Construction and Demolition (C&D) processing and recycling facilities accept waste materials that are generated during construction and demolition activities. The processing facility sorts, processes, and transfers the material to another operation. A consequence of these processes is the generation of particulate matter.This study involved quantifying and qualifying airborne particulates at three C&D processing facilities. Active stationary particulate sampling devices were employed to quantify the particle sizes of interest. Results were compared to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS) and United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)standards.The results from this study are not valid for determination of compliance with NAAQS or OSHA standards. However, the data indicate that C&D processing facilities may exceed current NAAQS at certain locations, but do not exceed OSHA standards. These results can be used by the industry as an engineering tool to reduce airborne particulate levels during normal operations of C&D facilities.

Depuis plus de 40 ans, les mobilisations autour d’enjeux environnementaux interrogent les relations que l’homme entretient avec la nature. Mais toutes les questions d’environnement ne retiennent pas l’attention des pouvoirs publics et du public. Fondée sur une approche constructiviste de sociologie des problèmes publics et de sociologie cognitive, la thèse permet de comprendre, à partir de l’exemple de la conservation des bois morts, comment cette question a été instituée en problème public – sous l’impulsion de scientifiques et de responsables d’associations environnementales – et inscrite à l’agenda des politiques environnementales. Si la dimension sectorielle de ce type de problème a rendu difficile sa médiatisation, la thèse montre aussi qu’il a bénéficié de l’alignement du cadre interprétatif sur des catégories de problèmes publics déjà identifiés comme celui de la biodiversité. La thèse interroge également la production normative inhérente à la publicisation de cette question ainsi que les conditions d’élaboration de solutions. Si la production de normes censées résoudre ces problèmes est de plus en plus décentralisée et négociée, ce travail de normalisation montre ses limites en termes d’asymétrie de pouvoir, de légitimité sociale accordée aux différents acteurs de la négociation et de l’hétérogénéité des référentiels qui reposent parfois sur des compromis minimalistes et fonctionnels. Malgré cette absence de cadres interprétatifs et de référentiels normatifs stabilisés, les forestiers de terrain, enquêtés dans les Landes de Gascogne et la forêt de Rambouillet, se montrent de plus en plus réceptifs à la question de la biodiversité associée aux bois morts mais aussi à l’utilisation de cette biomasse comme source d’énergie renouvelable. Notre approche de sociologie cognitive, et en particulier de la pensée technique, montre que cette mise en concurrence et ce recadrage autour de problèmes publics environnementaux présentés comme d’égale importance interrogent à nouveau les forestiers sur leur façon de concilier éthique environnementale et économie dans le cadre de leur gestion forestière. / For more than 40 years, mobilizations around environmental issues try to engage the public and the public authorities about the relationship between human beings and nature. But all environmental issues do not become the focus of public attention or public authorities. Based on the sociology of social problems and knowledge sociology, the thesis shows how the question of dead wood conservation was instituted as a public problem by scientists and managers of environmental associations and how it was put on the agenda of environmental policies. If the professional dimension of this type of problem has complicated its media coverage, the thesis shows that this issue benefited from the alignment of its interpretative framework with some public debates which were already identified such as biodiversity issues. The thesis also queries the normative production inherent to the publicization of this issue and the conditions for the development of solutions. If the production of standards that ought to solve these problems is more and more decentralized and negotiated, this standardization shows its limits in terms of asymmetry of power, social legitimacy given to the different actors of the negotiation and the heterogeneity of the standards systems that are sometimes based on functional and minimalist compromises. Despite this absence of interpretative frameworks and stabilized normative references, foresters, in the Landes of Gascony and the forest of Rambouillet, were more and more receptive to the biodiversity issues associated with dead wood, but also to the use of this biomass as a renewable energy source. Our approach of cognitive sociology shows that this competition between these two public environmental problems is of equal importance for foresters who are dubious about the way to reconcile environmental ethics and economics in the framework of their forest management.

Sustainable development requires an epistemological change. Requires the establishment of a new systemic approach on facts, problems and solutions. Requires the revision of paradigms. In the case of Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES), specifically the universities, the implementation of sustainable practices demand conceptual changes that will affect the criteria of truth, evaluation and organization of the entity. Therefore, this research examined the applicability of environmental regulations within a university management. If they already exist, or why not. If they are effective, or why not. What types of federal and national standards dealing with the environment are applicable to harvest university. What is the perception of administrative and academic community about the environmental regulations. To answer these and other questions, we took as reference the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS). As for structuring the case study was chosen because the results could serve as a paradigm for other institutions. This is a qualitative exploratory-descriptive. With regard to research techniques, used the desk research, literature, field, research and participatory direct observation intensive and extensive. We examined current environmental standards and production processes within the University regulations. Regarding the perception of managers, were administered questionnaires and conducted several interviews with senior managers of the organ. Among the results, we highlight the applicability of various environmental standards within the UFS. Some of them even are of mandatory nature. Interesting also understand that there is the possibility of creating rules of domestic law. Also, note that the university community, especially those who participate in management processes, feels committed to environmental issues. Finally, it remains to say that the research offers a reflection on the University and environmental legislation, and makes suggestions for the establishment of sustainable practices in an academic setting. / O desenvolvimento sustentável exige uma mudança epistemológica. Impõe a instauração de uma nova abordagem sistêmica sobre fatos, problemas e soluções. Requer a revisão de paradigmas. No caso das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior (IFES), especificamente as universidades, a implantação de práticas sustentáveis demanda mudanças conceituais que afetarão os critérios de verdade, avaliação e organização da entidade. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa examinou a aplicabilidade de normas ambientais no âmbito de uma gestão universitária. Se elas já existem, ou por que não. Se são eficazes, ou por que não são. Quais os tipos de normas federais e nacionais que tratam de meio ambiente são aplicáveis à seara universitária. Qual a percepção da gestão administrativa e da comunidade universitária acerca dos regulamentos ambientais. Para responder a estas e outras indagações, tomou-se como referência a Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Quanto à estruturação, o estudo de caso foi escolhido porquanto os resultados obtidos poderão servir como paradigma para outras Instituições. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva. Quanto às técnicas de pesquisa, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, de campo, a investigação participativa e a observação direta intensiva e extensiva. Foram examinadas normas ambientais vigentes, bem como os processos de produção normativa no âmbito da Universidade. Quanto à percepção dos gestores, foram aplicados questionários e realizadas diversas entrevistas com os principais administradores do órgão. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se a aplicabilidade de diversas normas ambientais no âmbito da UFS. Algumas delas, inclusive, revestem-se de caráter obrigatório. Interessante compreender também que existe a possibilidade de criação de regras jurídicas internas. Além disso, nota-se que a comunidade universitária, especialmente aqueles que participam dos processos de gestão, sente-se comprometida com as questões do ambiente. Por fim, resta dizer que a pesquisa oferece uma reflexão sobre a Universidade e a legislação ambiental, bem como propõe sugestões para o estabelecimento de práticas sustentáveis no ambiente acadêmico.

Issu de la pratique contractuelle anglo-saxonne et codifié en France à l'issue des lois “Grenelle de l'Environnement”, le contrat de bail vert vise l’amélioration des performances énergétiques et environnementales des immeubles tertiaires. A l’échelle internationale, ce dispositif contractuel constitue un élément de la politique de lutte contre les émissions anthropiques de gaz à effet de serre plébiscitée à la fin des années 1990 par l'ONU et par l'Union Européenne. Par-delà sa légitimité, l’application du bail vert illustre des intérêts divergents, des conceptions variées de durabilité, des droits d’usages multiples de la propriété, révélateurs du dualisme sujet/objet entre l’homme et l’idée de nature au sein du phénomène d'urbanisation. En tant qu’il procède du libéralisme économique actuel, le bail vert met en lumière les contradictions du projet de développement durable au sein du secteur immobilier. Il est le fruit d'une anthropisation exacerbée et s’avère être une norme molle, difficile à mettre en oeuvre dans l’hexagone.Réactiver l’utilité juridique du bail vert implique un désenchantement des présupposés médiatiques du développement durable pour accéder à la connaissance de son “devoir-être” contractuel. Cette catharsis du principe est indispensable pour établir l’efficacité de “l’être” contractuel que doit former le consentement entre bailleurs, locataires et exploitants techniques autour d’un même projet d'amélioration environnementale. Néanmoins, ce modèle contractuel ne saurait retrouver sa finalité sans l’intervention autoritaire d’une superstructure institutionnelle dévolue à établir l’obligatorieté de la norme environnementale. Cette thèse s’emploie à susciter un intérêt doctrinal pour cette nouvelle ramification du droit - l’immobilier environnemental - mais également à proposer au législateur un processus original d’admission du statut juridique de l’annexe environnementale. Cette thèse invite ainsi les producteurs de normes à repenser l’application du développement durable dans la cité par la mise en place de leviers, sources d’un nouveau paradigme juridique / Arisen from the contractual Anglo-Saxon practice and codified in France thanks to the ‘Grenelle Laws’, the green lease contract aims at improving the environmental and energy performance of a commercial building. At the international level, this contractual tool constitutes an element of the struggle policy against human greenhouse gas emissions that has been claimed in the late 1990’s by the UN and the EU. Beyond its legitimacy,the implementation of the green lease points out diverging interests, varied conceptions of sustainability,multiple rights of property usage, revealing the duality subject/object expressed on the urbanization phenomena between man and nature. As the green lease is a child of economic liberalism, it reveals the discrepancies of sustainability in the real estate sector. It is the fruit of an heighten anthropisation and turns out to be a soft standard, harsh to implement in France.Recovering the legal usefulness of the green lease involves a disenchantment of the mediatised presumptions towards sustainability so as to access to the knowledge of its ‘must-be’ contractual. This catharsis of the principle is imperative to re-establish the efficiency of the ‘state-of-being’ of the contract, i.e. the consent of landlords, tenants and facility managers around the same project of environmental improvement. Nonetheless, this type of contract won’t be able to recover its target without the compelling intercession of the superstructural institutions committed in establishing the binding nature of the environmental norm. This thesis works on provoking a doctrinal interest for this new embranchment of the law (sustainability in real estate), butalso on suggesting to the legislator a genuine admittance process of the French green lease status. This thesis invites the norm producers to reconsider the legal practice of sustainability in the city by implementing leverages that generate a new legal paradigm.