O Granito Salto, parte da Província Magmática Itu (~590 Ma), de caráter pós-orogênico, é um plúton composicionalmente variado, constituído por três unidades graníticas principais. O volume principal do plúton é formado por granitos vermelhos inequigranulares a porfiríticos com textura rapakivi e matriz média, que passam a uma variedade com o plagioclásio de cor branca onde a textura rapakivi é mais evidente. Uma segunda unidade, designada granito pórfiro, é caracterizada pela presença de matriz fina da qual se destacam abundantes fenocristais de felspatos (em parte com textura rapakivi), quartzo e hornblenda e ocupa a região centro -oeste do plúton, além de formar pequenos corpos isolados. A unidade granito inequigranular róseo, composicionalmente mais evoluída, ocorre no extremo oeste do plúton, e exibe estruturas indicativas de cristalização em nível crustal raso (miárolos), sendo interpretada como a cúpula do plúton. Enclaves microgranulares félsicos, com formas elipsoidais e composição um pouco menos evoluída que os granitos rapakivi hospedeiros, são uma feição estrutural típica, e alcançam dimensões até 2-3 metros. Enclaves microgranulares mais máficos, com índices de cor de até 20-25, embora muito frequentes tanto no granito rapakivi como no granito pórfiro, são sempre de pequenas dimensões e arredondados (< 3 cm). Com base nas feições estruturais de campo, na petrografia e na composição química de elementos maiores, traços e isótopos de Sr e Nd, foi elaborado um modelo evolutivo para a geração do Granito Salto e para a origem dos seus enclaves microgranulares. A unidade principal resultou da cristalização, em uma câmara magmática rasa (P máxima ~ 3 kbar), de um magma granítico gerado pela fusão parcial de fonte crustal metaígnea, possivelmente com alguma contribuição de magmas básicos derivados do manto, como indicado pela presença de enclaves microgranulares máficos. A unidade de cúpula foi formada pela ascensão de magmas menos densos gerados por fracionamento dentro da câmara magmática. Os enclaves microgranulares félsicos são interpretados como produtos de recarga da câmara por pulsos de magma em geral mais quente e mais primitivo, que foram aprisionados e congelados em porções onde o magma residente se comportava como um mush em fase avançada de cristalização. A origem do granito pórfiro pode estar também relacionada a processos de recarga, em vista de sua semelhança textural com porções dos enclaves microgranulares félsicos contaminados por cristais do granito hospedeiro. / The Salto Granite, part of Itu Magmatic Province (~ 590 Ma), of post-orogenic character, is a compositionally varied pluton, consisting of three main granitic units. Most of the pluton\'s volume is formed of inequigranular to porphyritic reddish granite with medium-grained matrix and rapakivi texture which seems to transit locally to a variety where plagioclase is white, and the rapakivi is thus more evident. A second unit, designated porphyry granite, is characterized by the presence of fine matrix and abundant phenocrysts of feldspar (some with rapakivi texture), quartz and hornblende and occupies the center-west of the pluton; it also forms some small isolated bodies. The pink inequigranular granite unit, compositionally more evolved, occurs on the western portion of the pluton, and displays structures indicative of crystallization at shallow crustal level (miaroles), being interpreted as the roof of the pluton. Felsic microgranular enclaves, with ellipsoidal shapes and compositions slightly less evolved than the host rapakivi granites, are a typical structural feature and may reach up to 2-3 meters. More mafic microgranular enclaves with color indices up to 20-25, although very common in both rapakivi granites and the granite porphyry, are always small and round shaped (<3 cm). Based on the field structural features, petrography and major and trace element chemical composition as well as the Sr and Nd isotopes, an evolutionary model was developed for the generation of granite and for the origin of their felsic microgranular enclaves. The main unit crystallized in a shallow magma chamber (P max ~ 3 kbar), from a granitic magma generated by partial melting of a metaigneous crustal source, possibly with some contribution from mantle-derived basic magmas as indicated by the presence of mafic microgranular enclaves. The cupula unit was formed by the ascent of less dense magmas generated by fractionation within the magma chamber. The felsic microgranular enclaves are interpreted as products of refilling of the chamber by new magma pulses that were generally hotter and more primitive than the resident magma. These were trapped and frozen in portions where the resident magma behaved like a mush in an advanced stage of crystallization. The origin of the porphyry granite may be related to these recharge processes, in view of their textural similarity with portions of felsic microgranular enclaves contaminated by crystals from the host granite.

O Granito Salto, parte da Província Magmática Itu (~590 Ma), de caráter pós-orogênico, é um plúton composicionalmente variado, constituído por três unidades graníticas principais. O volume principal do plúton é formado por granitos vermelhos inequigranulares a porfiríticos com textura rapakivi e matriz média, que passam a uma variedade com o plagioclásio de cor branca onde a textura rapakivi é mais evidente. Uma segunda unidade, designada granito pórfiro, é caracterizada pela presença de matriz fina da qual se destacam abundantes fenocristais de felspatos (em parte com textura rapakivi), quartzo e hornblenda e ocupa a região centro -oeste do plúton, além de formar pequenos corpos isolados. A unidade granito inequigranular róseo, composicionalmente mais evoluída, ocorre no extremo oeste do plúton, e exibe estruturas indicativas de cristalização em nível crustal raso (miárolos), sendo interpretada como a cúpula do plúton. Enclaves microgranulares félsicos, com formas elipsoidais e composição um pouco menos evoluída que os granitos rapakivi hospedeiros, são uma feição estrutural típica, e alcançam dimensões até 2-3 metros. Enclaves microgranulares mais máficos, com índices de cor de até 20-25, embora muito frequentes tanto no granito rapakivi como no granito pórfiro, são sempre de pequenas dimensões e arredondados (< 3 cm). Com base nas feições estruturais de campo, na petrografia e na composição química de elementos maiores, traços e isótopos de Sr e Nd, foi elaborado um modelo evolutivo para a geração do Granito Salto e para a origem dos seus enclaves microgranulares. A unidade principal resultou da cristalização, em uma câmara magmática rasa (P máxima ~ 3 kbar), de um magma granítico gerado pela fusão parcial de fonte crustal metaígnea, possivelmente com alguma contribuição de magmas básicos derivados do manto, como indicado pela presença de enclaves microgranulares máficos. A unidade de cúpula foi formada pela ascensão de magmas menos densos gerados por fracionamento dentro da câmara magmática. Os enclaves microgranulares félsicos são interpretados como produtos de recarga da câmara por pulsos de magma em geral mais quente e mais primitivo, que foram aprisionados e congelados em porções onde o magma residente se comportava como um mush em fase avançada de cristalização. A origem do granito pórfiro pode estar também relacionada a processos de recarga, em vista de sua semelhança textural com porções dos enclaves microgranulares félsicos contaminados por cristais do granito hospedeiro. / The Salto Granite, part of Itu Magmatic Province (~ 590 Ma), of post-orogenic character, is a compositionally varied pluton, consisting of three main granitic units. Most of the pluton\'s volume is formed of inequigranular to porphyritic reddish granite with medium-grained matrix and rapakivi texture which seems to transit locally to a variety where plagioclase is white, and the rapakivi is thus more evident. A second unit, designated porphyry granite, is characterized by the presence of fine matrix and abundant phenocrysts of feldspar (some with rapakivi texture), quartz and hornblende and occupies the center-west of the pluton; it also forms some small isolated bodies. The pink inequigranular granite unit, compositionally more evolved, occurs on the western portion of the pluton, and displays structures indicative of crystallization at shallow crustal level (miaroles), being interpreted as the roof of the pluton. Felsic microgranular enclaves, with ellipsoidal shapes and compositions slightly less evolved than the host rapakivi granites, are a typical structural feature and may reach up to 2-3 meters. More mafic microgranular enclaves with color indices up to 20-25, although very common in both rapakivi granites and the granite porphyry, are always small and round shaped (<3 cm). Based on the field structural features, petrography and major and trace element chemical composition as well as the Sr and Nd isotopes, an evolutionary model was developed for the generation of granite and for the origin of their felsic microgranular enclaves. The main unit crystallized in a shallow magma chamber (P max ~ 3 kbar), from a granitic magma generated by partial melting of a metaigneous crustal source, possibly with some contribution from mantle-derived basic magmas as indicated by the presence of mafic microgranular enclaves. The cupula unit was formed by the ascent of less dense magmas generated by fractionation within the magma chamber. The felsic microgranular enclaves are interpreted as products of refilling of the chamber by new magma pulses that were generally hotter and more primitive than the resident magma. These were trapped and frozen in portions where the resident magma behaved like a mush in an advanced stage of crystallization. The origin of the porphyry granite may be related to these recharge processes, in view of their textural similarity with portions of felsic microgranular enclaves contaminated by crystals from the host granite.

This dissertation addresses the central question- How are parenting methodologies across the sending and receiving nations shaped by larger macro forces embedded in economy and labor market forces? In order to answer this key question this project analyzes interviews with 59 middle-class mothers in Edison, New Jersey and Kolkata, India. This project contributes to the larger scope of immigration and transnational studies while placing them at the cross section of globalization of economy, labor market and education. The first chapter examines extensively the schooling systems in Edison and Kolkata and the ways it shapes parenting methods in these two locations. The key argument in this chapter focuses on the influence of the education system upon mothers in Edison and Kolkata and the ways they maneuver the schools. In the subsequent chapters I compare and contrast between support groups and community networks that help mothers in Edison and Kolkata navigate everyday child rearing challenges. The central puzzle that these chapters solve is: why immigrant mothers in an individualistic society resort to community and on the contrary mothers in Kolkata that belong to a more traditional society resort to commercial parenting schools instead of extended family to support everyday child rearing? The primary reason is embedded in the globalization of the labor market and economy. The immigrant mothers in Edison, who immigrated to the US as spouses of elite professionals in a globalized economy were confronted with the challenges of parenting in a foreign country. They resorted to community support to help them negotiate everyday parenting challenges. On the other hand in Kolkata the rapid changes in the field of employment an education had forced mothers to resort to commercial agencies for parenting support. Finally the dissertation concludes by returning to the central research questions and briefly states the central findings along with raising avenues for future research.

As the practice of renting remote computing resources from a cloud computing platform becomes increasingly popular, the security of such systems is a subject of continued scrutiny. This thesis explores the current state of cloud computing security along with critical components of the cloud computing model. It identifies the need to trust a third party with sensitive information as a substantial obstacle for cloud computing customers. It then proposes a new model, Host-Obscure Computing, for a cloud computing service using secure enclaves and encryption that allows a customer to execute code remotely without exposing sensitive information, including program flow control logic. It presents a proof of concept for a secure cloud computing service using confidential computing technology, cryptography, and an emulator that runs in a secure memory space. It then provides an analysis of its effectiveness at reducing data exposure and its performance impact. Finally, it analyzes this model's advantages and its potential impact on the cloud computing industry. / Master of Science / The use of public cloud computing services continues to rise as a solution to many of the problems associated with on-premises data centers. Customers who would otherwise move to the cloud have resisted this change for security reasons. This research investigates what these security barriers are. Then, it proposes a novel model for a cloud computing service, referred to as Host-Obscure Computing, that is designed to mitigate these issues. Specifically, it addresses the need of a customer to share their program code and working data with the cloud provider. It outlines the development of a prototype implementation of this model. It then presents an analysis of this new service model from both a performance and security perspective. Finally, it suggests how the adoption of a service model similar to Host-Obscure Computing could improve the state of the cloud computing industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_la_me_rcla.pdf: 6019913 bytes, checksum: 00b65264fcab3a3670cf34bb7a2a68bd (MD5) / Esta pesquisa visa compreender o processo de produção e consumo do espaço urbano em Limeira - SP, uma cidade média, através dos condomínios ou Enclaves Residenciais Fortificados. No decorrer da pesquisa destaca-se o condomínio como objeto de estudo, desde o seu surgimento (condomínio por planos horizontais / arranha-céus) até as modalidades mais recentes de Enclaves Residenciais Fortificados verticais (lotes, casas e sobrados). Os enclaves são destacados como um modo de vida urbano pautado no enclausuramento habitacional; suas conseqüências para a sociedade intra e extramuros são avaliadas a partir da visão dos próprios moradores destes enclaves. Propõe-se, no decorrer desta pesquisa enfocar os enclaves a partir da vertente Crítica da Geografia, com profundas contribuições do Direito e da Arquitetura, mostrando que a produção e o consumo da habitação-mercadoria se constituem num fator de segregação socioespacial nas cidades médias. Os Enclaves Residenciais Fortificados estão presentes em todos os continentes do mundo, alterando as formações sociais, econômicas e culturais, por isso carecem de inserção, classificação e teorização, as quais objetivamos iniciar nesta pesquisa. / The intention of this research is to understand the process of production and consumption of urbane space in Limeira-SP, a medium city, by condos or castle residences enclaves slip by research detach the condo like object of study of it appearance (condo by horizontals plans / skyscraper) until the modalities more recents of verticals castle residences enclaves (lot houses and hayloft). The enclaves are staccatos like one style of urbaine life lined at habitation cloister, their consequences for the intra society and extrawalls are measured departing of owners visions of those enclaves. This way, offen forthem, slip by of research deal with residential enclaves criticism side, with deeps contributions of justice and architeturi, starting of Geography, the production and consume of habitation-merchandise as a factor of space partner evolve at the medium citys. The castle residences enclaves are presents in all continents of the word changing the social formations, economics and culturals, for this they needs insertion and classification and theorize that we purposed in this research.

El Complejo Plutónico Illapel (CPI, 31°25’ – 32°30’S), que es parte del cinturón magmático del Cretácico Inferior en la Cordillera de la Costa, Chile central, exhibe una gran diversidad en litologías y una muy buena exposición. Enclaves máficos microgranulares (EMM) son particularmente abundantes en el CPI, estando focalizados especialmente en la zona sur, dentro de la Unidad Tonalítica Principal (UTP), donde presentan una alta frecuencia. Los EMM proveen importante información acerca del rol de los magmas máficos en la génesis y evolución de los granitoides calco–alcalinos. El objetivo de esta investigación es elaborar un modelo petrogenético para la formación y evolución de los EMM y, de esta forma, insertarlo dentro del contexto general de formación del CPI. Para esto se realizó un análisis estadístico de la distribución y relaciones morfológicas de los EMM, un estudio petrográfico y de química mineral, tanto de los EMM como de sus rocas de caja, y un estudio geotermobarométrico, de manera de establecer las condiciones de presión y temperatura del emplazamiento del sistema granitoide – EMM. También se utilizó la información geocronológica, isotópica y datos AMS, obtenidos previamente a este trabajo. El estudio estadístico se basó en diferentes características de los EMM, enumeradas a continuación: color, dimensiones, morfología, textura, tamaño de grano, orientación, naturaleza de los contactos con la roca de caja y presencia o ausencia de bordes de reacción. La mayoría de los EMM estudiados tienen formas redondeadas y elipsoidales, además generan bordes de reacción, tanto máficos como félsicos. Estos rasgos reflejan un contraste en viscosidad y reología entre los magmas involucrados en la formación de los EMM, y evidencian que, originalmente, estos cuerpos eran glóbulos de magma máfico que se enfriaron al contacto con un magma más frío y más félsico. Los datos de orientación obtenidos demuestran que los EMM se orientaron de acuerdo a un flujo vertical a subvertical. El estudio petrográfico permitió definir la UTP como un cuerpo compuesto principalmente de monzogranitos, granodioritas, cuarzo monzodioritas y, de forma subordinada, tonalitas de anfíbol y biotita. Los EMM por otra parte, estarían compuestos principalmente por dioritas y monzodioritas, con cuarzo monzodioritas y cuarzo dioritas subordinadas, todas de anfíbol y biotita. Los mismos minerales de la roca de caja están presentes en los EMM, sólo que en diferentes proporciones. Se tiene una notoria diferencia en el tamaño de grano, donde la roca de caja es predominantemente de grano medio, mientras que los EMM son de grano fino. Con respecto a los minerales máficos, se tiene un aumento considerable en los EMM, especialmente en las rocas dioríticas donde el aumento se da en anfíbolas, piroxenos, biotitas y opacos. Los contactos observados son generalmente abruptos, pero existen algunos donde la roca de caja se inyecta dentro del EMM. Es posible notar que los fenocristales de los EMM son muy similares a los minerales de la roca de caja y, por lo general, se tiene un borde de transición, donde minerales de la roca de caja traspasan al EMM y viceversa La química mineral evidencia que los feldespatos, anfíbolas, piroxenos y biotitas de los EMM y sus granitoides registran un rango de composiciones muy similares. El estudio de la química de las anfíbolas ayudó a dilucidar las condiciones de presión y temperatura cercana al solidus del magma. Se obtuvieron como resultados valores homogéneos entre EMM y granitoides, con una presión promedio de 1.7 ± 0.6 kbar, y un intervalo termal de 719,4 ± 75ºC. El emplazamiento del sistema ocurriría en niveles corticales someros. Valores de presión obtenidos para actinolitas están bajo 0,5 kbar. Estos datos, así como las evidencias texturales y petrográficas de las actinolitas, nos estarían indicando procesos de transformación subsolidus, posiblemente asociados a etapas de exhumación del CPI. Finalmente, gracias a todos los antecedentes expuestos, se propone un modelo de formación y evolución de los EMM de la UTP, correspondientes a una mezcla de magmas en niveles corticales profundos, y un ascenso posterior a través de estructuras tipo dique, donde los EMM sufrirían un rápido enfriamiento. Una vez en el lugar de emplazamiento, el sistema se orientaría de acuerdo a la estratigrafía del lugar, a manera de sill. Se propone finalmente que, durante el emplazamiento de la UTP, estaría ocurriendo paralelamente su exhumación.

The recent proliferation of administrative data sources has made it possible to examine numerous longstanding questions related to labor market functions. I make use of these data sources to provide new insights into three such questions; the extent of firms' market power in labor markets, the nature of gains from workers' skill specialization, and the role of job search networks in the locational choices of immigrants. In Chapter 1, I examine labor market monopsony, the extent to which markets deviate from perfect competition. Prior literature suggests two methods to estimate the extent of monopsony: studying the degree to which firms adjust wages in response to desired changes in employment growth, and measuring the degree to which workers' voluntary separations are sensitive to their own wages. Existing studies have found widely varying answers to these two questions in different contexts. I leverage unique features of Brazilian administrative data to demonstrate that these approaches provide very different results even on the same sample of employees, and I rule out a variety of alternative empirical explanations. These results suggest that labor market monopsony is primarily a function of workers' attachment to their current employers. In Chapter 2, I study the wage premium associated with skill specialization. While standard models predict that more technologically-advanced firms will hire more specialized workers, I show that higher-ability individuals may actually sort into less specialized occupations within firms. I test these predictions by constructing occupation-level measures of skill specialization from the U.S. O*NET database, matched to Brazilian administrative data. While I find that specialization among production skills is associated both with higher wages and with employment at higher-wage firms, I find no evidence of specialization premia in cognitive skills. Finally, in Chapter 3 I study the extent to which job search networks influence new immigrants' decisions to locate in ethnic enclaves. Using detailed data from the New Immigrant Survey, I show that immigrants to the U.S. who arrive without job offers are significantly more likely to locate in enclaves, even after accounting for a wide range of pre-migration and time-invariant characteristics.

This thesis asks how neoliberal enclavisation produces precarity. It focuses on eight months of fieldwork on large-scale dispossession of rural and peri-urban populations caused by the coal mining enclave in Tete, Mozambique, and my interpretation of Judith Butler's work on precarity, Henri Lefebvre's conceptualisation of the production of capitalist social space and Jacque Ranciere's understanding of politics. Bringing theory and empirical research together, I construct an original theoretical approach to explore how precarity as a condition of life, as well as the (im)possibility of politics, is constituted by contemporary capitalist expansion in Mozambique. I explore how precarity is produced through the interplay of structural, symbolic and direct violence of contemporary capitalist expansion, such as the coal mining enclave and resettlement sites inhabited by the dispossessed populations, in Tete. These processes of precarisation, I argue, result in the non-politics of abandonment that, whilst enabling life to be lived on precarious terms at the margins of the neoliberal mining enclave, does not openly challenge and only unwillingly reinforces the socio-material order of the neoliberal enclave. I demonstrate how this dynamic reconstitutes the precarity created by the violence of the neoliberal enclave and overshadows possibly different and progressively anti-neoliberal imaginaries of life and space in Tete. I conclude that these dynamics of precarity disactivate the possibility of transformative politics, and thus sustain and stabilise global capitalist expansion in Tete, and Mozambique more broadly. This reading of precarity makes several contributions to the literatures on the politics of precarity. It explores the condition of precarity outside the usual empirical and analytical focus of labour relations in the Global North, as well as developing a spatial reading of precarity. The thesis also challenges these, as well as broader literatures on agency in the context of structural inequalities and opportunities in Sub-Saharan Africa, for overestimating possibilities of resistance in situations characterised by extreme precarity. Finally, the thesis contributes to the literature on contemporary neoliberal capitalist expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa by demonstrating how neoliberal enclaves result in human suffering outside of their own exclusionary spaces of accumulation.

Dark enclaves rich in amphibole and biotite are ubiquitous in granitoid rocks and generally thought to represent fragments of mafic magmas, cumulates or restites. However, magmatic assimilation of metamorphic or sedimentary country rock can also form dark enclaves. To develop criteria for identifying dark enclaves of non-magmatic origin, we investigated dark enclaves from a complete spectrum of light (carbonate- or feldspar-rich) to dark (amphibole-rich, biotite-rich, or composite) enclaves, reflecting progressive thermal and chemical equilibration with host tonalite from the Domenigoni Valley pluton in the Peninsular Ranges Batholith, California. Metasedimentary dark enclaves have a number of major and trace element characteristics that overlap those of literature-compiled igneous dark enclaves. Comparison to modeled igneous differentiation paths shows metasedimentary enclaves can have anomalous CaO and K2O contents for a given SiO2, but other major element systematics may not deviate noticeably from igneous differentiation trends. In addition, the fact that there are literature-compiled mafic enclaves trending towards high K2O and high CaO suggests that not all mafic enclaves are of igneous origin. While the majority of dark enclaves may not be metasedimentary, this work provides some criteria for identifying enclaves should a case of metasedimentary origin arise.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa visa compreender o processo de produção e consumo do espaço urbano em Limeira - SP, uma cidade média, através dos condomínios ou "Enclaves Residenciais Fortificados". No decorrer da pesquisa destaca-se o condomínio como objeto de estudo, desde o seu surgimento (condomínio por planos horizontais / arranha-céus) até as modalidades mais recentes de "Enclaves Residenciais Fortificados" verticais (lotes, casas e sobrados). Os enclaves são destacados como um "modo de vida urbano" pautado no enclausuramento habitacional; suas conseqüências para a sociedade intra e extramuros são avaliadas a partir da visão dos próprios moradores destes enclaves. Propõe-se, no decorrer desta pesquisa enfocar os enclaves a partir da vertente Crítica da Geografia, com profundas contribuições do Direito e da Arquitetura, mostrando que a produção e o consumo da "habitação-mercadoria" se constituem num fator de segregação socioespacial nas cidades médias. Os "Enclaves Residenciais Fortificados" estão presentes em todos os continentes do mundo, alterando as formações sociais, econômicas e culturais, por isso carecem de inserção, classificação e teorização, as quais objetivamos iniciar nesta pesquisa. / Abstract: The intention of this research is to understand the process of production and consumption of urbane space in Limeira-SP, a medium city, by condos or "castle residences enclaves" slip by research detach the condo like object of study of it appearance (condo by horizontals plans / skyscraper) until the modalities more recents of verticals "castle residences enclaves" (lot houses and hayloft). The enclaves are staccatos like one "style of urbaine life" lined at habitation cloister, their consequences for the intra society and extrawalls are measured departing of owners visions of those enclaves. This way, offen forthem, slip by of research deal with residential enclaves criticism side, with deeps contributions of justice and architeturi, starting of Geography, the production and consume of habitation-merchandise as a factor of space partner evolve at the medium citys. The "castle residences enclaves" are presents in all continents of the word changing the social formations, economics and culturals, for this they needs insertion and classification and theorize that we purposed in this research. / Orientador: Silvia A. Guarnieri Ortigoza / Banca: Ricardo Silotto da Silva / Banca: Eliane Guerreiro R. Padovani / Banca: Lucy M. Machado / Banca: Beatriz R. Soares / Mestre