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Proposta de uma abordagem metodológica para analisar como os fatores posicionais influenciam as prioridades competitivas /Lima, Francisco Paulo de Oliveira. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: José Alcides Gobbo Junior / Banca: José Paulo Alves Fusco / Banca: Fernando Bernardi de Souza / Banca: Mário Sacomano Neto / Resumo: O presente estudo propõe-se a apresentar uma abordagem metodológica para analisar como os fatores posicionais influenciam as prioridades competitivas de uma empresa focal e dois atores que fazem parte da rede de empresas do setor metal-mecânico da região de Bauru - SP. Consubstanciado na teoria das redes, pressupõe-se que o ambiente em que as organizações operam é estruturado por vínculos produtivos, de negócios, de inovação tecnológica, de cooperação e de coordenação estabelecidos entre os atores, inclusive no que se refere aos seus aspectos qualitativos. Dentro do campo da teoria, há uma crescente preocupação em se compreender como a posição estrutural e relacional, entre os atores econômicos de uma determinada rede, possa influenciar o desempenho e o comportamento estratégico de manufatura das organizações. Com o passar dos tempos e a globalização, configura-se uma profunda necessidade de mudanças estrutural e arranjos organizacionais, tais como redes horizontais e verticais entre empresas e a conseqüente criação de novos modelos conceituais, para a gestão e avaliação de desempenho organizacional. A conseqüência de toda essa mudança é o conjunto de oportunidades que surgem para as empresas e fornecedores de insumos, a partir dos fatores posicionais: estrutural e relacional, dos atores de uma rede de empresas do setor metal-mecânico. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo, propor uma abordagem para analisar como os fatores de posicionamentos (estrutural e relacional) influenciaram as prioridades competitivas de uma organização focal. A questão central a que este trabalho remete é saber como os diferentes posicionamentos dos atores influenciam as prioridades competitivas da empresa focal de uma rede de empresas do setor metal-mecânico. A partir de uma abordagem teórica, sugere-se uma exemplo de caso empírico com o intuito de avaliação em caráter... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study is a proposal of approach in order to anlyse how positional factors influence competitive priorities of a focal company in a net of enterprises of metal-mechanic sector in Bauru (SP) region. Embodied in the theory of networks, it is assumed that the environment in which organizations operate is structured by productive relationships, business, technological innovation, cooperation and coordination established between the agents, including with respect to its qualitative aspects. Within the field of theory, there is a growing concern to understand how the structural position and relationship between the economic agents of a given network, can influence the performance and strategic behavior of manufacturing organizations. As time passes and with globalization, there is a deep necessity of structural change and organizational arrangements, such as vertical and horizontal nets between enterprises and the consequent criation of new conceptual models to administration and performance evaluation of the organization. The consequence of all this change is the number of opportunities arising for companies and suppliers of inputs, from the positional factors: structural and relational, the agents of a companies network in the metal-mechanical industry. It is presupposed in this research that the concept of operation strategies has mainly focused tanglible aspects in the context of unit of interprise analysis, without worrying about untangible aspects in the context of analysis of enterprise nets. This work will present approach of position factors analysing (structural and relational) in relation to competitve priorities (quality, trust, flexibility, speed, cost and innovation) of a focal company of metal-mechanic sector and justify the qpplication of this methodology in a net of companies of metal-mechanic sector. From a theorical approach, it is suggested an example of empirical... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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Metab?litos especiais isolados de folhas e galhos de Ouratea ferruginea Engl. (Ochnaceae).Fidelis, Queli Cristina 25 February 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico, CNPq, Brasil. / This work describes the phytochemical study of the stems and leaves of Ouratea
ferruginea Engl., Ochnaceae. The material for study was collected in the campus of Embrapa
in Bel?m, Par? state, and identified by Dra Silvane Taveres Rodrigues. The compounds
described in this phytochemistry investigation were isolated by the solvents partition and
chromatographyc techniques of the extracts obtained by maceration at room temperature with
hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The structures were determined through analysis of data
provided by IR, 1H and 13C NMR (1D an 2D techniques), mass spectrometry including GCMS
and HPLC-MS of natural compounds and some derivatives. From the stem
dichloromethane extract friedelin, friedelinol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, 3-b-O-Dglucopyranosyl-
stigmasterol, 2,6-dimethoxy?benzoquinine, 2,6-dimethoxy-hydroquinone, the
isoflavones: 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3',5'-trimethoxy-isoflavone, 5-hydroxy-7,3',4',5'-tetramethoxyisoflavone,
5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxy-isoflavone, 7,5-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyisoflavone,
7,5,4?-trihydroxy-3?,5?-dimethoxy-isoflavone, and ferulic and syringic aldehyde
were isolated. From the dichloromethane partition of the methanol extract of the stem vanillic
acid, 4 ((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxydihydrocinamaldehyde
were isolated. From hexane fraction of methanol extract from the
leaves lupeone was isolated, and from the dichloromethane methanol partition were identified
the biflavonoids amentoflavone and 7-methyl-amentoflavone, known as sequoiaflavone,
along with syringic acid. From the ethyl acetate of the methanol extracts partition the
epicatechin which absolute configuration was defined by circular dichroism spectral analysis
was isolated. The sequioflanove is been identified in Ochnaceae for the first time. From the
polar fraction the total phenol were determined by adapted Folin-Denis and precipitation with
casein methods and by NMR spectral analysis. / Este trabalho descreve o estudo fitoqu?mico de caule e folhas da esp?cie vegetal
Ouratea ferruginea Engl, Ochnaceae. O material para estudo foi coletado no campus da
Embrapa em Bel?m do Par? e identificado pela Dra Silvane Tavares Rodrigues. As
subst?ncias descritas nesta investiga??o fitoqu?mica foram isoladas atrav?s de parti??o com
solventes e t?cnicas cromatogr?ficos de extratos obtidos atrav?s de macera??o a frio com
hexano, acetato de etila e metanol. As estruturas foram determinadas atrav?s da an?lise de
dados fornecidos por espectrometria na regi?o do infravermelho, RMN 1H e 13C (t?cnicas 1D
e 2D), de massas incluindo CG-EM e CLAE-EM das subst?ncias naturais e de alguns
derivados. Do extrato em diclorometano do caule foram isolados friedelina, friedelinol,
sitosterol, estigmasterol, campesterol, 3-b-O-D-glicopiranosil-estigmasterol, 2,6-dimetoxi
benzoquinona, 2,6-dimetoxi hidroquinona, as isoflavonas 5,4?-diidroxi-7,3?,5?-trimetoxiisoflavona,
5,4?-diidroxi-7,3?-dimetoxi-isoflavona, 5-hidroxi-7,3?,4?,5?-tetrametoxiisoflavona,
7,5-diidroxi-3?,4?,5?-trimetoxi-isoflavona, 7,5,4?-triidroxi-3?,5?-dimetoxiisoflavona,
al?m dos alde?dos sir?ngico e fer?lico. Da parti??o em diclorometano do extrato
metan?lico do caule foram isolados ?cido van?lico, 4((1E)-3-hidroxi-1-propenil)-2-
metoxifenol e 3,5-dimetoxi-4-hidroxi-diidrocinamalde?do. Das folhas foi isolada a lupeona na
parti??o em hexano do extrato metan?lico; e na parti??o em diclorometano foram
identificados os biflavon?ides amentoflavona e 7-metil-amentoflavona, conhecida como
sequoiaflavona, e o ?cido sir?ngico. Na parti??o em acetato de etila foi isolado a epicatequina
cuja configura??o absoluta foi definida com an?lise do espectro de dicro?smo circular. A
sequioflavona est? sendo registrada pela primeira vez em Ochnaceae. Das fra??es polares
foram determinados o teor de fen?is totais e taninos por m?todos de Folin-Denis e
precipita??o com case?na, adaptados, al?m de an?lise com espectros de RMN.
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Potencial de extratos da Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. para desenvolvimento de produtos odontológicos / Potential of extracts from Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl. to development of dental productsSouza, Pedro Henrique Sette de 25 May 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / BACKGROUND: The search for viable alternatives for the treatment of oral infections
is important since resistance to antibiotics has become a big problem in medical science.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of extracts from bark’s Schinopsis brasiliensis
Engl. to development of dental products. METHODS: The ethanol and hydroalcoholic
extracts were produced by maceration and ultrasound. The liquid-liquid partition was
performed with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The phytochemical screening was
performed using the sample solution with standard reagents for quantification of
secondary metabolites. The identification and quantification of chemical marker was
performed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Microparticles were
produced in by spray dryer. The encapsulation efficiency was measured by absorbance
difference of encapsulated extract content and the content found on the surface of the
microparticles. Thermal degradation was observed by thermogravimetry (TG) and
differential thermal analysis (DTA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The cytotoxic potential
was analyzed based on the potential Hemolyzing and the selectivity index (SI) of the
samples. In addition, the antibacterial activity was evaluated based on minimum
inhibitory concentration (MIC) against ATCC standard strains of Streptococcus mutans,
Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus
aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as a clinical isolate of E. faecalis and testing
by bioautography. The sample with better outcome in these tests was subjected to
characterization by Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (G/MS) as well as the
process of separation by column chromatography. RESULTS: Gallic acid was
identified as a major compound in the samples analyzed. All samples were able to
inhibit the growth of the microorganisms, with the exception of E. faecalis clinical
isolate, in a concentration of ≤ 1.0 mg/mL and showed no cytotoxicity up to 22 SI. The
ethanol extract absorbs less heat than their fractions. All samples exhibit exothermic
peak compatible with the degradation of gallic acid. The fraction that showed the best
antimicrobial activity was the hexane fraction (MIC = 0.125 mg / mL), subsequently
used to perform the chromatography column and bioautography, resulting in 12 new
subfractions. The fraction G showed a MIC lower than hexane fraction against E.
faecalis, 0.063 mg/mL. GC/MS revealed the presence of β-sitosterol in the hexane
fraction. The microparticle produced with a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min showed the highest
encapsulation efficiency (88%) and better MIC (0.250 mg/mL and 0.500 mg/mL) to
both E. faecalis, even with the lowest concentration of phytocompounds. Only the
hydroalcoholic extract used for making the microparticles showed flavonoids (10.16
mg). The microparticle 4 absorbs more heat than all other samples, degrading more than
the others. CONCLUSION: All tested samples from S. brasiliensis Engl. showed
potential to be used as a basis for the development of dental products for combating oral
infections. / INTRODUÇÃO: A busca de alternativas viáveis para o tratamento das infecções
bucais é de suma importância, uma vez que a resistência aos antibióticos se tornou um
grande problema para a ciência médica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o potencial de extratos da
casca da S. brasiliensis Engl. para desenvolvimento de produtos odontológicos.
MÉTODOS: Os extratos etanólico e hidroalcóolico foram produzidos por maceração e
ultrassom. A partição líquido-líquido foi realizada com hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de
etila. A triagem fitoquímica foi feita através da solução de amostras com reagentes
padrões para quantificação de metabólitos secundários. A identificação e quantificação
do marcador químico foi realizado através da Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência
(HPLC). As micropartículas foram produzidas em um aparelho de spray dryer. A
eficiência de encapsulação foi aferida através da diferença de leitura em
espectrofotômetro do teor do extrato encapsulado e do teor encontrado na superfície das
micropartículas. A degradação térmica foi observada por termogravimetria (TG) e
analise térmica diferencial (DTA), em uma atmosfera de nitrogênio. Já o potencial
citotóxico foi analisado com base no potencial hemolisante e do índice de seletividade
(IS) das amostras. Além disso, a ação antibacteriana foi avaliada com base na
concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) frente a cepas padrões ATCC de Streptococcus
mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius,
Staphylococcus aureus e Enterococcus faecalis, bem como um isolado clínico de E.
faecalis e do ensaio por bioautografia. A amostra com melhor resultado nesses ensaios
foi submetida a caracterização por Cromatografia Gasosa/Espectrometria de Massa
(GC/MS) bem como ao processo de separação por Cromatografia em Coluna.
RESULTADOS: O ácido gálico foi identificado como composto majoritário nas
amostras analisadas. Todas as amostras foram capazes de inibir o crescimento dos
microrganismos testados, com exceção do isolado clínico de E. faecalis, em uma
concentração ≤ 1,0 mg/mL e não apresentaram citotoxicidade com IS superior a 22. O
extrato etanólico absorve menos calor do que as suas frações. Todas as amostras
apresentam pico exotérmico compatível com a degradação do ácido gálico. A fração
que apresentou melhor atividade antimicrobiana foi a fração hexano (CIM = 0,125
mg/mL), posteriormente utilizada para realização da Cromatografia em Coluna e
bioautografia, resultando em 12 novas subfrações. A fração G apresentou CIM inferior à
da fração hexano frente aos E. faecalis, 0,063 mg/mL. A GC/MS revelou a presença βSitosterol
na fração hexano. A micropartícula produzida com vazão de 0.4 mL/min
apresentou a maior eficiência de encapsulação (88%) e melhor CIM (0,250 mg/mL e
0,500 mg/mL) frente aos E. faecalis, mesmo apresentando a menor concentração de
fitocompostos. Apenas o extrato hidroalcóolico utilizado para confecção das
micropartículas apresentou flavonoides (10,16 mg). A micropartícula 4 absorve mais
calor do que todas as outras amostras, se degradando mais que as demais.
CONCLUSÃO: Todas as amostras testadas provenientes de S. brasiliensis Engl.
apresentam potencial para serem utilizados como base para o desenvolvimento de
produtos odontológicos para combater as infecções bucais.
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Conservation des fruits du karité (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn.) et de l'aiélé (Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.) : isothermes de sorption d'eau et extraction des matières grasses des fruits stockés / Preservation of shea fruits (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn.) and canarium fruits (Canarium schweinfurthii Engl.) : water vapor isotherms and fatty material extraction from fruits storedNkouam, Gilles Bernard 27 September 2007 (has links)
La méthode microgravimétrique statique a permis d’observer que la pulpe de l’aiélé est plus hygroscopique que l’amande de karité à 25°C. A l’inverse, on fait l’observation contraire entre 35 et 55°C. Le modèle d’Oswin décrit le mieux les données de sorption des deux produits sur toute la gamme d’activité de l’eau. Les isothermes de l’amande de karité et de la pulpe de l’aiélé présentent le phénomène d’hystérésis entre 25 et 55°C. La conservation de ces oléagineux doit s’effectuer dans une atmosphère d’humidité relative comprise entre 40 et 60% afin d’obtenir des teneurs en eau recommandées. Un modèle adapté de prédiction des isothermes de sorption de ces oléagineux en deçà de 25°C et au delà de 55°C a été obtenu. L’extraction de la matière grasse au CO2 supercritique donne des rendements inférieurs à ceux obtenus de l’extraction à l’hexane. L’indice d’acide des matières grasses extraites au CO2 est supérieur à celui des lipides extraits à l’hexane. Ces indices, pour les lipides extraits des produits stockés à 18°C, sont les plus élevés. Quelque soient le mode de stockage et le solvant d’extraction, l’indice d’iode baisse avec le stockage. Le CO2 présente une sélectivité vis-à-vis de l’acide linolénique. Les lipides extraits au CO2 présentent les taux d’acides gras libres les plus élevés. Il ressort des résultats que le stockage -33°C est le meilleur. Toutefois, il ne doit pas dépasser 5 mois. L’extraction des lipides au CO2 supercritique doit utiliser les fruits frais ou stockés à -33°C. Les produits stockés à 18°C sont les plus durs et la dureté est corrélée négativement à la teneur en eau, mais positivement à l’indice d’acide des matières grasses extraites / The static microgravimetric method permitted to observe that the Canarium pulp was more hygroscopic at 25°C than the sheanut kernels. On the other hand, sheanut kernel was more hygrocopic in the temperature range 35°C-55°C. The Oswin model best described the sorption data of the two products in the whole water activity range. Hysteresis was observed in the entire temperature range 25-55°C for sheanut kernel and Canarium pulp. It is suggested that these products should be stored in an environment with a relative humidity of 40-60%, in order to attain the recommended moisture content for storage. A model was adapted to predict the sorption isotherms of shea and Canarium below 25°C and above 55°C. The oil yields obtained with supercritical CO2 were lower than those obtained with hexane. The acid values of butter and oil extracted with carbon dioxide were greater than those of lipids extracted using hexane. The acid values of samples stored at 18°C were the largest. The iodine value of the oils decreased with an increase of the storage period, irrespective of the storage temperature and the solvent used for extraction. The extraction with CO2 did not extract linolenic acid. The proportion of free fatty acids increased when carbon dioxide was used for extraction. From the foregoing, it is suggested that storage at -33°C for up to 5 months presents the best means of preserving these products. Only fresh or fruits stored at -33°C should be used for the extraction of lipids using carbon dioxide. The products stored at 18°C were the most hard and the hardness was correlated negatively to the water content, but positively to the acid value of fatty material extracted
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Schloss Söder 1742-1796. Baugeschichtliche Studien zu einem repräsentativen Landsitz der Familie von Brabeck im Fürstbistum HildesheimAnders, Stefanie 17 February 2012 (has links)
Vorliegende Arbeit thematisiert die Gestaltung von Schloss Söder als Familiensitz derer v. Brabeck als Ergebnis des Zusammenspiels von konsequenten politischen Ambitionen in der konfliktreichen Zeit der Konfessionalisierung, der individuellen Verarbeitung zeitgenössischer Kunst und Architektur und einer auf der Größe der Anlage fußenden Repräsentation sowie des außerordentlichen Engagements des aufgeklärten humanistischen Bauherrn Friedr. Moritz v. Brabeck, der es schon früh als eigene Verpflichtung und Aufgabe verstand, zum Wohl einer besseren Gesellschaft Bildung und Kultur zu vermitteln.
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