Submitted by Wendell Amoedo (wendell.amoedo@hotmail.com) on 2018-11-26T14:35:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação.kerollen.runa.pinto2017.pdf: 1354749 bytes, checksum: 47321c0e5d660481ffc33d9d3204b2f0 (MD5) / Submitted by Wendell Amoedo (wendell.amoedo@hotmail.com) on 2018-11-28T13:01:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertação.kerollen.runa.pinto2017.pdf: 1354749 bytes, checksum: 47321c0e5d660481ffc33d9d3204b2f0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-11-28T13:20:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertação.kerollen.runa.pinto2017.pdf: 1354749 bytes, checksum: 47321c0e5d660481ffc33d9d3204b2f0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-28T13:20:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dissertação.kerollen.runa.pinto2017.pdf: 1354749 bytes, checksum: 47321c0e5d660481ffc33d9d3204b2f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-27 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Enterokinase (EC 3.4.21.9) is a heterodimer serine protease, a natural activator of trypsinogen, capable of cleaving specifically the sequence Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys. Due to the high specificity of the recognition site, it became a great tool of biotechnological interest. It is usually used to remove affinity tags in vitro, of recombinant proteins. In this work, the molecular cloning strategy resulted in the construction of the pDMK06, capable of programming the regulated expression of a heterologous gene ETK-Trx in E. coli. Through the cleavage process with restriction enzymes NdeI and BamHI, it was possible to obtain the coding sequence of the fusion protein between enterokinase and thioredoxin (ETK-Trx) of approximately 1259 bp from pENTK plasmid. Then, this sequence was subcloned at NdeI and BamHI sites of the expression vector pDM02, originating the recombinant plasmid pDMK06. This vector contains the TH2 promoter, which is efficiently regulated by Lac operator/repressor. E. coli JM110 cells transformed with the recombinant plasmid showed smaller growth in a solid medium when the expression of the heterologous protein was induced by IPTG in comparison with the control; however, this effect was not detected in the liquid medium. Furthermore, the E. coli cells morphology was analyzed through optical microscopy containing the recombinant plasmid pDMK06, when it was observed, all through the growth time, modifications on cell morphology, characterized by the formation of filaments in those induced with IPTG, in comparison with the control. For expression analysis of the recombinant protein ETKTrx, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis SDS-PAGE was performed with the samples that grew with IPTG induction for eight hours. The results showed that the protein ETK-Trx is about 47 kDa with a high level of expression at the insoluble fraction, probably as an inclusion corpuscle. The high levels of expression of ETK-Trx protein occurred in a perfectly regulated way, showing the functionality of the pDM02 plasmid expression/regulation system. / A enteroquinase (EC 3.4.21.9) é uma serino protease heterodimérica, ativadora natural do tripsinogênio, capaz de clivar especificamente a sequência Asp-Asp-Asp- Asp-Lys. Devido à alta especificidade do sítio de reconhecimento tornou-se uma ferramenta de grande interesse biotecnológico. É comumente utilizada para a remoção in vitro de marcas de afinidade, como etiquetas de fusão (tags) de proteínas recombinantes. No presente trabalho, a estratégia de clonagem molecular resultou na construção do plasmídeo pDMK06, que é capaz de programar a expressão heteróloga regulada do gene ETK-Trx em E.coli. Por meio do processo de clivagem com as enzimas de restrição NdeI e BamHI foi possível obter a sequência codificadora da proteína de fusão entre enteroquinase e tiorredoxina (ETK-Trx) de aproximadamente 1259 pb partir do plasmídeo pENTK, a seguir essa sequência foi subclonada nos sítios de NdeI e BamHI do vetor de expressão pDM02, originando o plasmídeo recombinante pDMK06. Esse vetor contém o promotor TH2 que é regulado eficientemente pelo sistema operador/repressor Lac. Células de E.coliJM110 transformadas com o plasmídeo recombinante mostram menor crescimento em meio sólido quando a expressão da proteína heteróloga era induzida por IPTG em relação ao controle, porém esse efeito não foi detectado em meio líquido. Além disto foi analisado por microscopia ótica a morfologia das células de E.colicom o plasmídeo recombinante pDMK06, onde observou-se no decorrer do tempo de crescimento e indução, alterações na morfologia celular caracterizada de filamentação das células induzidas com IPTG quando comparadas com o controle. Para análise da expressão da proteína recombinante ETK-Trx utilizou-se a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida SDS-PAGE das amostras referentes a 8 horas de crescimento e indução com IPTG. Os resultados obtidos apresentaram a proteína ETK-Trx com tamanho aproximado de 47kDa com alto nível de expressão na fração insolúvel, provavelmente em forma de corpúsculo de inclusão. A expressão em altos níveis das proteínas ETK-Trx ocorreu de forma perfeitamente regulada mostrando a funcionalidade do sistema de expressão/regulação do plasmídeo pDM02.

The serine protease enteropeptidase exhibits a high level of substrate specificity for the cleavage sequence DDDDK∼ X, making this enzyme a useful tool for the separation of recombinant protein fusion domains. In an effort to improve the utility of enteropeptidase for processing fusion proteins and to better understand its structure and function, two substitution variants of human enteropeptidase, designated R96Q and Y174R, were created and produced as active (>92%) enzymes secreted by Pichia pastoris with yields in excess of 1.7 mg/Liter. The Y174R variant showed improved specificities for substrates containing the sequences DDDDK (kcat/KM=6.83 × 106 M-1 sec-1) and DDDDR (kcat/ KM=1.89 × 107 M-1 sec-1) relative to all other enteropeptidase variants reported to date. BPTI inhibition of Y174R was significantly decreased. Kinetic data demonstrate the important contribution of the positively charged residue 96 to extended substrate specificity in human enteropeptidase. Modeling shows the importance of the charge-charge interactions in the extended substrate binding pocket.

The serine protease enteropeptidase exhibits a high level of substrate specificity for the cleavage sequence DDDDK∼ X, making this enzyme a useful tool for the separation of recombinant protein fusion domains. In an effort to improve the utility of enteropeptidase for processing fusion proteins and to better understand its structure and function, two substitution variants of human enteropeptidase, designated R96Q and Y174R, were created and produced as active (>92%) enzymes secreted by Pichia pastoris with yields in excess of 1.7 mg/Liter. The Y174R variant showed improved specificities for substrates containing the sequences DDDDK (kcat/KM=6.83 × 106 M-1 sec-1) and DDDDR (kcat/ KM=1.89 × 107 M-1 sec-1) relative to all other enteropeptidase variants reported to date. BPTI inhibition of Y174R was significantly decreased. Kinetic data demonstrate the important contribution of the positively charged residue 96 to extended substrate specificity in human enteropeptidase. Modeling shows the importance of the charge-charge interactions in the extended substrate binding pocket.

No description available.

In this thesis, emphasis has been placed on development of new approaches for high-throughput analysis of protein:DNA interactions in vitro and in vivo. In vitro strategies for detection of protein:DNA interaction require isolation of active and soluble protein. However, current methodologies for purification of proteins often fail to provide high yield of pure and tag-free protein mainly because enzymatic cleavage reactions for tag removal do not exhibit stringent sequence specificity. Solving this problem is an important step towards high-throughput in vitro analysis of protein:DNA interactions. As a result, parts of this thesis are devoted to developing new approaches to enhance the specificity of a proteolysis reaction. The first approach was through manipulation of experimental conditions to maximize the yield of the desired protein products from enterokinase proteolysis reactions of two His-tagged proteins. Because it was suspected that accessibility of the EK site was impeded, that is, a structural problem due to multimerization of proteins, focus was based on use of denaturants as a way to open the structure, thereby essentially increasing the stoichiometry of the canonical recognition site over noncanonical, adventitious sites. Promoting accessibility of the canonical EK target site can increase proteolytic specificity and cleavage yield, and general strategies promoting a more open structure should be useful for preparation of proteins requiring endoprotease treatment. One such strategy for efficient EK proteolysis is proposed: by heterodimerizing with a separate leucine zipper, the bZIP basic region and amino-terminus can become more open and potentially more accessible to enterokinase. In vivo strategies have the advantage over their in vitro counterparts of providing a native-like environment for assessing protein:DNA interactions, yet the most frequently used techniques often suffer from high false-positive and false-negative rates. In this thesis, a new bioprobe system for high-throughput detection of protein:DNA interactions in vivo is presented. This system offers higher levels of accuracy and sensitivity as well as accessibility and ease of manipulation in comparison with existing technologies.

In this thesis, emphasis has been placed on development of new approaches for high-throughput analysis of protein:DNA interactions in vitro and in vivo. In vitro strategies for detection of protein:DNA interaction require isolation of active and soluble protein. However, current methodologies for purification of proteins often fail to provide high yield of pure and tag-free protein mainly because enzymatic cleavage reactions for tag removal do not exhibit stringent sequence specificity. Solving this problem is an important step towards high-throughput in vitro analysis of protein:DNA interactions. As a result, parts of this thesis are devoted to developing new approaches to enhance the specificity of a proteolysis reaction. The first approach was through manipulation of experimental conditions to maximize the yield of the desired protein products from enterokinase proteolysis reactions of two His-tagged proteins. Because it was suspected that accessibility of the EK site was impeded, that is, a structural problem due to multimerization of proteins, focus was based on use of denaturants as a way to open the structure, thereby essentially increasing the stoichiometry of the canonical recognition site over noncanonical, adventitious sites. Promoting accessibility of the canonical EK target site can increase proteolytic specificity and cleavage yield, and general strategies promoting a more open structure should be useful for preparation of proteins requiring endoprotease treatment. One such strategy for efficient EK proteolysis is proposed: by heterodimerizing with a separate leucine zipper, the bZIP basic region and amino-terminus can become more open and potentially more accessible to enterokinase. In vivo strategies have the advantage over their in vitro counterparts of providing a native-like environment for assessing protein:DNA interactions, yet the most frequently used techniques often suffer from high false-positive and false-negative rates. In this thesis, a new bioprobe system for high-throughput detection of protein:DNA interactions in vivo is presented. This system offers higher levels of accuracy and sensitivity as well as accessibility and ease of manipulation in comparison with existing technologies.