Apesar da esmaltação de aços ser uma técnica de recobrimento inorgânico amplamente conhecida a aparentemente bem dominada, não são poucos os desafios técnicos que se apresentam tanto para os siderurgistas como para os esmaltadores para se produzir um produto final de qualidade aceitável. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de recobrimento da superfície de dois aços baixo carbono, um aço do tipo I e outro do tipo II de acordo com a norma americana ASTM A424/424M. O aço do tipo I, amplamente conhecido e utilizado pela indústria esmaltadora, foi produzido por aciaria convencional do tipo BOF, laminado a frio em cadeira de laminação do tipo tandem e descarburizado. Enquanto que o aço do tipo II foi produzido por aciaria elétrica do tipo EAF, laminado a frio em cadeira de laminação duo reverso e recozido. Neste trabalho, a performance do recobrimento do substrato metálico do aço do tipo II é focada nos parâmetros qualitativos da camada esmaltada tais como sua espessura, rugosidade, aderência ao metal base e evolução gasosa resultante do processo de cura do esmalte (“firing”). Os testes de esmaltação das amostras foram realizados em uma unidade industrial esmaltadora independente utilizando-se o processo de deposição via úmido e via seco, com a aplicação de dois esmaltes comerciais distintos. As variáveis e práticas do processo de esmaltação utilizadas foram as mesmas estabelecidas para um processo produtivo normal, da preparação superficial e técnica de aplicação de esmalte ao processo de cura do esmalte num tradicional forno elétrico de passagem to tipo “U”. Para a determinação da qualidade do esmalte aderido utilizou-se o teste de queda e para a determinação da evolução gasosa utilizou-se a verificação macroscópica de dois defeitos conhecidos como “outgassing” e “fish scale”. Os resultados obtidos são avaliados em função dos parâmetros e requisitos de qualidade atribuídos pelo esmaltador. / Although enameling steel is a well-known inorganic technique which has been used for many years, there are still several technical challenges faced by both steel making industry and enamelers professionals on producing high quality enameled parts. This work presents the enameling performance evaluation of two low carbon steel grades, one categorized as type I and the other one as type II as per American standard ASTM A424/424M. The type I steel grade, which has been successfully used by enamelers for years, it has been produced through a BOF operation, being cold reduced through a tanden mill and open coil annealed. The type II steel grade has been produced by an EAF operation, being cold reduced through a duo reversing mill stand being batch annealled. On this work, the performance of the coating layer applied over the type II steel substrate has been evaluated focusing on the enamel quality parameters such as its thickness, roughness, adhesion and gassing generated along the glass cure process (firing). The enameling trials have been made at an independent enameler facility where two distinct types of commercial glasses have been selected being applied in both wet and dry methods of deposition. The enameling process variables and operational practices used for the trials were similar to those used for a regular enameling production line, from the cleaning and glass deposition techniques to the glass firing process using an open U-type electrical furnace. The quality of glass adhesion has been determined by the standard impact test and for the evolving gases determination a macroscopic analysis of “outgassing” and “fish scale” as surface defects have been considered. The achieved results are taken under the quality premises required by the enameler.

Thesis (M.F.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / This publication is the discussion and examination of work produced for the degree of Masters of Fine Arts in enameling and metal work. The body of work created consists of enameled brooches and wall panels. The thesis paper documents the technical and aesthetic developments in painting and metals as they pertain to the thesis work, and discusses the landscape subjects which so strongly influence the images that I create. The work produced for the thesis show is discussed in the manner in which it was conceived, as groupings; or as series. Methods of manipulating enamels for specific visual and textural results, various enamel finishes, and the use of enamel oxides are documented. Metal techniques employed as well as the framing method devised for the presentation of the wall panels are also documented. References and key incluences are painters and artists working in metalsmithing and jewelry. In the painting field Narcisse Diaz, Charles-Francois Daubigny, Eduard Vuillard and George Inness are nineteenth century artists who greatly influenced my artistic development. In the metals field Charles Loloma, Georg Jensen and Rene Lalique are influences which established the foundations of my ideas and tastes in my jewelry . While at graduate school the work and teachings of enamelists Jamie Bennett and William Hellwig initiated the interests I developed for enameling. The paper is essentially an indepth analysis of the way in which I perceive my work, what I want to communicate to the viewer, and how and why I create the kinds of objects that I do. / 2031-01-01

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the knowledge, skills, and experiences in the enameling arts and the attitudes and perceptions of in-service (n = 12) and pre-service Kuwaiti art teachers (n = 170), art supervisors at the Ministry of Education (MOE) (n = 3) and art education faculty members at the College of Basic Education (CBE) and Kuwait University (KU) (n = 8) about what they believed pre-service art teachers should know and be able to do in order to teach the enameling arts, and (2) to use this information to inform and guide the development of a content outline for an enameling course for pre-service Kuwaiti art teachers that is educationally (how to perform enameling arts skills and how to teach what they know), practically (safety issues, workshop management, etc), and culturally (its relation to Islamic culture) suitable. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Most of the respondents revealed limited knowledge and skills and modest experiences in the enameling arts. All interviewees in the study expressed positive perceptions and attitudes about the enameling arts. Most agreed that a revision to the current art education curriculum at the CBE was needed and made suggestions about how the curriculum should be revised. It was clear that there is a disconnection and miscommunication between the MOE and the CBE with regards to the information about enameling that should be covered and taught in the art education classes. All respondents expressed support for the inclusion of a course in enameling in the art education curriculum at the CBE. Because of the limited knowledge of the participants in the study, they were not able to provide guidance in shaping the content for a course in the enameling arts. The researcher had to rely on the literature review and his expertise as an enameling artist to develop a content outline that was educationally, practically, and culturally suitable for the pre-service Kuwaiti art teachers. Further study was recommended in regard to curriculum issues, especially those related to the inclusion of Islamic culture, and methods of delivering instruction in the enameling arts.

Thesis (doctoral)--Schlesische Friedrich-Wilhems-Universität zu Breslau, 1933. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Beschaffungsprozess der MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG analysiert. Zu diesem Zweck werden drei verschiedene Methoden angewendet. Das Ziel besteht darin herauszufinden, inwieweit die Berücksichtigung ökologischer Aspekte den Entscheidungsprozess beeinflusst, sodass nachhaltige Beschaffung eine sinnvolle Option bieten kann. Dazu werden verschiedene Beschaffungsalternativen unter Verwendung der Ansätze zur Lebenszykluskostenrechnung, Ökobilanzierung und Hemmnisanalyse verglichen. Ziel ist es, Empfehlungen für zukünftige Investitionsentscheidungen abzuleiten. Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung zeigt, dass die Ausweitung der Investitionsbetrachtung auf den gesamten Lebenszyklus weit über konventionelle Ansätze hinaus gehen.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird der Beschaffungsprozess der MAN Nutzfahrzeuge AG analysiert. Zu diesem Zweck werden drei verschiedene Methoden angewendet. Das Ziel besteht darin herauszufinden, inwieweit die Berücksichtigung ökologischer Aspekte den Entscheidungsprozess beeinflusst, sodass nachhaltige Beschaffung eine sinnvolle Option bieten kann. Dazu werden verschiedene Beschaffungsalternativen unter Verwendung der Ansätze zur Lebenszykluskostenrechnung, Ökobilanzierung und Hemmnisanalyse verglichen. Ziel ist es, Empfehlungen für zukünftige Investitionsentscheidungen abzuleiten. Die vorliegende Ausarbeitung zeigt, dass die Ausweitung der Investitionsbetrachtung auf den gesamten Lebenszyklus weit über konventionelle Ansätze hinaus gehen.