Magister Theologiae - MTh / The aim of the study was to determine what the possibilities are that Ephesians 5:21-24 is misinterpreted when the conclusion is drawn from it that the husband today should be "the head of the wife" and that the wife should "submit" to him. The study assumes that many problems in Christian marriages arise because the biblical guidance with regard to the mandate that the male has in marriage is taken literally. The literature suggests that the average male in the context of the marriage is in crisis, because of the rise of feminism and the emancipation process from a previously male-dominated society. The study attempts to investigate the meaning of Ephesians 5:21-24, and to look for possible answers to questions posed by those who try to be obedient in a fundamentalistic way. To this end the problems of applying an ancient text to modem circumstances are investigated. The exegetical and hermeneutical investigation that follows reaches the conclusion that the passage in Ephesians cannot be used to justify complete male dominance in marriage. It does indeed imply a hierarchy within marriage, but this is relativized by clear statements in the rest of the epistle. There is a tension within the passage itself, but only one aspect has traditionally been emphasized. It is suggested that this one-sided emphasis amounts to a misinterpretation.

New Testament / M.Th. (New Testament)

Thesis (MTh (Old and New Testament))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis interacts with the generally held view that Ephesians is a general epistle with no concrete historical context and contingency, by arguing that this letter addresses particular religious concerns and beliefs of the believers of Ephesus and surrounds. A focussed literary survey of the religious-historical material of the western Mediterranean region in the first century AD is conducted, with particular attention paid to the cult of the Ephesian Artemis and the prevalence of magic. Special focus is placed upon Ephesians 1:15-23, which is exegeted using both grammatical-historical and socio-rhetorical methods of interpretation to gain insights into how the author employed and reformulated contemporary terms and concepts to demonstrate the lordship of Jesus Christ. Serious consideration of the religious and magical context of the first century Greco-Roman world when interpreting this letter to the Ephesians may open many possible avenues for future study, particularly in the area of understanding the letter in an African context. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie tree in dialoog met die algemene opvatting dat die Efesiërs-brief ’n algemene brief of omsendskrywe was, wat geen besondere historiese konteks of dringende saak aangespreek het nie. Die studie oordeel dat die brief spesifieke religieuse sake en oortuigings van die gelowiges in Efese en omgewing aangespreek het. Deur ’n literêre oorsig is daar gefokus op die religieushistoriese materiaal van die westelike Mediterreense area in die eerste eeu nC, met besondere nadruk op die Artemis-kultus en wydverspreide magie. Spesiale klem is geplaas op Efesiërs 1:15-23, wat met behulp van beide grammatikaalhistoriese en sosio-retoriese metodes geëksegetiseer is ten einde te bepaal hoe die outeur kontemporêre terme en konsepte wat die heerskap van Jesus Christus demonstreer, gebruik en herformuleer het. Noukeurige oorweging van die religieuse en magiese konteks van die eerste-eeuse Grieks-Romeinse wêreld ten tyde van die interpretasie van Efesiërs mag deure open vir moontlike verdere areas van studie, veral met die oog op die verstaan van die brief in ’n Afrika konteks.

This thesis consists of an original translation, annotation, and analysis of Karl Barth’s Academic lectures on Ephesians, delivered in Göttingen, winter semester, 1921-1922. The translation is composed from a typescript of Barth’s handwritten manuscript, located in the Karl Barth Archives, Basel, and is annotated for scholarly research, including complete bibliographical information on Barth’s sources. Barth’s exposition is a detailed exegesis of the Greek text of Eph. 1:1-23, comprising 13 lectures, with a summary of Ephesians 2-6 in the final chapter. Materially and formally, the exposition strongly resembles Romans II and Barth’s 1919 sermons on Ephesians, which the study examines. It also exhibits the theological objectivity of the Göttingen period, chiefly because of Barth’s explication of gnosis in Ephesians and his appropriation of Calvin’s theology of the knowledge of God. Barth made a material discovery in his study of Ephesians that fundamentally shaped his subsequent theology. He observes in Eph. 1:3-14 a train of thought which witnesses to God’s action to the creature in Christ and the creature’s subsequent movement to God. He concludes that we have come from God, who has chosen us in eternal election, and we are moving toward the glory of God, our divinely appointed goal. The exposition’s central theme is expressed in Barth’s claim that “the knowledge of God is the presupposition” and “the goal” of human existence. The distinguishing mark of Barth’s theological exegesis is its concreteness, that is, his ability to speak about the text’s contemporary meaning without lapsing into theological abstraction. This concreteness is the consequence of his theological hermeneutic. He describes the interpretive event as a field of action, consisting of the biblical text, the activity of the interpreter, and the divine speech act.

New Testament / M.Th. (New Testament)

Deur na die kriteria en uitsprake rondom die voorkomstes van die term 'Verborgenheid' in die Tweelingbriewe Kolossense en Efesiers te kyk, teen die agtergrond van die 'Toekomstige Dinge' (Jh 16.13) wat deur die Heilige Gees in die Progressiewe Openbaring van God aan die skrywers van die Nuwe Testament bekend gemaak was, word dit ontdek dat daar 'n splintemuwe skepping, die Corpus Christi, waarvan Christus die Hoof is, as hierdie Verborgenheid aan Paulus, na Handelinge 28 in die i gevangenis geopenbaar was, naamlik die Kerk wat daar I eers tot stand gekom het. Die Kerk, wat hoofsaaklik uit gelowige Heidene bestaan, het sedertdien as God se kanaal van heil tot die wereld gedien in die plek en onafhanklik van nasionale Israel, wat volgens Ou Testa- mentiese profesie, God se kanaal van Heil tot die wereld moes wees, onder en saam met wie die Heidene die Here moes dien. God het dus tot op Handelinge 28 steeds verbondmatig met Israel omgegaan om hulle tot bekering te probeer lei en het dit gevolglik tot op daardie stadium uitsluitlik gegaan om dit wat die Ou Testament geprofeteer het, naamlik die Koninkryk van God vir Israel. Maar weens hulle onboetvaardigheid, is Israel deur God verhard en in Handelinge 28 ter syde gestel as Sy kanaal en het Hy Sy Koninkryk program opgeskort en het God Hom tot die Heiden gewend. Daar was dus geen sprake van 'n 'Kerk' in die Handelinge tydperk gewees nie! / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. Th. (New Testament)

Deur na die kriteria en uitsprake rondom die voorkomstes van die term 'Verborgenheid' in die Tweelingbriewe Kolossense en Efesiers te kyk, teen die agtergrond van die 'Toekomstige Dinge' (Jh 16.13) wat deur die Heilige Gees in die Progressiewe Openbaring van God aan die skrywers van die Nuwe Testament bekend gemaak was, word dit ontdek dat daar 'n splintemuwe skepping, die Corpus Christi, waarvan Christus die Hoof is, as hierdie Verborgenheid aan Paulus, na Handelinge 28 in die i gevangenis geopenbaar was, naamlik die Kerk wat daar I eers tot stand gekom het. Die Kerk, wat hoofsaaklik uit gelowige Heidene bestaan, het sedertdien as God se kanaal van heil tot die wereld gedien in die plek en onafhanklik van nasionale Israel, wat volgens Ou Testa- mentiese profesie, God se kanaal van Heil tot die wereld moes wees, onder en saam met wie die Heidene die Here moes dien. God het dus tot op Handelinge 28 steeds verbondmatig met Israel omgegaan om hulle tot bekering te probeer lei en het dit gevolglik tot op daardie stadium uitsluitlik gegaan om dit wat die Ou Testament geprofeteer het, naamlik die Koninkryk van God vir Israel. Maar weens hulle onboetvaardigheid, is Israel deur God verhard en in Handelinge 28 ter syde gestel as Sy kanaal en het Hy Sy Koninkryk program opgeskort en het God Hom tot die Heiden gewend. Daar was dus geen sprake van 'n 'Kerk' in die Handelinge tydperk gewees nie! / Biblical and Ancient Studies / M. Th. (New Testament)

The Abstract In her work the author deals with Christian marriage whose source and ideal is Christ in his relation to the Church, as it is presented in the paraenetical text of Eph 5:21-33. After the circumstances of the origin of the Letter has been presented, the author analyzes the paraenesis on the marriage itself applying the Historical and Literary Criticism, further she emphasizes its message and in this way points to the permanent relevance of the studied biblical text. This basic source is thereafter used as the point of departure for reflections on different fields as the theological anthropology, the sacramental theology and moral theology, and finds in them the affirmation of dignity and uniqueness of the marital bond and the inspiration for the fruitful life in marriage. Finally the consequences of the text for the spiritual theology are studied, for in the life of Christian spouses the spiritual life plays important role. The author emphasizes also the contribution of the biblical exegesis for development of theological research and points to the importance of interconnection of singular theological disciplines for the integrated vision of the studied reality.

This thesis is a study of the interpretation and reception of the writings attributed to the apostle Paul based on the collation of references to Pauline texts in pre-Nicene Christian writings. The material is analysed utilising a method worked out by Teresa Morgan and Raffaella Cribiore to understand the nature and extent of indebtedness to literary authorities in ancient pedagogy. The application of their method means that the most frequently cited passages from the Pauline corpus become the focus for detailed examination, and a chapter is devoted to the following passages: 1 Corinthians 2.6-16, Ephesians 6.10-17, 1 Corinthians 15.50-58, and Colossians 1.15-20. In each chapter, selections from early Christian texts which use these passages are chosen for in-depth analysis because they are representative in their interpretative approaches of the totality of texts examined. Across many different early Christian writings, images and phrases from these Pauline pericopes were used to support and defend a wide range of theological arguments about the nature of divine wisdom and its contrast with human wisdom, the importance of standing firm in faith, the nature of resurrection and the body, and the nature of Christ. On the basis of the analysis throughout this thesis, conclusions are drawn firstly, about the close connection between scriptural interpretation and theological doctrines; secondly, about early Christian formation, separate from scholarly attempts to recover early Christian catechesis, school teaching, and pedagogy; and finally, about early Christian identity and how it is formed and informed by early Christian use of these four passages.

This thesis examines the citation of Ps 68(67).19 in Eph 4.8. Following an introduction that introduces the problem of the altered wording in the citation in Eph 4.8, chapter 2 comprises a History of Research that is organised around the possible sources for the author’s citation in Eph 4.8. One of several conclusions made is that the proclivity of NT scholars to attribute the source text to particular Jewish traditions has contributed to overlooking the import of Ps 68(67).19 within a normal pattern of christological reading of the Psalms in early Christianity. Following these opening chapters, the thesis is divided broadly into Part One and Part Two. The first is deconstructive in nature; the second is constructive. Part One examines textual traditions of Ps 68(67).19 within Justin Martyr, the Peshitta Psalter, and Targum Psalms. Each of these sources share the reading ‘give’ rather than ‘receive’, raising the question of the relationship between these traditions and Eph 4.8. Chapter 3 examines Justin’s Dialogue with Trypho, which contains two citations of Ps 68(67).19 that strongly resemble Ephesians. Nevertheless, as nearly all interpreters acknowledge, Justin never refers directly to ‘Paul’ or ‘Pauline’ letters in any of his writings. Is the parallel wording of Justin’s citations evidence for an early Christian tradition that was also available to Ephesians? I argue that although unmentioned by name, a reasonable case can be made that Justin is familiar with the Pauline corpus, including Eph 4.8. Chapter 4 considers the evidence of Peshitta Psalms, which agrees with the reading of Eph 4.8 in a strand of its copyist tradition. After examining scholarly construals of the Peshitta MS tradition, I consider direct evidence for the influence of Eph 4.8 upon some Peshitta MSS as intimated by Theodore of Mopsuestia. Chapter 5 examines Targum Psalms, focusing on translation techniques and the targumist’s tendency to add, alter, or modify his source in various ways. I argue that when the targumist’s techniques and tendencies are taken into consideration, the targum’s reading ‘give’ is better understood as a typical targumic insertion. The proclivity of many scholars to link Targum Psalms to Eph 4.8 is a classic example of ‘parallelomania’. Part Two turns to make a constructive case for the citation found in Eph 4.8. Chapter 6 is a close examination of the author of Ephesians’ approach to literary borrowing. I consider both his citations from the Jewish scriptures and his use of Colossians as evidence. Chapter 7 examines how early Christians read the biblical Psalms as prophecies. Following a survey of Jewish readings of the Psalms, this chapter surveys how early Christians read the Psalms in light of the death and resurrection- exaltation of Christ. Drawing insights from this, chapter 8 turns to consider the phrases ‘he ascended . . . he gave gifts’ in Eph 4.8. I argue that an ambiguity of the addressee in the text of Ps 68(67).19 allowed for the application of this text to Christ. Moreover, the ‘ascent’ language could easily be applied to the resurrection- exaltation and this association naturally led to the language of gift-giving in Eph 4.8. Chapter 9 considers how the citation of Ps 68(67).19 fits into the context of Ephesians 4, focusing on several important factors such as the language of descent in Eph 4.9–10. Part One and Part Two are followed by a short conclusion that summarises the thesis and draws out several conclusions and implications based upon this study.