Introducción: El distrito de El Agustino pertenece a la DIRIS Lima Este con una población de 197,788 pobladores y un índice de pobreza de 22,10%. El principal problema de salud es el alto índice de morbilidad por IRAS y las neoplasias como la primera causa de mortalidad. Asimismo, el ascenso de casos de Covid-19 en el primer trimestre del año. Descripción del proyecto: Se planteó como objetivo mejorar la practica de estratégias preventivas frente al Covid-19 en la familia Meza Pucuhuayla. El total de participantes fueron 3 integrantes, un grupo heterogéneo en edades. Se elaboraron materiales educativos para todas las sesiones educativas y talleres, listas de cotejo para los monitoreos semanales. Se empleó la plataforma Kahoot para los pre y post test de las sesiones educativas. Resultados: Para las actividades planteadas se logró el 100% de eficacia y cobertura en las sesiones educativas con los temas de alimentación saludable, enfermedades respiratorias y generalidades del Covid-19. En relación a talleres todos tuvierton un volumen de 3 participantes instruidos y con una productividad en promedio de 10 minutos por cada integrante. Para la actividad de monitoreo de actividad fisica se logró un volumen de 6 listas de cotejo y una cobertura del 200%. Para el taller de bioseguridad y desinfección frente al Covid-19 se logró un volumen de 12 listas de cotejo monitoreadas. Conclusiones: Se logró incrementar prácticas de hábitos saludables para lo que se comparó en tres momentos las actividades físicas y elaboración de alimentación saludable. Asimismo, se logró identificar medidas preventivas para las enfermedades respiratorias prevalentes en sesiones educativas; se implementó un protocolo de desinfección y bioseguridad en el hogar en el cual se aprendió el correcto uso de desifecctantes, técnica de lavado de manos e inocuidad de alimentos. / Introduction: The district of El Agustino belongs to the East Lima DIRIS with a population of 197,788 inhabitants and a poorness rate of 22.10%. The main health problem is the high rate of morbidity due to ARIS and neoplasms as the first cause of mortality. Likewise, the rise in Covid-19 cases in the first quarter of the year. Description of project: The objective was to improve the practice of preventive strategies against Covid-19 in the Meza Pucuhuayla family. The total of participants were 3 members, a heterogeneous age group. Educational materials were prepared for all educational sessions and workshops, checklists for weekly monitoring. The Kahoot platform was used for the pre and post tests of the educational sessions. Results: For the proposed activities, 100% efficiency and coverage were achieved in the educational sessions with the topics of healthy eating, respiratory diseases and generalities of the Covid-19. In relation to workshops, all had a volume of 3 instructed participants and with an average productivity of 10 minutes for each member. For the physical activity monitoring activity, a volume of 6 checklists was achieved and a coverage of 200%. For the biosafety and disinfection workshop against Covid - 19, a volume of 12 monitored checklists was achieved. Conclusions: It was possible to increase the practices of healthy habits, for which physical activities and the preparation of healthy eating were compared in three moments. Likewise, it was possible to identify preventive measures for prevalent respiratory diseases in educational sessions; a disinfection and biosecurity protocol was implemented in the home in which the correct use of disinfectants, hand washing technique and food safety were learned. / Trabajo de investigación

Introducción: La cloración de agua es usada para controlar enfermedades entéricas; sin embargo, también conlleva la formación de productos derivados que pueden dañar el epitelio respiratorio. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar si existe asociación entre el nivel de cloro residual del agua del hogar y la presencia de síntomas respiratorios y diarrea en niños menores de 5 años en el Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico basado en un análisis secundario de las cinco últimas Encuestas Demográficas y de Salud Familiar (ENDES), Perú 2015-2019. Se incluyeron menores de 5 años en cuyos hogares se realizó medición de cloro residual del agua para consumo humano. Se analizaron tres desenlaces: síntomas respiratorios sin fiebre, síntomas respiratorios con fiebre, y diarrea en los 14 días previos a la encuesta. Se obtuvieron razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas (RPa) empleando regresión de Poisson considerando la muestra compleja. Resultados: Se incluyeron 95631 niños, 51.2% de sexo masculino. La prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios sin fiebre fue 19.4%, de síntomas respiratorios con fiebre 14.7%, y de diarrea 11.6%. El 30.5% de hogares tuvieron niveles de cloro residual ≥0.5 mg/L, y fue no detectable en 54.6%. Niveles ≥0.5 mg/L aumentaron la probabilidad de síntomas respiratorios sin fiebre (RPa 1.09; IC95% 1.03–1.15) y redujeron presencia de diarrea (RPa 0.90; IC95% 0.84–0.96). Niveles 0.1-0.5mg/L aumentaron la probabilidad de síntomas respiratorios sin fiebre (RPa 1.10; IC95% 1.04–1.16), y redujeron diarrea (RPa 0.89; IC95% 0.83–0.96). No hubo asociación con síntomas respiratorios con fiebre. Conclusiones: Los niveles de cloro residual ≥0.5 mg/l y entre 0.1-0.5 mg/l se asociaron a mayor prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios sin fiebre, y menor prevalencia de diarrea, pero no con síntomas respiratorios con fiebre. Debería explorarse más la relación entre cloración de agua del hogar e irritación de las vías áreas en niños. / Introduction: Water chlorination is a cornerstone for enteric diseases control; however, it could also lead to disinfection-by-products formation, which may damage the respiratory epithelium. This study aims to assess association of residual chlorine levels in household water with respiratory symptoms and diarrhea in Peruvian children under 5 years old.  Methods: Cross-sectional study using data from the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) from 2015 to 2019. Subjects were children under 5 years old who had their household water tested for residual chlorine levels. Association with respiratory symptoms without fever, respiratory symptoms with fever, and diarrhea were assessed using crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) employing Poisson regression adjusted per complex sampling. Results: 95631 children were included, 51.2% males. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms without fever was 19.4%, respiratory symptoms with fever 14.7%, and diarrhea 11.6%. Households with residual chlorine levels ≥0.5 mg/L were 30.5%; and 54.6% had non-detectable levels. Levels ≥0.5 mg/L were associated with higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms without fever (aPR 1.09; 95%CI 1.03–1.15) and less diarrhea (aPR 0.90; 95%CI 0.84–0.96). Levels 0.1-0.5mg/L were associated with higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms without fever (aPR 1.10; 95%CI 1.04–1.16) and less diarrhea (aPR 0.89; 95%IC95 0.83–0.96). There was no association with respiratory symptoms with fever. Conclusions: Residual chlorine levels ≥0.5 mg/L and between 0.1-0.5 mg/L were associated with higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms without fever, and with less prevalence of diarrhea, but not with respiratory symptoms accompanied by fever. Relationship between household water chlorination and airway irritation in children should be further explored. / Tesis

Introducción: El presente proyecto de intervención en salud se realizó en el asentamiento humano Pacífico Villa parte alta, ubicado en el distrito de Chorrillos, donde la prevalencia y mortalidad por enfermedades respiratorias en niños menores de 5 años es alta y representa un problema en salud. Objetivos: El proyecto tuvo el objetivo de mejorar el conocimiento de la población sobre la prevención de enfermedades respiratorias agudas en niños menores de 5 años. Para lograr esto se incidió en las principales 3 causas encontradas que eran los inadecuados hábitos de higiene en niños y cuidadores involucrados, la baja cobertura de vacunación en los niños menores de 5 años y la malnutrición en los niños que los predispone a padecer todo tipo de enfermedades. Metodología: Se siguió la metodología del marco lógico, se realizó en primer lugar una priorización de problemas y el análisis de involucrados, se esquematizó el árbol de problemas y árbol de objetivos, a continuación, se analizaron las alternativas de solución y se graficó la estructura analítica del proyecto, luego se realizó la matriz del marco lógico y finalmente se plantearon las actividades y tareas resumidas en la matriz de programación. Actividades: Se realizaron 2 actividades principales que consistieron en la realización de afiches y videos para presentar a la comunidad vía online debido a la coyuntura actual de la pandemia por Sars-CoV-2. Resultados: Los resultados del proyecto a corto plazo se midieron por encuestas de conocimiento respondidas por la comunidad, una antes de la intervención y otra después, siendo el logro final la mejora de conocimiento de la comunidad en materia de prevención de enfermedades respiratorias, reconocimiento de sus signos de alarma, importancia de la vacunación, alimentación saludable, métodos de higiene, lactancia materna, entre otros. / Introduction: This health intervention project was carried out in the Pacific Villa upper part human settlement, located in the district of Chorrillos, where the prevalence and mortality from respiratory diseases in children under 5 years of age is high and represents a health problem. Objectives: The project had the objective of improving the population’s knowledge about prevention of acute respiratory diseases in children under 5 years of age. To achieve this, the main 3 causes found were involved, which were inadequate hygiene habits in children and their caregivers, low vaccination coverage in children under 5 years of age and malnutrition in children that predisposes them to suffer all kinds of diseases. Methodology: The logical framework approach was followed, first a prioritization of problems and the analysis of those involved were carried out, the tree of problems and tree of objectives were outlined, then the solution alternatives were analyzed and the analytical structure of the project, then the logical framework matrix was made and finally the activities and tasks summarized in the programming matrix were proposed. Activities: Two main activities were carried out, which consisted of making posters and videos to present to the community online due to the current situation of the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic. Results: The results of the short-term project were measured by knowledge surveys answered by the community, one before the intervention and another after, the final achievement being the improvement of the community's knowledge in the prevention of respiratory diseases, recognition of its warning signs, the importance of vaccination, healthy eating, hygiene methods, breastfeeding, among others. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 joabatistasalomao_dissert.pdf: 485965 bytes, checksum: a1e9ad096dff68d92c37d5033056c5f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-12 / Objective Evaluate, social competence and behavior disorders in children with moderate to severe asthma according to parental perception. Casuistics: Sixty-two patients were studied, 36 male and 26 female, ages ranging from 7 to 16 years (MA: 10.94; SD: 2.28), with clinical diagnosis of moderate to severe asthma, without comorbidity, seen at the Pediatric Pneumology Service and the Allergy and Immunology Service at a University Hospital, from March to September, 2000. A control group was simultaneously studied and included 62 patients, 37 male and 25 female, ages ranging from 7 to 16 years (MA: 10.26; SD: 2.37), seen at the Orthopedics and Ophthalmology Outpatient Wards at the same hospital, without symptoms of asthma, respiratory allergy and no chronic diseases. Material and method An Identification Form, a Clinical Data Form and the CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist), a tool to evaluate social competence and behavior disorders, were used. Results Results were evaluated by the proportional tests, Student s t test and ANADEP and ANADEPMU and a significance level of 0.05 was chosen. Patients were classified according to the clinical manifestations of asthma: 42 had moderate asthma and 20 had severe asthma, most of them (93.55%) had been diagnosed since 3 years of age. There was no significant difference in age and gender between the group with asthma and the control group. There was a marked association between overall social competence and asthma (with p=0.000) and between social competence associated to activities (with p=0.001) and school (with p=0.01). There was no difference between children with asthma and the control group for social markers (with p=0.23). There was no correlation between gender and age when evaluating social competence, or overall social competence specific parameters: activities, school and social activities. The evaluation of social competence and type of asthma did not show a correlation. There was a strong association between the presence of behavior disorders and asthma (p=0.005), specially internalizing disorders (p=0.001). There was no association between the externalizing disorders and the disease. Behavior disorders were not associated to gender, age and type of asthma. Conclusions Children with asthma showed alterations in overall social competence and social competence related to activities and school, when compared to the control group. They also showed overall and internalizing disorders, which may be harmful to their development, their quality of life, compliance with the treatment and adequate management of the disease. The integration of biological, psychological and social factors is essential to establish adequate programs for the treatment of children with asthma and their families. / Objetivo - avaliar competência social e transtornos comportamentais em crianças com asma moderada e grave, a partir de percepção dos pais. Causística: foram estudados 62 pacientes, 36 do sexo masculino e 26 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 7 e 16 anos (im:10,94; dp:2,28), com diagnóstico clínico de asma moderada e grave, sem comorbidade, atendidos nos serviços de pneumologia infantil e alergia e imunologia de um hospital escola, no perído de março e setembro de 2000. Um grupo de controle foi estudado no mesmo período, composto de 62 pacientes, 37 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 7 e 16 anos (im: 10,26; dp: 2,37), atendidos nos ambulatório de ortopedia e oftalmologia do mesmo hospital, sem qualquer sintomatologia de asma, de alergia respiratória e sem qualquer doença crônica. Material e método - foram utilizados na obtenção dos dados uma ficha de identificação, uma ficha de dados clínicos e um instrumento que avalia competência social e transtornos comportamentais - child behavior checklist (cbcl). Resultados - os resultados foram analisados com testes proporção x (ao quadrado), teste t de student, anadep e anadepmu, adotando-se nível de significância de 0,05. Os pacientes foram classificadossegundo manifestações clínicas da asma: 42 com asma moderada e 20 com asma grave, sendo que 93,55% receberam o diagnóstico da doença antes dos 3 anos de idade. Não houve diferença significante em termos de idade e sexo entre os grupos com asma e controle. Houve associação entre competência social e global e asma (p=0,000) e entre competência social associada a atividades (p=0,001) e escola (p=0,01). Não houve diferença entre crianças com asma e o grupo controle em relação ao aspecto social (p=0,23). Não houve relação entre sexo e idade na análise da competência social, nem quanto à competência social global nem quanto aos aspectos específicos: atividades, escola e social. A análise entre competência social e tipo de asma também não mostrou associação. Houve associação entre presença de transtornos comportamentais e asma (p=0,005), principalmente os transtornos internalizantes (p=0,001). Não houve associação dos externalizantes com a doença. Os transtornos comportamentais não se mostraram associados ao sexo, idade da amostra e tipo de asma. Conclusões - as crianças com asma apresentaram alterações na competência social e global e competência social relacionada a atividades e escola, quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Apresentaram ainda transtornos globais e internalizantes, que podem prejudicar o seu desenvolvimento, sua qualidade de vida, a adesão ao tratamento e o manejo adequado da doença. A integração dos aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e sociais é imprescindível para o delineamento de programas adequados de atendimento à criança portadora de asma e a seus familiares.