Desde o primeiro choque do petróleo, em 1973, os países têm despendido esforços para reduzir sua dependência pelo produto, produzido principalmente em regiões politicamente instáveis. Os Estados Unidos são os maiores consumidores mundiais do combustível, e cerca de 70% são destinados ao transporte. Desde o final da década de 70, o governo americano tem incentivado o uso de etanol como substituto parcial da gasolina. No entanto, o crescimento do biocombustível levantou polêmicas porque a matéria-prima utilizada na sua produção no país é o milho, o que poderia estar afetando a oferta do grão para a produção de alimentos. Dessa forma, foi aprovado em 2007 o RFS2, uma legislação que prevê o consumo mandatório de volumes crescentes de etanol até 2022, mas limita a produção a partir de milho. Os investimentos em pesquisas de combustíveis alternativos passaram a se focar no desenvolvimento de etanol de segunda geração, que utiliza material celulósico como matéria-prima. Sua viabilidade técnica já foi confirmada, mas ainda são necessárias melhorias no processo de produção para que o produto possa ser ofertado em escala comercial. Por outro lado, o Brasil tem uma indústria de etanol madura e também tem feito pesquisas na tecnologia de segunda geração. Se bem sucedida, o país tem planos de exportar o excedente de produção, e os Estados Unidos são um mercado de interesse. O objetivo desta dissertação é auxiliar na avaliação das necessidades de os Estados Unidos importarem etanol de outros países, o que pode criar uma oportunidade para o Brasil. Para isso, foi utilizada a abordagem lógico-intuitiva de construção de cenários - voltada a aspectos qualitativos - para estudar o mercado de etanol combustível nos Estados Unidos até o ano de 2022. A coleta de informações foi feita por meio da revisão bibliográfica, focada em artigos internacionais. A política energética americana e a evolução da tecnologia de segunda geração de etanol foram identificadas como as principais incertezas que devem moldar o futuro do mercado em estudo. A partir delas, foram gerados quatro cenários, nomeados como \"Filho pródigo\", \"Pais esperançosos\", \"Filho independente\" e \"Filho preterido\". Concluiu-se que, enquanto o governo americano continuar incentivando o consumo de etanol, haverá boas oportunidades de exportação do biocombustível brasileiro. Os maiores volumes são esperados em \"Pais esperançosos\". Por outro lado, caso outras alternativas energéticas sejam priorizadas, nossas exportações podem reduzir substancialmente, e o volume comercializado dependerá do preço do nosso produto em relação ao deles e à gasolina. / Since the first oil shock in 1973, countries have made efforts to reduce their dependence on the product, mainly produced in politically unstable regions. The United States is the world\'s largest consumer of the fuel, and about 70 % is allocated to transport. Since the late 70s, the U.S. government has encouraged the use of ethanol as a partial substitute for gasoline. However, the growth of the biofuel arose controversy because the raw material used for the domestic production is corn, which could be affecting the supply of the grain for food production. Thus, it was approved in 2007 the RFS2, a legislation that requires mandatory use of increasing volumes of ethanol until 2022, but limits production from corn. Investments in alternative fuels research started to focus on the development of second generation ethanol, which uses cellulosic material as feedstock. Its technical feasibility has been confirmed, but improvements are still needed in the production process so that the product can be offered on a commercial scale. On the other hand, Brazil has a mature ethanol industry and is also doing research on second-generation technology. If successful, the country plans to export the surplus production, and the United States is a market of interest. The objective of this thesis is to assist the assessment of the United States needs to import ethanol from other countries, which may create an opportunity for Brazil. The logical-intuitive approach of scenario building - focused on qualitative aspects - was used to study the market for fuel ethanol in the United States until the year 2022. Data collection was done through literature review, focused on international articles. The U.S. energy policy and developments in the technology of second generation ethanol were identified as the major uncertainties that are shaping the future of the market under study. Four scenarios were generated from these two uncertainties and named as \"Prodigal Son\", \"Hopeful parents\", \"Independent Son\" and \"Deprecated Son\". It was concluded that while the U.S. government continues to encourage the consumption of ethanol, there are good opportunities to export the Brazilian biofuel. The largest volumes are expected in \"Hopeful parents\". On the other hand, if other energy alternatives are prioritized, our exports can reduce substantially, and sales volume will depend on the price of our product relative to theirs and gasoline.

The residential sector in England is often identified as having the largest potential for emissions reduction at some of the lowest costs when compared against other sectors. In spite of this, decarbonisation within the residential sector has not materialised. This thesis explores the complexities of decarbonising the residential sector in England using a whole systems approach. It is only when the interaction between social, psychological, regulatory, technical, material and economic factors are considered together that the behaviour of the system emerges and the relationships between different system components can be explained giving insight into the underlying issues of decarbonisation. Building regulations, assessments and certification standards are critical for motivating and driving innovation towards decarbonising the building stock. Many existing building performance and evaluation tools are shown to be ineffective and confound different policy objectives. Not only is the existing UK SAP standard shown to be a poor predictor of dwelling level energy demand but it perversely incentivises households to increase CO2 emissions. At the dwelling level, a structural equation model is developed to quantify direct, indirect and total effects on residential energy demand. Interestingly, building efficiency is shown to have reciprocal causality with a household’s propensity to consume energy. That is, dwellings with high-energy efficiency consume less energy, but homes with a propensity to consume more energy are also more likely to have higher energy efficiency. Internal dwelling temperature is one of the most important parameters for explaining residential energy demand over a heterogeneous building stock. Yet bottom up energy demand models inadequately incorporate internal temperature as a function of human behaviour. A panel model is developed to predict daily mean internal temperatures from individual dwellings. In this model, socio-demographic, behavioural, physical and environmental variables are combined to estimate the daily fluctuations of mean internal temperature demand. The internal temperature prediction model is then incorporated in a bottom-up engineering simulation model. The residential energy demand model is then used to project decarbonisation scenarios to 2050. Under the assumption of consistent energy demand fuel share allocation, modelling results suggest that emissions from the residential sector can be reduced from 125 MtCO2 to 44 MtCO2 after all major energy efficiency measures have been applied, the power sector is decarbonised and all newly constructed dwellings are zero carbon. Meeting future climate change targets will thus not only require extensive energy efficiency upgrades to all existing dwellings but also the complete decarbonisation of end use energy demand. Such a challenge can only be met through the transformation of existing building regulations, models that properly allow for the effects of human behaviour, and flexible policies capable of maximising impact from a heterogeneous residential building stock.

The building sector is a major contributor to theenvironmental loads generated by the society. The recognitionof this fact by the sector and a general strive toward asustainable society have lead to afocus on different toolsthat can be used to enhance the environmental performance ofthe sector and the society. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is oneof these tools. The LCA methodology was initially developed forassessments of short-lived consumer products. The increasinginterest in using the LCA methodology in the context of thebuilding sector has initiated a development of the methodologyto be able to consider the specific characteristics andconsiderations of the building sector. These are specific forthe building sector, but not always unique. Examples ofcharacteristics and considerations are: that each building isunique, the functional output is not always a physical productbut rather a service, the long service lives of buildings.These have implications on several elements in the LCAmethodology. The influenced elements that are dealt with inthis thesis are in particular the modeling of the system, thefunctional unit, boundary setting, life cycle scenarios,scenarios and inventory of the usage phase and allocationprocedures. Buildings and constructions are commonly not static systems.The systems are rather dynamic in the sense that the systemwill provide different services based on the same physicalstructure during its service life. To be able to model thedynamic system sequential life cycle thinking is introduced anda list of topics is derived. The list of topics is a structuredpresentation of issues that are of interest in the pursuit of aflexible LCA methodology. The goal is to find out if amethodological approach is suitable for modeling dynamicsystems with a functional unit that is based on the providedservice rather than the physical building. Boundary setting, life cycle scenarios, allocationprocedures, predicted service life and the modelling of theusage phase are all elements of the LCA methodology that havean potential to influence the result of an LCA in a significantway. The magnitude of the potential influence has beenmonitored based on the results of three case studies, whichhave been elaborated further to be able to estimate themagnitude of the potential influence. There is a multitude of available allocation procedurespresented and used in different contexts. The procedures aredeveloped based on different considerations and with differentintended applications. Two alternative allocation proceduresare presented in this thesis. The first is a proceduredeveloped with multi recyclable materials in mind and it isbased on the recyclability of materials and products. Thesecond procedure is quite recently developed and it is based ona combination of economic parameters and recyclability. The importance of the usage phase for buildings andconstructions has previously been recognised. The maincontributors to the environmental loads generated during theusage phase are energy use, maintenance and emissions fromproducts. It is, however, not very common to consider the usagephase in assessments conducted on materials and components,even though it is stipulated in e.g. ISO 14025 that the wholelife cycle should be considered. A proposal of a model toestimate the environmental loads is, therefore, presented. Keywords:Life cycle assessment, Building materials andcomponents, Buildings and constructions, Allocation, Resultvariation, Usage phase, Energy demand / <p>NR 20140805</p>

abstract: Thermal extremes are responsible for more than 90% of all weather-related deaths in the United States, with heat alone accounting for an annual death toll of 618. With the combination of global warming and urban expansion, cities are becoming hotter and the threat to the well-being of citizens in urban areas is growing. Because people in modern societies (and in particular, vulnerable groups such as the elderly) spend most of their time inside their home, indoor exposure to heat is the underlying cause in a considerable fraction of heat-related morbidity and mortality. Notably, this can be observed in many US cities despite the high prevalence of mechanical air conditioning in the building stock. Therefore, part of the effort to reducing the overall vulnerability of urban populations to heat needs to be dedicated to understanding indoor exposure, its underlying behavioral and physical mechanisms, health outcomes, and possible mitigation strategies. This dissertation is an effort to advance the knowledge in these areas. The cities of Houston, TX, Phoenix, AZ, and Los Angeles, CA, are used as test beds to assess exposure and vulnerability to indoor heat among people 65 and older. Measurements and validated whole-building simulations were used in conjunction with heat-vulnerability surveys and epidemiological modelling (of collaborators) to (1) understand how building characteristics and practices govern indoor exposure to heat among the elderly; (2) evaluate mechanical air conditioning as a reliable protective factor against indoor exposure to heat; and (3) identify potential impacts from the evolving building stock and a warming urban climate. The results show strong associations between indoor heat exposure and certain health outcomes and highlight the vulnerability of elderly populations to heat despite the prevalence of air conditioning systems. Given the current construction practices and urban warming trends, this vulnerability will continue to grow. Therefore, policies promoting climate adaptive buildings features, as well as better access to reliable and affordable AC are needed. In addition, this research draws attention to the significant potential health consequences of large-scale power outages and proposes the implementation of passive survivability in regulations as one important preventative action. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Engineering 2019

Changes in weather patterns worldwide and global warming increased the demand for high-performance buildings resilient to climate change. Building Performance Simulation (BPS) is a robust technique to test, assess, and enhance energy efficiency measures and comply with stringent energy codes of buildings. Climate has a considerable impact on the buildings' thermal environment and energy performance; therefore, choosing reliable and accurate weather data is crucial for building performance evaluation and reducing the performance gap. Typical Weather Years (TWYs) have been traditionally used for energy simulation of buildings. Even if detailed energy assessments can be performed using available multi-year weather data, most simulations are carried out using a typical single year. As a result, this fictitious year must accurately estimate the typical multi-year conditions. TWYs are widely used because they accelerate the modeling process and cut down on computation time while generating relatively accurate long-term predictions of building energy performance. However, there is no certainty that a single year can describe the changing climate and year-by-year variations in weather patterns. Nowadays, with increased computational power and higher speeds in calculation processes, it is possible to adopt multi-year weather datasets to fully assess long-term building energy performance and avoid errors and inaccuracies during the preliminary selection procedures. This study aims to investigate the impact of Typical Weather Years and Actual Weather Years (AWYs) on a single-family house and a university building under two opposite climates, Winnipeg (cold) and Catania (hot). First, a single-family house in Winnipeg, Canada, was selected to evaluate how typical weather years affect the energy performance of the building and compare it with AWYs simulation. Two widely used typical weather data, CWEC and TMY, were selected for the simulation. The results were compared with the outcomes of simulation using AWYs derived from the same weather station from 2015 to 2019, which covered the latest climate changes. The results showed that typical weather years could not sufficiently capture the year-by-year variation in weather patterns. The typical weather years overestimated the cooling load while underestimating the heating demands compared to the last five actual weather years. A more extensive study was conducted for more confidence in the findings and understanding of the weather files. The research was expanded by comparing the results of building performance simulation of the single-family house and an institutional building with more complex envelope characteristics belonging to the University of Manitoba under cold (Winnipeg, Canada) and hot (Catania, Italy) climates. Overall, 48 simulations were performed using ten actual weather years from 2010 to 2019 and two TWYs from each climate for both buildings. The results showed that while the TWYs either overestimate or underestimate the cooling and heating demands of both buildings, cooling load predictions were highly overestimated in the heating-dominant climate of Winnipeg, ranging from 10.5% to 82.4% for both buildings by CWEC and TMY weather data. In the cooling-dominant climate of Catania, energy simulations using IWEC and TMY typical weather data highly overestimated the heating loads between 2.8% and 82.4%.

Buildings and the built environment account for a significant portion of the global energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing the energy demand in this sector is crucial for a sustainable energy transition. This highlights the need for accurate and large-scale estimations and predictions of the future energy demand in buildings. Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is an analytical tool for precise and high-quality energy modelling of city-scale building stocks, which is growing in interest as a useful tool for researchers and decision-makers worldwide. This thesis contributes to the understanding and future development in the field of UBEM and multi-variate cluster analysis. Based on a review of contemporary literature, possible improvements and knowledge gaps regarding UBEM are identified. The majority of UBEM studies are developed for similar applications, and some challenges are close to universal. Difficulties in data acquisition and the identification and characterisation of building archetypes are frequently addressed. Drawing on conclusions from the review, a clustering methodology for identifying building archetypes for hybrid UBEM was developed. The methodology utilised the k-means cluster analysis algorithm for multiple diverse parameters, including socio-economic indicators, and is based on open data sets which eliminates data acquisition issues and allows for easy adaptation. Building archetypes were successfully identified for two large data sets, and proved to be representative of the sample building stock. The results of the analysis also show that the error metric values diverge after a certain number of clusters, for multiple runs of the algorithm. This property of the algorithm in combination with the use of both existing and novel error metrics provide a reliable method for determining the optimal number of clusters. The methodology developed in this thesis enables for an improved modelling process, as a part of a complete UBEM.

De klimatförändringar som idag orsakar allt större problem för länder i Himalayaregionen har ökat beslutsfattares medvetenhet kring konsekvenserna som de ökande temperaturerna för med sig. När människor konsumerar energi från fossila bränslekällor ökar koncentrationen av bland annat koldioxid i atmosfären vilket bidrar till den växthuseffekt som sakta värmer upp jordens klimat. Detta påverkar ekosystem och ökar risken för naturkatastrofer. Nepal är ett av länderna som ser konsekvenserna av den globala uppvärmningen från nära håll och landet satsar därför på att utveckla energisektorn genom implementeringen av fossilfria energislag. En av de mest framgångsrika satsningarna är användandet av biogasteknologi. Idag har över 350 000 småskaliga biogasanläggningar installerats över hela landet. Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), den verkställande myndighetsorganisationen för främjande av ren och hållbar energi satsar nu på att utveckla den storskaliga biogassektorn för att öka landets inhemska och hållbara energiutvinning.   Shree Krishna Gau Sewa Sadan (SKGSS) är en hinduisk stiftelse belägen i byn Jatuwa i sydöstra Nepal vars syfte är att ta hand om och betjäna kor, djur som inom hinduism är betraktade som heliga. Stiftelsen siktar nu på att bli ekonomiskt självförsörjande genom att sälja biogas och rötslam från en nyligen byggd biogasanläggning till närliggande hushåll. Gasen ska produceras från dynga insamlat från stiftelsens kor och distribueras genom ett gasnät som ännu inte är byggt. Syftet med denna studie var att utreda möjligheterna för SKGSS att framgångsrikt driva biogasanläggningen och fokuserade på två områden som var av intresse för AEPC, projektets huvudsponsor. Det första var att primärt beräkna hushållens energibehov för matlagning, deras nuvarande energikostnader för matlagning och deras inställning att byta till biogas som matlagningsbränsle för att assistera planeringen av det framtida gasnätet. Det andra var att lokalisera och identifiera potentiella förbättringsområden inom biogassystemet och baserat på detta ge förslag på huvudsakligen tekniska förbättringar som kan hjälpa SKGSS att framgångsrikt driva biogasanläggningen. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en litteraturstudie, semi-konstruerade intervjuer, enkätundersökning av hushållen och en inspektion av biogasanläggningen.   Enkätundersökningen visade att hushållens intresse att byta till biogas är stort. De flesta var dessutom villiga att betala för att anslutas till gasnätet. Den positiva inställningen till biogas härrör möjligen delvis från en ökad medvetenhet kring klimatfrågor samt energisäkerhet. Undersökningen visade även att det närliggande området inte är en trolig marknad för försäljning av rötslam. Dock är Nepal en växande marknad för organiskt och högkvalitativ gödsel så möjligheterna för en lyckad försäljning av rötslam är ändå stora. De primära beräkningarna visade att anläggningen med dess idag tillgängliga mängd organiskt material inte kan förse mer än 50 hushåll med biogas. Vid planläggningen av gasnätet måste dock beräkningar baserade på faktiska mätningar av biogassystemet göras. Denna studie rekommenderar även ett antal förbättringar av biogassystemet som skulle kunna hjälpa stiftelsens biogasanläggning att fungera bättre. / As climate change becomes an ever-bigger issue for countries in the south-Himalayan region, policy makers become more aware of the problems associated with increasing temperatures. As countries consume more energy extracted from fossil fuels the climate becomes warmer, affecting ecosystems and increasing the risk of natural disasters. Nepal is one of the countries seeing the effects of global warming from close range and the country is now seriously aiming to develop its energy sector through the implementation of sustainable energies. One of the more successful stories of the Nepali energy sector is the implementation of biogas technology. As of today, more than 350 000 small scale biogas systems for single household use are operating all over Nepal. The Alternative Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC), the focal governmental agency for the promotion of sustainable and clean energy, is now aiming to develop the large-scale biogas sector. This would increase the amount of domestic sustainable energy as well as the country’s energy security.   The Shree Krishna Gau Sewa Sadan (SKGSS) is a Hindu trust located in south-eastern Nepal with the purpose of taking in and serving cows. It now aims to become economically self-sufficient by selling biogas and slurry produced from a newly constructed large-scale biogas plant to the nearby community households. The biogas will be produced from cow dung collected on the property and distributed to the households through a gas grid that is yet to be designed and built. The purpose of study was to investigate the opportunities for the trust to successfully operate the biogas plant and was focused on two areas of interest to the AEPC, which is the key sponsor of the community biogas project. The first was to primarily calculate the energy cooking demand of the nearby households, their current cost of cooking and their attitude towards a switch to biogas usage which would assist the planning of the future gas grid. The second was to localize and identify potential areas of improvements within the biogas system and based on that offer suggestions of improvements focused on technical aspects that would help the SKGSS to successfully operate the biogas plant.The study was conducted using a literature study, semi-constructed interviews, household surveys and on-site inspections of the biogas plant.   The household survey showed that the nearby households’ interest in switching to biogas is high. Most of the households also showed to be willing to pay extra money to be connected to the biogas grid. The positive attitude towards biogas partly stems from a raised awareness about climate issues as well as increased security in energy security. The survey also showed that the nearby urban and semi-urban community is not a viable market for the produced slurry. However, Nepal is a big and growing market for organic high value fertilizer so the potential of a successful sale of slurry is still high. The primary calculations show that with the feedstock available, the community biogas plant cannot suffice more than 50 households’ energy demand for cooking. When designing the gas grid, proper calculations based on actual measurements of the biogas system need to be done. This study also recommends various improvements of the biogas system that will help the SKGSS biogas plant to operate successfully.

Bolivia är ett land i Sydamerika där en stor del av befolkningen lever utan tillgång till tillförlitligelektricitet på grund av olika topografiska och/eller ekonomiska förhållanden. Lösningen pådetta problem har varit att förlänga det nationella elnätet vilket är tidskrävande och inte alltidekonomiskt försvarbart. Därför har mindre system, för ett samhälle eller en familj, börjatutvecklas. Dessa system består vanligtvis av en dieselgenerator men i vissa fall är det även ettdiesel-/PV-hybridsystem. Syftet med denna rapport är att analysera potentialen hos olikahybridsystem samt att sammanställa tidigare arbeten om energi- och hybridsystem i Bolivia somen grund för framtida studier.Hypotesen i denna rapport är att Bolivia kan delas in i tre olika geografiska områden (3 fall) ochatt ett hybridsystem kan utformas för var och ett av dessa områden där sammasystemkonfiguration kan användas, endast i olika skalor. Genom detta kan kostnaden minskasför samhället eftersom det kan standardiseras. Möjligheten för samhällen, geografiskt näravarandra, att dela ett system och anslutas via ett minigrid kommer också analyseras.För detta kommer potentialen och efterfrågan på energi runt om i landet att undersökas och olikateknologier för förnybara energisystem kommer också att övervägas. Från denna informationkommer flera optimeringar i HOMER PRO-mjukvaran att utföras för att designa systemetskonfiguration och analysera systemets effektivitet.I rapporten uppskattas behovet för två olika scenarion. Ett samhälle med endast bostäder(1.5 kWh/hushåll/dag) och ett med fungerande infrastruktur så som skolor, gatubelysning etc.(4 kWh/hushåll/dag). Dessa undersöks sedan i två olika skalor vardera för att se hur ett systembeter sig när samhället växer. Behovet för ett samhälle med endast bostäder kommer analyserasför 10 och 20 hushåll medans samhället med infrastruktur analyseras för 50 och 100 hushåll.Studiens slutsats är att PV-/dieselsystemet är det mest ekonomiskt hållbara, förutom då en starkhydroresurs finns tillgänglig, för då kan ett PV-/hydrosystem eller endast hydrosystem fyllabehovet till ett bättre pris. Dessa system är även mer ekologiskt hållbara. Det kunde även ses attsmå förändringar med mer förnyelsebara resurser, för storskaliga system, kunde minskadieselförbrukningen väsentligt och detta med en låg prisökning. Förlängningen av etthybridsystem till flera samhällen visade sig emellertid inte vara effektivt. / Bolivia is a country in South America where a large part of its population lives without access toreliable electricity due to various topographical or/and economic conditions. The solution to thisproblem has been to extend the national electricity grid. This takes time and is not economicallysustainable in all cases. Smaller systems, for a community or household, have therefore started tobe developed. These systems usually consist out of a diesel generator or, in some cases, adiesel/PV hybrid system. The purpose of this report is to analyse the potential of different hybridsystems for different areas in Bolivia and to compile the previous work undertaken in energydemand and hybrid systems in Bolivia. From the gathered information, future studies will besuggested.The hypothesis of this report is that Bolivia can be divided into three different geographical areas(3 cases) and a hybrid system can be designed for each one of these areas. The same systemconfiguration can be used in all cases, only used in different scales. The cost can then be reducedfor the community, since it can be standardized. The report will also look at the possibility forcommunities’, close to each other, to share one system and be connected through a minigridsystem.To analyse this, the potential/demand of energy around the country will be examined anddifferent technologies of renewable energy systems will be considered. From this information,multiple optimizations in the HOMER PRO software will be performed to design and analysethe effectiveness of the systems. Estimations for two different scenarios will be made. Onecommunity with only resident houses (1.5 kWh/household/day) and one society with workinginfrastructure such as schools and public lighting (4 kWh/household/day). These are thenexamined in two different scales each, to see how a system behaves when scaled up. The demandfor a community with only private houses will be analyzed for 10 and 20 households. The largersociety with infrastructure for 50 and 100 households.The conclusion that could be drawn after the project is that the PV / Diesel system is the mosteconomically sustainable in all cases, except if a strong hydro-recourse is available then aPV/hydro or single hydro system can fill the demand for a better price. These systems are alsomore ecologically sustainable. It was also observed that minor changes, more renewableresources, in the system configuration for large-scale systems could significantly reduce dieselconsumption and at a lower price. The extension of a hybrid system to several communities didnot prove to be effective.

No description available.

A growing world population has resulted in an increasing number of people being homeless or living in inadequate housing. In addition, the threatening climate crisis and the world’s limited resources calls for a more sustainable way of living. The organization Stockholm Tiny House Expo aims to contribute a solution to these issues: an artificial island with several tiny houses, able to adapt to rising sea levels, having net-zero-waste and completely self-sufficient regarding energy. This island will symbolize the sustainable development goals and will be an attraction for tourists, as well as create several job opportunities. In order to realize this vision, research needs to be conducted to find solutions to make this island become reality. Therefore, the aim of this project is to evaluate the economic and environmental feasibility of a high degree of self-sufficiency regarding energy, by locally producing heat and power, on an artificial island in Stockholm. Firstly, a literature review is conducted to find suitable technologies to supply the island with heat and power. Subsequently, the software tools IDA ICE and HOMER Pro are used to simulate the energy demand and supply of the island. Eight different scenarios, with different types of supply and demand, are created to investigate different possibilities of the island. The scenarios are evaluated using technical-, economic- and environmental key performance indicators. A scenario where the demand is reduced and heat and power are supplied only by resources on the island, is deemed most relevant based on Stockholm Tiny House Expo’s vision. A sensitivity analysis is therefore performed on this scenario. The results indicate technical and environmental feasibility; however, the economic evaluation showed that this scenario will be non-profitable. Although the scenario is non-profitable, if further measures are taken to create a pricing model to customers, it could be possible. In conclusion, the results of this research indicate that it is possible for Stockholm Tiny House Expo to be self-sufficient regarding heat and power solely utilizing renewable energy. The evaluation of the results, however, showed that it is not economically feasible. In addition, the national grid did not contribute to an impact on the surrounding environment, nor to a considerable amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Hence, grid connection is recommended for Stockholm Tiny House Expo. / En växande världspopulation har resulterat i att ett ökande antal människor är hemlösa eller bor i bristfälliga bostäder. Den hotande klimatkrisen och jordens begränsade tillgångar kräver dessutom en hållbarare livsstil. Organisationen Stockholm Tiny House Expo vill bidra med en lösning till dessa problem: en artificiell ö med flera småhus, som kan anpassa sig till stigande havsnivåer, har noll nettoavfall och är helt självförsörjande gällande energi. Denna ö kommer symbolisera FN:s hållbarhetsmål och vara en turistattraktion så väl som skapa ett flertal arbetsmöjligheter. För att förverkliga denna vision krävs forskning för att hitta lösningar och göra denna ö till verklighet. Därmed är syftet med detta projekt att undersöka den ekonomiska och miljömässiga genomförbarheten av en hög grad av självförsörjning av energi, genom att lokalt producera kraft och värme, på en artificiell ö i Stockholm. Först utförs en litteraturstudie för att hitta lämpliga teknologier för att försörja ön med kraft och värme. Därefter används programvarorna IDA ICE och HOMER Pro för att simulera energibehovet och energiförsörjningen för ön. Åtta olika scenarier, med olika typer av försörjning och behov, konstrueras för att undersöka olika möjligheter för ön. Scenarierna utvärderas med hjälp av tekniska-, ekonomiska- och miljömässiga nyckeltal (key performance indicators). Ett scenario där behovet är reducerat samt att kraft och värme endast försörjs av resurser på ön, bedöms vara mest relevant baserat på Stockholm Tiny House Expos vision. En känslighetsanalys utförs därför på detta scenario. Resultaten tyder på att scenariot är tekniskt och miljömässigt genomförbart; dock visade den ekonomiska utvärderingen att det inte är lönsamt. Trots detta så skulle det kunna vara möjligt om vidare åtgärder tas för att skapa en prissättningsmodell mot kunderna. Sammanfattningsvis så tyder resultaten på att det är möjligt för Stockholm Tiny House Expo att vara självförsörjande gällande kraft och värme som endast utnyttjar förnybar energi. Utvärderingen av resultatet visade dock att det inte är ekonomiskt genomförbart. Det nationella kraftnätet bidrog dessutom inte till påverkan på den omgivande miljön och inte heller någon betydande mängd växthusgasutsläpp. Följaktligen rekommenderas nätanslutning för Stockholm Tiny House Expo.