 19000 people fall victims of sudden death every year. This covers around 20% of all deaths. Relatives are those who are closest to the patient, regardless of the type of relationship. When a patient suddenly dies this affects the relatives and they can suffer from high risk of complicated grief reactions or crises. Being the nearest professional contact in these situations, the nurse has an important role in supporting and guiding the relatives. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to nominate the relatives' needs of support from the nurse when a loved person suddenly dies. Method: The literature review was based on seven articles with a quality approach. Results:The analysis resulted in four themes; "to be seen and confirmed", "information", "take farewell" and "follow-up ". To be able to give support both mentally and physically, it is important for the nurse to give proper attention to the relatives. The nurse supports according to individual circumstances, giving clear and concise information. With privacy, peace and quiet the nurse may create the conditions for a dignified farewell. Afterwards, when the shock phase subsides, many questions need to be answered and a follow-up meeting is important. Conclusion: As nurses we will meet with relatives of patients who have suddenly died. Our results are, however, useful in all types of care, not only in cases of sudden death. The nurse´s attention to the relatives is an important factor in health care. Knowledge about the benefits of taking care of relatives in a situation of sudden death is, currently insufficient. Knowledge of the reactions of relatives who are confronted with sudden death needs to be further explored and existing research needs to be conducted / implemented in health care.

This dissertation, a qualitative case study conducted from a constructivist perspective, focuses on the construction and implementation of strategies of emotional scaffolding by two early childhood educators in a public elementary school. This study finds that emotional scaffolding is an excellent example of a tool that could help teachers reach developmentally appropriate practices for early childhood education in an age of accountability. The primary data consist of participant observations, participant interviews and key documents. The study has two primary interests. The first aims at understanding how young children’s learning experiences are enhanced when early childhood educators integrate emotions into their decision-making and practices. The second aims at enhancing the emerging picture of what emotional scaffolding means in early childhood education contexts. My analysis highlights three major themes that contribute to these participants’ decision-making for emotional scaffolding. The first is the participants’ beliefs about their self-perceived teaching identities. The second is their deep understanding of children. The third involves their assessments and reactions to their school climates. The findings focus on four areas of divergence from the literature. First is the important role that teachers’ personal beliefs about the most pedagogically important emotion play in constructing and implementing strategies for emotional scaffolding. Second, emotional scaffolding is an important part of teachers’ mediated agency in a time of increasing accountability. Third, teachers’ capacity to balance student excitement and engagement through their emotional scaffolding is the key to establishing and maintaining children’s engagement in academic activities. Fourth is that emotional scaffolding carried out in the early childhood classroom involves emotion work, not emotional labor. The study provides several implications. The first is that our perception of the emotional scaffolding process in the early childhood education context can be expanded. The second is the importance of sufficient preservice training. The third is that a principal who respects a teacher’s decision-making and practices can help a teacher provide effective emotional scaffolding. The final and perhaps most important implication is that an awareness of self is the most important element contributing to better decision-making in creating a meaningful and engaging environment for their students. / text

Current research indicates a disproportionate number of youth having an emotional disturbance within the juvenile justice system. The purpose of the present study was to examine if recidivism can be predicted in juvenile offenders based on the youths' emotional disturbance score as measured by the Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2 (MAYSI-2) and severity of offense at their first physical arrest, as well as their age, gender, ethnicity, and median range of income by zip code (MRoI). Following Agnew's General Strain Theory, it was hypothesized that high scores on the MAYSI-2 scales, in addition to severity of offense and specific demographic variables would predict recidivism.Participants consisted of 863 records of juvenile offenders at a juvenile court detention center in Southern Arizona. The study consisted of 70% males and 30% females, with an age range of 12 to 16 years of age and ethnic breakdown consisting of 51% Hispanics, 36% Caucasians, 9% African Americans, and 4% Native Americans. This secondary data extraction included youths who were physically arrested for the first time during the 2008-year and their recidivism rate through the 2009-year. Results through logistic regression models indicated that two of the four MAYSI-2 scales significantly predicted recidivism. Specifically, youth who scored high versus low on the Alcohol/Drug Use scale had an increased factor of 1.83 times more likely to recidivate. Youth who answered "yes" on all five items on the Traumatic Experiences scale also predicted recidivism, with an increased factor of 4.37 times more likely to recidivate. Severity of offense also predicted recidivism, as well as age and MRoI. Results were also found to be significant within certain ethnic groups but not between the ethnic groups. Implications of these findings, limitations, and areas of future research are also discussed.

The occurrence of psychological late effects resulting from the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) been the subject of empirical investigations for approximately 25 years, with an emphasis on those patients treated with radiation therapy. In more recent years, however, research has shown that children and adolescents with ALL treated only with chemotherapy may also be at risk for treatment-related cognitive and academic deficits, although many specific treatment regimens remain to be investigated. Purpose: The present investigation was designed to examine 76 pediatric patients with ALL who were randomized to receive 1g/m² or 2g/m² of intravenous methotrexate (IVMTX) with regard to cognitive, academic, and social-emotional/behavioral functioning over a 3-year period beginning shortly after diagnosis. Method: Scores from a preexisting database were analyzed with particular interest in main effects for methotrexate dose level, time since diagnosis, age at diagnosis, ALL vs non-ALL status and interactions between group and time variables. Participants with ALL and group of non-ALL siblings had participated in cognitive evaluations measuring performance in the following domains: intelligence, language, visual-spatial/visual-motor skills, attention and working memory, processing speed, psychomotor speed and coordination, executive function, academic achievement, and social-emotional/behavioral functioning. Results: A main effect for methotrexate dose level was significant for a measure of adaptive skills. A main effect for age at diagnosis was noted on measures of visual-spatial attention and working memory, and spelling and written expression. No main effect for time was noted on any dependent measure. Additionally, no main effect for ALL versus non-ALL status was noted on any dependent measure. Conclusion: Overall the findings suggest that the treatment of ALL with 1g/m² or 2g/m² IVMTX does not significantly impact the incidence of late effects with regard to cognitive, academic, and social-emotional/behavioral functioning within the first 3 years post-diagnosis. Younger age at diagnosis may, however, contribute to differences in performance on measures of cognitive and academic functioning.