This diploma thesis deals with the problematic of utilization of renewable energy sources in regional context. Thesis is divided into two main parts, which are theoretical and empirical. Theoretical part provides general view on renewables, describes its position according to fossil fuels, analysis its potential, ways of development and support. Practical part of the work analysis two projects of biogas stations and also evaluates its impacts on local development. These impacts are compared in the final part of the work and on its basics particular conclusions are drew.

The first part of the thesis concerns describing the main topics concerned when mentioning electroenergetics: peculiarities of electricity and specifics of this commodity as well as liberalization that took place within this sector and new patterns arisen from these changes mainly in terms of business not only in wholesale, but also with effects on retail. It also outlines the economic rationale behind these changes. The second part of the thesis is an empirical analysis of real wholesale market data, demonstrating results of correlation, convergence and cointegration in spot prices of wholesale electricity in particular European countries.

This diploma thesis is dedicated to the future development of nuclear energy in the EU area and its incorporation into the current EU energy policy. The work also focuses on a detailed examination of EU energy policy in terms of energy security of the Member States and throughout the text deals with the role of nuclear power as a determining factor of energy security. The work is divided into two parts - theoretical part (Chapter one) and research part (Chapter two and three). The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to current theoretical approaches to the issue of energy security. The issues of energy security are then examined in the final part of this chapter in terms of integration into the all-embracing EU energy policy. The second chapter provides an analysis of the current energy situation in the European Union as a whole and in individual Member States. All findings are applied with emphasis on the status of nuclear energy in the energy mix. The final chapter summarizes current nuclear energy trends in the EU. In addition, analysis of the opinion polls and government interventions in the field of nuclear energy are provided.

Shortening supply of strategic raw materials (mostly oil and gas) and increasing demand for these energy raw materials in fast-growing Asian economies caused EU to put energy security among its top interests. The key goal of this thesis is to propose possibilities to increase energy security of the EU so that Europe has continuous and stable energy supplies both from its own sources and from import. I will analyze the current state of EU energy security in the first part of the thesis. I will focus on using EU's own resources and assess the benefits and drawbacks of using renewable energy sources compared to traditional sources. Then I will analyze dependency of EU on energy import and describe particularities and risks of current suppliers. The second part of the thesis will be focused on increasing energy security of the EU. Could the common energetic policy strengthen the energy security? I will also focus on possibilities of supplier and energy sources diversification. Last but not least, I will examine the topic of energetic savings and its impact on energy security.

The main target of the thesis is analysing of short-term indirect cross-sectoral impacts of taxation of electricity, solid fuels and natural gas on particular sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic, especially impacts on production prices. The key instrument for the analysis is the short-term price model for the Czech Republic, created as a component of the thesis. A secondary target is focused on the analysis of direct impacts, especially impacts on prices and expenditures of particular sectors of NACE. Within the scope of the main target, there are five different variants of taxation. For each of them the impact of taxation of particular commodities on changes in production prices of particular sectors of NACE is simulated. Than two different variants, both of them including taxation of all commodities, are compared. The thesis includes also two hypotheses, which are going to be confirmed or disproved on the basis of obtained results. For achieving the main target the methodology of Leontief input – output analysis was chosen (Leontief, 1966). This is the key instrument for creating short-term price model for the Czech Republic. This method is suitable especially for analysing short-term cross-sectoral impacts, however under necessary condition of no changes in current technologies, agreements and cross-sectoral relations. This condition represents strict limitation for the price model created for the thesis. Regarding scientific contribution, the main asset of this thesis is creation of macroeconomic short-term price model for the Czech Republic, which is based on methodology of Leontief input – output analysis. The additional contribution is calculation of the short-term impacts of new environmental taxation on production prices of particular sectors of NACE. Considering available information, environmental taxes in the Czech Republic have not been analysed by Leontief input - output methodology yet. There is not also sufficient analysis of environmental taxes impacts on particular sectors of NACE in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided to seven chapters. The first chapter focuses on introduction to environmental tax regulation issue. The second chapter presents theories and concepts of taxation impact analysis. The third chapter focuses on models and empirical research in environmental taxation area. The fourth chapter is dealing with basic practical aspects of introduction of new energy taxation in the Czech republic and presents data useful for the following analysis. The fifth chapter consists of describing of applied methodology and describing of creation of the price model. The sixth chapter summarises results of simulation of direct impact of taxation on average prices for companies and on expenditures of particular sectors of NACE. The seventh chapter presents results of cross-sectoral analysis of indirect macroeconomic impacts for all variants; the chapter includes also testing of hypotheses and comments of final results.

This diploma Thesis deals with the evaluation of Integrated model management in energy company E.ON Energia a.s., using methods Balanced Scorecard. The first part is a theoretical subject and its contents is analysis of the integrated management model and method Balanced Scorecard (BSC), as comprehensive approach in examining the performance of business entities. The second, practical part of work deals with the integrated model and financial analysis of specific energy company E.ON Energia a.s.,in years 2007 till 2011,in aspect of the distribution of spin-off company of the merger on 1 January 2008. On that basis, there are defined strategic business objectives, that are assigned to individual perspectives of performance measurement of method Balanced Scorecard, Outcome is evaluation the economic success of a company, in relation to different perspectives Balanced Scorecard and defined objectives of diploma Thesis.

The thesis called "The Future of Solar Power Plants in the Czech Republic" is oriented to the characteristics of production of electric energy in solar power plants which are supported by many legislative incentives. We are currently standing in the situation of reducing energy tariffs for production of electricity from solar power plants in most European countries because of their unbearable impact on consumers and national budgets. The aim of this thesis is to analyze impacts of the energy tariffs for solar energy and to explain increase of installed capacity of solar power plants by forming a model for calculating financial return of an investment in construction of solar panels. The thesis points out that the incentives are still very high and interest in construction of solar power plants will probably endure even in the future as long as these favorable legislative conditions are set. This situation will result in bringing more additional costs for the end-users of electric energy.

La technologie de réseau cellulaire de 5ème génération (5G) sera le réseau supportant l'Internet des objets (IoT). Elle a introduit une fonctionnalité majeure, communications appareil-à-appareil (D2D), que permettent communications sans fil à consommation d'énergie restreinte en interagissant à proximité et à puissance d'émission plus faible. La coopération entre appareils suscit donc un intérêt considérable pour l'énergie, et peut être utilisé en conjonction avec la récupération d'énergie pour prolonger la durée de vie des appareils. Les programmes de coopération renforcent la mise en réseau d'un appareil à l'autre, ce qui accroît la nécessité d'exécuter des mécanismes de sécurité pour assurer la protection des données et les relations de confiance entre les nœuds du réseau.Ces mécanismes sont fondamentaux pour la protection contre les attaques malveillantes mais elles représentent aussi une importante consommation d'énergie, souvent négligée en raison de l'importance de la protection des données. L'établissement d'un canal securisé peut être coûteux en termes d'utilisation du CPU, la mémoire et la consommation d'énergie, surtout si les appareils sont limités en ressources. La confidentialité et l’intégrité des données ont un faible coût énergétique, mais sont utilisées en permanence. Il est donc nécessaire de quantifier la consommation d'énergie engendrée par la sécurité d'un appareil. Un modèle énergétique basé sur la sécurité est proposé pour répondre à cet objectif.Dans les réseaux composés d'équipements d'utilisateurs (UE), la mobilité est une caractéristique clé. Elle peut agir sur la connexion à proximité d'objets IoT, étendant la couverture 5G vers l'IoT via les UEs. Une solution d'authentification légère est présentée qui permet par l'authentification directe et des communications UE-IoT, d'étendre la couverture et réaliser des économies d'énergie potentielles importantes. Cette approche peut être particulièrement utile en cas de catastrophe où l'infrastructure réseau peut ne pas être disponible.La condentialité et l'authentification des données sont une source de consommation d'énergie importante. Les appareils équipés avec équipements de collecte d'énergie (EH) peuvent avoir un excédent ou un déficit d'énergie. La sécurité appliquée peut donc être ajustée en fonction de l'énergie disponible d'un appareil, en introduisant l'établissement de canal sécurisé qui tient compte de la consommation d'énergie. Après avoir étudié en profondeur les normes 5G, il a été constaté que les réseaux d'UE D2D utilisant ce type de norme dépenseraient une quantité importante d'énergie et seraient généralement moins sûr. Un mécanisme léger de recléage est donc proposé pour réduire les coûts liés cette adaptation. Pour compléter le concept de canal sécurisé prenant en compte l'énergie et le mécanisme de recléage, une méthode de bootstrapping des paramètres de sécurité est également présentée. Le méthode désigne le cœur du réseau (CN) comme responsable de la politique de sécurité, rend l'ensemble du réseau plus sûr et aide à prévenir les pannes de communication. L'adaptation susvisé requiert l'étude du compromis entre l’énergie et sécurité. À cette fin, un processus décisionnel de Markov (MDP) modélisant un canal de communication est présenté lorsqu'un agent choisit les éléments de sécurité à appliquer aux paquets transmis. Ce problème d'optimisation du contrôle stochastique est résolu par plusieurs algorithmes de programmation dynamique et d’apprentissage par le renforcement (RL). Les résultats montrent que l'adaptation susvisé peut prolonger de manière significative la durée de vie de l'équipement et de la batterie, et améliore la fiabilité des données tout en offrant des fonctions de sécurité. Une étude comparative est présentée pour les différents algorithmes RL. Puis une approche d'apprentissage Q-profond (DQL) est proposé que améliore la vitesse d'apprentissage de l'agent et la fiabilité des données. / The 5th Generation Cellular Network Technology (5G) will be the network supporting the Internet of Things (IoT) and it introduced a major feature, Device-to-Device (D2D) communications. D2D allows energy-constrained wireless devices to save energy by interacting in proximity at a lower transmission power. Cooperation and device-assisted networking therefore raise signicant interest with respect to energy saving, and can be used in conjunction with energy harvesting to prolong the lifetime of battery-powered devices. However, cooperation schemes increase networking between devices, increasing the need for security mechanisms to be executed to assure data protection and trust relations between network nodes. This leads to the use of cryptographic primitives and security mechanisms with a much higher frequency.Security mechanisms are fundamental for protection against malicious actions but they also represent an important source of energy consumption, often neglected due to the importance of data protection. Authentication procedures for secure channel establishment can be computationally and energetically expensive, especially if the devices are resource constrained. Security features such as condentiality and data authentication have a low energetic cost but are used constantly in a device engaged in data exchanges. It is therefore necessary to properly quantify the energy consumption due to security in a device. A security based energy model is proposed to achieve this goal.In User Equipment (UE) D2D networks, mobility is a key characteristic. It can be explored for connecting directly in proximity with IoT objects. A lightweight authentication solution is presented that allows direct UE-IoT communications, extending coverage and potentially saving signicant energy amounts. This approach can be particularly useful in Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) scenarios where the network infrastructure may not be available.Security features such as condentiality or data authentication are a significant source of consumption. Devices equipped with Energy Harvesting (EH) hardware can have a surplus or a deficit of energy. The applied security can therefore be adjusted to the available energy of a device, introducing an energy aware secure channel. After in depth analysis of 5G standards, it was found that D2D UE networks using this type of channel would spend a signicant amount of energy and be generally less secure. A lightweight rekeying mechanism is therefore proposed to reduce the security overhead of adapting security to energy. To complete the proposed rekeying mechanism, a security parameter bootstrapping method is also presented. The method denes the Core Network (CN) as the security policy maker, makes the overall network more secure and helps preventing communication outages.Adapting security features to energy levels raises the need for the study of the energy/security tradeoff. To this goal, an Markov Decision Process (MDP) modeling a communication channel is presented where an agent chooses the security features to apply to transmitted packets. This stochastic control optimization problem is solved via several dynamic programming and Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. Results show that adapting security features to the available energy can signicantly prolong battery lifetime, improve data reliability while still providing security features. A comparative study is also presented for the different RL learning algorithms. Then a Deep Q-Learning (DQL) approach is presented and tested to improve the learning speed of the agent. Results confirm the faster learning speed. The approach is then tested under difficult EH hardware stability. Results show robust learning properties and excellent security decision making from the agent with a direct impact on data reliability. Finally, a memory footprint comparison is made to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented system even on resource constrained devices.

89 Public law regulation of renewable energy sources usage in the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis is devoted to the public regulation of renewable sources usage in the Czech Republic. It is however strongly emphasizing the European component of the regulation and it gives some focus to a comparison of Czech regulation with foreign regulation, specifically German. Its objective is to define concepts that are necessary to analyze legal regulation, analyze the evolution of the public law regulation in the area of renewable energy sources, describe current situation and provide some prospect for future, as well as offer suggestions on improvement of the regulation. The thesis therefore in its first part provides definitions of basic concepts, such as renewable energy sources and particular types thereof, production and source of electrical energy. In a following part the thesis using historical legislation as well as other sources follows the evolution of the regulation in question on the Czech territory and focuses on a successful program Zelená úsporám in a greater detail. Chronologically comes the thesis to a current state of regulation of renewable energy sources usage, mainly from a viewpoint of a public support thereof. Hence it concerns mainly about the law No. 165/2012 Sb. on supported energy...

The aim of this work is to investigate the energy consumption of the servo drive at different control settings. First, the theoretical part describes the servo drive as a mechatronic system with subsequent disassembly in terms of losses and efficiency, where all the losses that occur in the servo drives are defined. Subsequently, the theoretical part concludes with a chapter on controllers, thanks to which it is possible to control servo drives and describes their influence on the resulting control. In the practical part, a model of a DC motor with a linear axis and regulation was first created in the Simulink program. Subsequently, the Matlab program defined motion with linear acceleration and motion using S-curves, which controlled the model. Then the model was measured at different settings of the controllers and the resulting waveforms together with the energy values were compared with each other. In the second half of the practical part of this work, a real servo drive was then measured with a subsequent comparison with the created model. In this comparison, the resulting waveforms and energy values were also compared. The result of this work is then to determine the effect of changes on the resulting control, which are made in the controller settings. The functional models can then be used to determine how the various servo drives will behave under the given control conditions.