Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-03-25T18:39:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lagemann, Gerson Volney.pdf: 3122863 bytes, checksum: a7480d949ece8acabb8fd3550bb96c04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2015-04-06T18:13:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Lagemann, Gerson Volney.pdf: 3122863 bytes, checksum: a7480d949ece8acabb8fd3550bb96c04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-06T18:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lagemann, Gerson Volney.pdf: 3122863 bytes, checksum: a7480d949ece8acabb8fd3550bb96c04 (MD5) / O empreendedorismo tem sido amplamente incentivado no mundo e não é diferente no Brasil. Os universitários cada vez mais são informados sobre as possibilidades de abrir seu próprio negócio. São lançados em projetos, em grande número dos casos de base tecnológica, que envolvem inovação e incubação. Às incubadoras cabe aumentar a possibilidade de que após as empresas cumprirem seu estágio na incubação, tenham condições de competir e de se manter no mercado. Faz parte do perfil do empreendedor características tanto técnicas de como projetar e produzir o produto ou serviço, quanto comportamentais como, por exemplo, de líder e de agente formador de redes de relacionamento. Há pesquisas que associam continuidade e mortalidade de empresas a fatores de relacionamento. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas. A primeira, objetiva verificar nos processos de seleção e incubação, sob o ponto de vista do gestor de empresa incubada, a importância atribuída pela incubadora (real) e pelo próprio gestor (ideal) a um conjunto de critérios de seleção e práticas de gestão. É um estudo descritivo, de natureza quantitativa, realizado por meio de um survey eletrônico. A pesquisa nesta etapa envolveu treze incubadoras nos estados de SC, PR e RS, e setenta e duas empresas incubadas. Os resultados desta etapa demonstram que os gestores das empresas incubadas elencam como mais importantes critérios e práticas técnicas. A segunda etapa, parte de um estudo longitudinal multicaso. Foram selecionadas cinco empresas incubadas, em diferentes estágios de incubação, na Softville. Em três momentos, num intervalo de doze meses, foram aplicados questionários sociométricos aos integrantes das empresas, cujo objetivo era a elaboração e acompanhamento dos indicadores (tamanho, coesão, densidade e diversificação) de quatro redes: confiança, informação I (técnica), informação II (gestão) e informação III (outras empresas). Paralelamente, em cada momento de aplicação dos questionários sociométricos, foram também coletados os dados de desenvolvimento da empresa (tamanho da equipe, número de clientes e faturamento). A terceira etapa do estudo comparou os indicadores das redes com os indicadores de desempenho, buscando verificar a evolução dos indicadores de desempenho vis a vis os indicadores de rede. Os resultados da terceira etapa sugerem que as empresas incubadas na Softville com redes mais coesas e diversificadas apresentam melhores desempenhos. De forma geral, a pesquisa sugere que critérios de seleção de projetos para incubação e práticas de suporte às empresas incubadas devem privilegiar a formação de redes de relação, visto que essa prática contribui positivamente para o melhor desempenho das empresas. The entrepreneurship has been widely promoted in the world and is no different in Brazil. The university are increasingly informed about the possibilities of opening your own business. They are launched into projects, in most cases technology-based, involving innovation and incubation. To the Incubators apply to ensure that after the companies fulfill their internship fase, it are able to compete and stay on the market. It is part of the profile of the entrepreneur both technical and behavioral characteristics, eg, leadership trainer and agent networks facilitator. It is urgent that entrepreneurs and incubators give special attention to the formation of networks, since there is research linking business continuity and mortality to relationships factors. This study consists of three steps. The first step, aims to verify in the processes of selection and incubation, under the viewpoint of the manager incubated company, the importance attached by the incubator (real) and by the manager (ideally) a set of criteria and practices listed by the researcher. It is a descriptive study, quantitative, conducted through a email survey. The research involved in this step thirteen incubators in the states of SC, PR, RS, and seventy-two incubated companies. The results of this step show that when the managers of the incubated company think of the importance that the incubators and themselfes attributed to the selection criteria and to the practices of incubation, both list that the most important selection criteria and incubation practices are technical. The second step, is a longitudinal multicase study. Five incubated companies was selected at different stages of incubation in Softville. On three different moments, at an interval of twelve months, sociometric questionnaires were administered to the members of companies, whose goal was the development and monitoring of indicators (size, cohesion, density and diversity) of four networks: trust, information I (technical), information II (management) and information III (other companies). In addition, at each moment of sociometric questionnaires application, were also collected data about the company development (team size, number of customers and revenue). The third step of the study compared the networks indicators with the performance indicators, seeking to associate better performance with better network indicators. The results of the third step suggest that the Softville incubated companies with more cohesive and diverse networks have better performance. Overall the research suggests that criteria for selecting projects for incubation and practical support to incubated companies should focus on network formation, since this practice contributes positively to the improved performance of companies.

nÃo hà / Essa investigaÃÃo teve como propÃsito identificar e analisar as causas de sucesso e insucesso das micro e pequenas empresas, atravÃs de pesquisa de campo realizada na cidade de Floriano, estado do PiauÃ. No Brasil a importÃncia social e econÃmica das micro e pequenas empresas à confirmada pelos Ãndices estatÃsticos: o grande percentual de mÃo-de-obra ocupada e empresas registradas. Os Ãndices tambÃm revelam que a maioria dos novos empreendimentos nÃo completa os primeiros dois anos de atividade. Com o apoio da bibliografia especifica e da pesquisa de campo, foi feita anÃlise estatÃstica atravÃs dos modelos economÃtricos (Probabilidade Linear, LOGIT e PROBIT). Dessa forma, a pesquisa identificou que o acesso ao crÃdito influencia significativamente na chance de sucesso ou insucesso das empresas de micro e pequena dimensÃo. / This investigation goal is to identify and analyze the causes of success and failure of small firms, headquartered in the city of Floriano, state of PiauÃ. In Brazil, social and economic relevance of small firms is confirmed by the statistical indices: the great percentage of employed workers occupies and registered companies. The indices also disclose that the majority of the new enterprises fail to complete two years of existence. From a survey conducted in Floriano, econometric models (Linear probability, LOGIT and PROBIT) were employed to analyze the data. In this way, the research identified that access to credit is the main determinant small firmsâ success.

The objective of this research is to explore the extent to which current models of decision-making and entrepreneurial cognition are relevant to a sample of true novice entrepreneurs, those who are in the process of founding their first business venture. Novice entrepreneurs are recognised as being essential to sustaining the entrepreneurial churn in economies (Disney, Haskel & Heden, 2003) especially as the young firm population requires new entrants. The need arises because of the high rates of churning observed in populations of young firms that require a constant inflow of new ventures to renew the stock of businesses (Ganguly, 1985). Whilst some studies of the behaviour of entrepreneurs do focus on relatively young firms (e.g. Chandler, DeTienne, McKelvie, & Mumford, 2011) studies of true novice entrepreneurs are rare. The thesis seeks to address this gap in the literature. A sample of true novice entrepreneurs, that founded businesses in 2013 and 2014, is interviewed to explore their decision-making and cognition regarding a realistic new business case study. The approach replicates that used by other authors who have studied expert entrepreneurs (Sarasvathy, 2001; Sarasvathy, 2008; Chandler et al., 2011; Dew, Read, Sarasvathy & Wiltbank, 2009) using a think-aloud protocol to identify causation and effectuation styles. However, by using a mixed methods approach of concurrent and retrospective think-aloud aspects it was possible to identify novice decision-making and to capture the prior experiences that they referred to (Banks, Stanton & Harvey, 2014). The sample of 32 true novices was a randomised sub-set of 1128 business founders in the UK. The experimental protocol enabled a comparison with alternative expertise theories of feedback and linear thinking in decision-making (Winch & Maytorena, 2009). The key findings were contrary to the hypotheses; the true novices were both more effectual and more casual than expected; and furthermore were frequently using feedback loops in their decision-making. In addition, as the novice entrepreneurs reflected upon their experiences that informed their decisions, the literature predicts that novice entrepreneurs would have to adopt analytical approaches to decision making as they lack salient experiences to inform their decisions in the early years of trading. However, contrary to expectations, the novices used both analogical and heuristic sense-making approaches and were adept at switching between them (Jones & Casulli, 2014). The outcome of the experimental protocol offers insights into the extent to which the current literature captures the decision-making processes and entrepreneurial cognition of true novice entrepreneurs. The evidence is mixed, offering the opportunity for further refinement of existing theoretical constructs, and reinforcing the relevance of alternative theories of cognition and decision making for novice entrepreneurs, for government policies and the support networks and that provide resources to assist the creation and survival of new entrepreneurial ventures. In addition, for novice entrepreneurs, this research examined the relevance and influence of their prior experiences and emotions on their entrepreneurial decision-making. In founding their first business, the prediction for novices is that they would struggle to draw on appropriate experiences (Mathias, Williams & Smith, 2015). However, the results showed novices referencing a wide variety of experiences, with the majority of these based on personal events that they had directly experienced either in their current start-up or previous work activity. Emotions are believed to influence entrepreneurs’ abilities to cope with uncertainty in business decision making and to persist in their endeavours in the face of adverse experiences and entrepreneurs are predicted to be over optimistic (Koellinger, Minniti & Schade, 2007; Ucbasaran, Westhead, Wright & Flores, 2010). The research profiled the novices’ emotions using the internationally externally validated PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect) scale (Watson, Clark & Tellegan, 1988) and the findings showed the novices engaged consistently with their underlying trait emotions however, interestingly, they were not statistically more optimistic than the UK population (Thompson, 2007). The findings make a contribution to both the theoretical explanations and practical aspects of novice entrepreneurship and show the appropriateness of relating current research to widely used measures from other fields of study, particularly as the impact of emotions is currently influencing the future of entrepreneurship research (Cardon, Foo, Shepherd & Wiklund, 2012; Shepherd, 2015).

This thesis deals with the balance between entrepreneurship and personal life. Its goal is to identify factors impacting this balance. Theoretical part tackles the concepts of entrepreneurship, entrepreneur and balance between entrepreneurship and personal life. Methodological part describes research methods, selection of factors, definition of hypotheses, particular components of questionnaire, factors' measurement and data evaluation. Practical part consists of measuring the balance and analyzing the connection between the factors and the balance. Based on a sample of 37 entrepreneurs in service sector, the research results lead to the conclusion that the balance is influenced by self-efficacy, time management and personal relationship.

Throughout the world, entrepreneurship is viewed as a solution for struggling economies and a major engine of economic growth. As a result, the field of entrepreneurship research has captured the interest of scholars, educators and policy makers. A substantial amount of empirical studies over the last two decades has examined the role of personality in determining entrepreneurial outcomes. Concurrently, organisational legitimacy is perceived as a necessary organisational attribute for the survival and growth of new ventures. Strategic legitimacy of nascent organisations is important in explaining organizational emergence. The current study seeks to determine if there is a relationship between an entrepreneur’s personality and the strategic legitimisation activities they employ in creating a new venture. A multiple regression model tested four factors of entrepreneurs’ personality as antecedents of strategic legitimisation activities among entrepreneurs in South Africa. The empirical findings suggest that positive extraversion traits are strong predictors of entrepreneurial activities to gain strategic legitimacy for new ventures. More interestingly, negative agreeableness traits were found to be strong antecedents of strategic legitimisation activities. Such a conclusion is important in that it provides new grounds of theoretical nature to better understand the personorganisation interplay. Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Purpose: This research was designed to contribute to a greater understanding of the characteristics of female entrepreneurs in South Africa by interrogating whether certain elements of their Social and Human Capital impact on their business performance, measured in terms of turnover and business size in terms of employee numbers. Methodology: This was an exploratory study that used quantitative data collection and analysis techniques. The unit of analysis was women business owners in South Africa that fit the criteria of owning and running businesses. The web application Survey Monkey survey tool was used from which the entrepreneurs could access the online questionnaire. The impact of elements of Human Capital and Social Capital on business performance was studied by looking for associations with a number of independent variables including education, social networking, age of business, and age and experience of the entrepreneur. Outcome: Pearson Chi-square test, and generelised linear(GLM) models revealed that Human Capital, does influence the business performance, although only on specific elements of business performance. Social Capital also influences the business performance, although only on specific Copyright / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

La loi n° 2010-658 du 15 juin 2010 relative à l'entrepreneur individuel à responsabilité limitée (EIRL) est venue sonner le glas du paradigme de l‘unité patrimoniale, en conférant à tout entrepreneur individuel la possibilité d'affecter à son activité professionnelle un patrimoine séparé de son patrimoine personnel, sans création d‘une personne morale. Or, le problème est que l‘EIRL a été construit, sous certains aspects, sans considération pour le droit civil, alors qu‘il faudra pourtant qu‘il s‘insère et se réalise dans celui-ci. Le dessein de la thèse est donc de trouver la place que le patrimoine affecté de l‘EIRL occupe dans le droit civil afin de formuler des solutions de nature à l‘articuler avec le droit civil. Dans un premier temps, si l‘on observe l‘objet juridique que constitue le patrimoine affecté, celui-ci se révèle être atteint d‘une dualité. En effet, il s‘apparente à la fois à un contenant et à un contenu inclus dans un ensemble plus vaste et est, dès lors, susceptible de recevoir deux qualifications, celle d‘universalité de droit et celle de bien. Il s‘en suit, dans un second temps, que le patrimoine affecté peut être gouverné par un régime également caractérisé par une dualité. L‘articulation de l‘universalité de droit avec le droit civil suppose en effet de régir les relations qui pourraient naître entre les patrimoines de l‘EIRL et qui pourraient être de nature à entraver la séparation patrimoniale. Quant à la réalisation du bien dans le droit civil, elle implique de compléter les règles liées à la propriété du patrimoine affecté et de proposer des solutions relatives à sa gestion, que la propriété ou la gestion du patrimoine affecté soit individuelle ou plurale. / The law n°2010-658 relating to the Limited Liability Sole Proprietorship (EIRL) came to sound the knell of the paradigm of proprietary unity, thus giving any sole proprietor the possibility to allot one or several assets to their occupation separately from their personal assets, without having to refer to a legal entity. Now, the problem is the EIRL was made, in some respects, without considering the Civil Law, and yet, it shall have to fit and be fulfilled into the Civil Law. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to find the importance of the EIRL allotted assets in the Civil Law, in order to find solutions likely to articulate it with the Civil Law. First of all, the allotted assets prove to be, thanks to further studies on the legislation relating to the EIRL, a dualist object. Effectively, it is like a container and makes it the content of a wider set. Then, the allotted assets are liable to be granted both the status of legal universality and the status of property. It follows that, subsequently, the EIRL allotted assets can be governed by a dualist system. On the one hand, the articulation of the legal universality with the Civil Laws implies governing the relationships that might arise between the EIRL assets that might hinder the separation of assets. On the other hand, the fulfillment of this property in the Civil Law implies completing the rules linked to owning the allotted assets and offering solutions as to manage them, whether the allotted assets be owned or managed individually or jointly.

The impetus for this study was my own curiosity about how seasoned entrepreneurial women were able to stay the course. As someone who has experienced the world of the employee and that of the entrepreneur, my goal was to better understand how, within their varied personal contexts, the lifelong learning experiences of seasoned entrepreneurial women were shaped by socio-cultural influences, significant individuals, gender, and learning challenges. Theories and research on lifelong and biographical learning, entrepreneurial learning, women's learning, and entrepreneurial women's learning helped to frame the study. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews and focus groups with eight women entrepreneurs between the ages of 40 and 60, with 16 to 30 years' experience in running their service-oriented enterprise were conducted. These women's stories illustrate how serendipitous their careers were, that is, they did not begin their working lives thinking they would become entrepreneurs, rather, it became the path that best supported their desires, independence and creativity. They were shaped by and sometimes resisted parents' messages about the role that education, work and marriage with children should play in women's lives. How they faced and learned from adversity and from the support of business mentors and friends were also significant. As they reflected back on their lives, they have a strong sense of mastery. Success for them did not focus on finances, rather, their autonomy, freedom, and control over the direction of their lives and the development of strong caring relationships with others, were key. Their learning was dynamic and experiential, it was both self directed and drew on others' knowledge. Women contemplating an entrepreneurial path may find this study of interest as they can learn how others, particularly family, shape their dreams, how they might meet challenges and learn from adversity, and overall, how central lifelong learning is to the development of their entrepreneurial careers. Educators and policymakers need to appreciate the serendipitous nature of entrepreneurship, how they can create entrepreneurial experiences for students, and expose the learners to not only essential skills required to run a business, but also to the stories regarding the self-development of successful entrepreneurs / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Women’s entrepreneurship has garnered substantial research interest over the years. The majority of the previous research investigates nascent entrepreneurship rate, while fewer studies investigate entrepreneurial intentions. This study focuses on the relationship between women's entrepreneurial intentions and institutional and personal variables. This study uses data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Social Institutions and Gender Index databases and covers 43 countries. Both factor analysis and linear regression methodologies are employed. The results show that if women possess higher levels of entrepreneurial skills, have lower levels of fear of failure, and greater social networks, they are more likely to have entrepreneurial intentions. However, the more women have access to land, bank loans, and property other than land, the less likely they desire to become entrepreneurs. Also, social services for women's careers and fair entrepreneurial opportunities for women do not have significant impacts on women's entrepreneurial intentions. The theoretical and empirical implications of the results are discussed.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to build a business plan to establish a restaurant and verify the reality of this project. The work is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is aimed at a general practice, how to create a business plan. Filling the second part is itself a business plan restaurant bar fit with the analysis of the market environment, financial plan, marketing plan and product description provided services.