Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T15:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1005663 bytes, checksum: b2641119aa97d5e9307e198562bf42a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The last few years have been marked by the large amount of information produced, disseminated and consumed daily. The advent of the web and its technological evolution, in particular, resulted in the emergence of mechanisms aimed at social interaction through online networks, virtual communities and open spaces of interaction. These environments are dedicated to the production, exchange, and dissemination of information and intangible assets fully focused on the processes of collaborative production sharing. In this context, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia, presents itself as one of the most accessed Internet addresses. Throughout its 12years of existence, the collaborative encyclopedia online operates in over 280 countries, being present in five 5 continents, namely Africa, America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. Its major advantage is the fact that it functions through interactions and collaborations done by its own users. However, due to its free nature, Wikipedia faces the daily challenge of the reliability of information. Thus, in the present research, we aimed to analyze the factors affecting the reliability of information produced and shared on Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. To this end, we seek to specifically describe the structure of this encyclopedia, mapping its general and specific characteristics, to identify the elements found as constituting a policy of production and dissemination of information, to characterize the factors affecting the reliability of information produced, and to explain the guidelines that guide the collaborative production of content. Thus, we performed a qualitative research on a documentary base in a case study. The collection and analysis of data were performed on the basis of Content Analysis of Laurence Bardin (2010), through the combination of the techniques of Relations Analysis and Thematic analysis proposed by Minayo (1996). The results show that Wikipedia is composed of a set of features designed to ensure their most unique characteristics, such as the Five Pillars and Wikipedia is not. Moreover, it has policies and recommendations that support the content production. Wikipedia is concerned with content produced by its publishers, especially regarding to quality, with emphasis on the validity and reliability of information that constitute them. In this context, three aspects stand out. The first corresponds to the categories of Content Production, which constitute the most important notes to be known and adopted by its producers. The second aims to achieve reliability, it corresponds to the "positions of trust , enhancing both the quality of articles and entries produced by Wikipedians as the experience of members dedicated to improving articles and entries. The third refers to the "netiquette", which acts indirectly on reliability regards, informing the most appropriate behaviors so that internal personal conflicts do not reach the quality of the pages. The open and collaborative model of encyclopedia therefore brings to Wikipedia a constant concern with the production of reliable and credible content. Its specifics enable itself to add the elements of reliability of information from different informational sources. The biggest challenge is the constant search for new criteria to evaluate the quality of such content. / Os últimos anos vêm sendo marcados pela grande quantidade de informações produzidas, disseminadas e consumidas diariamente. O advento da web e sua evolução tecnológica, em particular, proporcionaram a emergência de mecanismos voltados à interação social, por meio de redes online, comunidades virtuais e espaços abertos de interação. Esses ambientes são dedicados à produção, à troca, à disseminação e ao compartilhamento de informações e bens imateriais inteiramente focados nos processos de produção colaborativa. Nesse cenário, a Wikipédia, a Enciclopédia Livre, apresenta-se como um dos endereços mais acessados da Internet. No decorrer de seus 12 anos de existência, a enciclopédia online colaborativa opera em mais 280 países, estando presente nos cinco continentes mundiais, a saber, África, América, Ásia, Europa e Oceania. O seu maior diferencial consiste no fato desta funcionar por intermédio de interações e colaborações realizadas pelos próprios usuários. Em contrapartida, em função de seu caráter livre, a Wikipédia enfrenta cotidianamente o desafio da confiabilidade das informações. Assim, na presente pesquisa, objetivamos analisar os elementos que indicam a confiabilidade das informações produzidas e compartilhadas na Wikipédia, a Enciclopédia Livre. Para tanto, buscamos, especificamente, descrever a estrutura dessa enciclopédia, mapeando suas características gerais e específicas, identificar os elementos encontrados como constitutivos de uma política de produção e disseminação da informação, caracterizar os elementos que condicionam a confiabilidade das informações produzidas, e explicitar as diretrizes que norteiam a produção colaborativa de conteúdos. Nesse sentido, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa de base documental na forma de estudo de caso. A coleta e a análise de dados foram realizadas com fundamento na Análise de Conteúdo de Laurence Bardin (2010), por intermédio da combinação das técnicas de Análise das Relações e Análise Temática propostas por Minayo (1996). Os resultados evidenciam que a Wikipédia é composta por um conjunto de elementos que visam a assegurar suas características mais particulares, tais como os Cinco Pilares e a O que a Wikipédia não é. Além disso, ela dispõe de políticas e recomendações que fundamentam a produção de conteúdos. A Wikipédia se preocupa com os conteúdos produzidos pelos seus editores, especialmente no que se refere à qualidade, com destaque para a validade e a confiabilidade das informações que os constituem. Nesse contexto, três aspectos se destacam. O primeiro corresponde às categorias de Produção de Conteúdos, que se constituem dos apontamentos mais importantes a serem conhecidos e adotados pelos colaboradores. O segundo, que visa a alcançar a confiabilidade, corresponde aos cargos de confiança, valorizando tanto a qualidade dos artigos e verbetes produzidos pelos wikipedistas quanto a experiência dos membros dedicados à melhoria dos artigos e verbetes. O terceiro refere-se à netiqueta , que age de forma indireta no tocante à confiabilidade, informando os comportamentos mais adequados para que os conflitos pessoais internos não atinjam a qualidade das páginas. O modelo aberto e colaborativo da enciclopédia, portanto, faz com que a Wikipédia tenha uma preocupação constante com a produção de conteúdos fiáveis e credíveis. As especificidades possibilitam que ela agregue os elementos de confiabilidade das informações de fontes informacionais distintas. O desafio maior se encontra na constante busca por novos critérios para avaliar a qualidade desses conteúdos.

Submitted by rodrigo christofoletti (r.christofoletti@uol.com.br) on 2012-09-28T18:37:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A Enciclopédia do Integralismo - lugar de memória e apropriação do passado (1957-1961) - Tese de Doutorado - Rodrigo Christofoletti.pdf: 5909722 bytes, checksum: 13ca961cb9ad96b03e01d094a8c5810e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-10-22T11:56:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A Enciclopédia do Integralismo - lugar de memória e apropriação do passado (1957-1961) - Tese de Doutorado - Rodrigo Christofoletti.pdf: 5909722 bytes, checksum: 13ca961cb9ad96b03e01d094a8c5810e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2012-10-22T11:56:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A Enciclopédia do Integralismo - lugar de memória e apropriação do passado (1957-1961) - Tese de Doutorado - Rodrigo Christofoletti.pdf: 5909722 bytes, checksum: 13ca961cb9ad96b03e01d094a8c5810e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T11:57:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A Enciclopédia do Integralismo - lugar de memória e apropriação do passado (1957-1961) - Tese de Doutorado - Rodrigo Christofoletti.pdf: 5909722 bytes, checksum: 13ca961cb9ad96b03e01d094a8c5810e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-11 / The year of 1957 if it turned paradigmatic for the integralismo, because starting from the celebrations of the 25 years of her creation the intellectuality of the party leaned over on the history of the movement in the sense of a retaking of her celebration and past speech.. With the intention of promoting activities that looking the share of yours of her political culture, stepped in a sociability net, the integralismo moved forward in their lunges, projecting strategies and events to make possible a turn in her political-supporting performance. The publication of the Encyclopedia of Integralismo and the celebration of the 25 years of her political (marks regulators / places of memory and of construction of her cosmogony) existence will be treated here about fundamental points for performance that the integralismo had in ends of the years 1950. The research what proposed, which speech used and which was the purpose of these celebrations and of the own Encyclopedia of Integralismo it can indicate which the proposals and answers integralistas to a series of uncomfortable subjects that the age did. / O ano de 1957 se tornou paradigmático para o integralismo, pois a partir das celebrações dos 25 anos de sua criação a intelectualidade vinculada ao movimento debruçou-se sobre sua história o que incentivou a retomada de sua ritualidade e discurso pregressos. Isto se deu graças à insatisfação da base militante que se viu sem identidade própria em finais dos anos 1950. Com o intuito de promover atividades que ensejassem a partilha de sua cultura política, calcada em uma rede de sociabilidade, o integralismo avançou nas suas investidas, projetando estratégias e eventos que viabilizassem uma reviravolta na sua atuação político-partidária. A publicação da Enciclopédia do Integralismo e a celebração dos 25 anos de sua existência política (marcos reguladores/lugares de memória e de construção de sua cosmogonia) serão aqui tratadas como pontos fundamentais para entendermos a atuação que o integralismo teve no período. Pesquisar o que propunham, qual discurso utilizavam e qual era a finalidade destas celebrações e da própria Enciclopédia do Integralismo poderá indicar quais as propostas e respostas integralistas a uma série de questões incômodas que a contemporaneidade fazia.

Le présent mémoire vise à étudier les pratiques, les enjeux et les modalités du don diplomatique animalier au XIIIe siècle, notamment sous le règne de Frédéric II, Henri III et Louis IX. Pour cela, on présente les concepts et les théories, sociologiques et anthropologiques, du don, particulièrement celles de Marcel Mauss. Ainsi outillé, on appréhende les particularités des cadeaux animaliers diplomatiques au XIIIe siècle. Ensuite, à l’aide d’une recherche sur les descriptions animalières des bestiaires et des encyclopédies médiévales, on montre la puissance symbolique et les particularités physiques et comportementales de la faune offerte. Enfin, à partir de la combinaison des deux premières parties, plusieurs modalités du don sont développées, parmi lesquelles les critères de choix et les préférences fauniques des rois, le contexte et les règles de la réalisation d’un présent et la circulation des animaux offerts. En outre, on souligne combien les bêtes et les oiseaux offerts ont eu une utilité. En effet, on voit que les rois ont mis en scène leurs animaux afin de s’approprier leur symbolique et d’exacerber leur prestige et leur grandeur, lors d’évènements spécifiques ou dans leurs ménageries. / The main purpose of this text is to study the practices, the issues and the modalities of the animal diplomatic gift in the 13th century, especially during the reign of Frederick II, Henry III and Louis IX. The analysis is based on the presentation of the sociological and anthropological conceptualizations of the gift, particularly those of Marcel Mauss. They are used to understand the peculiarities of the animal diplomatic gift in the 13th century. Then, a research on animal descriptions of medieval bestiaries and encyclopedias is conducted to show the symbolic power and the physical and behavioral characteristics of the offered wildlife. Finally, several modalities of the donation are developed, such as the selection criteria and the wildlife preferences of the kings, the context and rules of the elaboration of a present and the movement of given animals. In addition, it is shown how the beasts and birds had a real use for the kings. Indeed, they staged their animals in order to appropriate their symbolism and show off their prestige and their greatness, at events or in the menageries.

This thesis deals with the reception of a German-language elucidarium in the Czech and subsequently Ukrainian literary environments. It acquaints the reader with the history of the work, which originates from the Latin theological tract Elucidarium by Honorius Augustodunensis from the end of the 11th century. It deals with the conception of the German Lucidarius, which was created as one of the first medieval works in the national language at the end of the 12th century and is considered to be the first German-language encyclopedia. This thesis presents the Lucidarius as an originally produced compilation created via the translation and adaptation of several Latin treatises from the fields of theology, philosophy, cosmology, geography, and history. In the Czech environment, Lucidář, translated from German, appears at the latest in the mid-15th century and is a work that enjoyed the interest of lower classes of readers until as late as the early 19th century. The Czech Lucidář carries significance in terms of inter-Slavic literary ties - via translation, a Croatian elucidarium (15th century) and Ukranian elucidarium (16th -17th century) were created. This thesis presents the Ukrainian Lucidarij as one of several works that was translated from Czech into the Ukrainian-Belarusian (or more precisely...

Book Summary: Spanning three volumes, this comprehensive encyclopedia of over six hundred entries covers the full range of civil rights and liberties in America from the antecedents of the Bill of Rights through the most recent controversies over political and social issues, including abortion, free speech, religious liberty, voting rights, and the guarantees of equality. It also addresses the civil rights and liberties issues stemming from America's ongoing war on terrorism. Detailed entries include key concepts, historical events and developments, major trials and appellate court decisions, landmark legislation, legal doctrines, important personalities, and key organizations and agencies. Entries have an objective tone, allowing readers to draw their own conclusions. Designed as an up-to-date reference source for students, scholars, and citizens, the encyclopedia will help broaden and heighten understanding and appreciation for the wide range of issues associated with civil rights and liberties in the United States, and is the most sophisticated treatment available. The volumes of the encyclopedia consist of original entries, arranged alphabetically, on many current hot-button issues as well as in-depth coverage of the rights Americans hold sacred. Written by experts in the field, including attorneys, judges, and legal scholars, the encyclopedia takes a historical-legal approach, providing important information on the background and development of an issue or event. The third volume concludes with over three dozen essential primary documents, including landmark statutes, key court decisions, and influential essays.

Im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert ist die Rede der Enzyklopädisten - gemeint sind damit alle, wohl mehrere hundert alphabetisch geordneten und umfangsstarken Wissenswerke vor und nach der französischen 'Encyclopedie' (1751- 1765) - erkennbar darin unterschiedlich, je nachdem, an welches Publikum sie sich richten. Dabei kann man vom Beispiel der französischen Akademie ausgehen und vermutungsweise zwei Haupttypen unterscheiden, nämlich das allgemeine Publikum und die Fachleserschaft. Einen charakteristischen Fall scheinen medizinische Enzyklopädien abzugeben, denn bei medizinischen Artikeln kann man sogar davon sprechen. dass die unterschiedlichen Redeweisen enzyklopädischer Werke zwei Körper konstituieren: den ärztlichen Behandlungsgegenstand und den Körper des Bürgers. Während der eine Objekt von Praktiken ist, akkumuliert der andere anatomische und chirurgische Kenntnisse als theoretisches Wissen. Die therapeutische Wirkung der Lektüre ist entsprechend verschieden. Für den Arzt bedeutet eine fachliche Auskunft immer auch eine mögliche Handlungsanweisung, für den Laien reduziert sich der praktische Anwendungsnutzen auf präventive Maßnahmen oder lediglich auf ein Verständnis ärztlicher Kunst. Der Unterschied ist einfach zu beobachten, wenn man die beiden Textsorten - den Fachartikel und den des allgemeinen Wissens - auseinander hält. Das soll im Folgenden am Beispiel einer medizinischen Enzyklopädie geschehen, deren Artikel die fachsprachlichen Vermittlungs- und Lesetechniken überschreiten und eine allgemeinbildende Wissensartikulation auch im Bereich des medizinischen Wissens durchsetzen wollen. Es handelt sich um das kurz vor der berühmten 'Encyclopedie' von Diderot und d'' Alembert veröffentliche 'Medical Dictionary' von Robert James.