The diploma thesis deals with the attitude of parents and teachers of pupils with chronic diseases in the attenuation of compulsory school attendance at the 1st stage of ordinary primary school. The objective of the work is to identify the problems that parents and teachers of chronically ill students encounter during the educational process. From this basis, the purpose is also to find the basis for the best possible cooperation between parents and teachers. The theoretical idea is represented by individual chronic diseases, namely asthma, cystic fibrosis, pediatric oncological diseases, type 1 diabetes mellitus and epilepsy. In addition, the legislative framework for the education of pupils with these diseases, the methodology of working with pupils with chronic diseases and a search of domestic and foreign research conducted on a similar topic are addressed. The methodological part is devoted to qualitative research, the main goal of which is to find out the attitudes of teachers and parents to the educational process of pupils suffering from the above diseases. Using a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured interview, it is ascertained what are the attitudes of parents and teachers towards the education of pupils with the above-mentioned types of chronic diseases in ordinary primary school....

The diploma thesis considers possibilities of using therapies for preschool children with multiple disabilities in special nursery schools and in common nurseries with special classes. Provides an overview of therapies which mostly occur in schools. Based on the theoretical knowledge about single therapies identifies, how are integrated into the educational process in kindergartens. The analysis of the questionnaire survey highlights the shortcomings, that were the basis for a proposal to streamline therapies in these facilities.

L'épilepsie du lobe temporal (ELT) est la forme la plus fréquente de l'épilepsie chez l'adulte. Elle se traduit par des crises spontanées et récurrentes, qui sont résistantes à tout traitement dans 90% des cas. Une agression initiale du cerveau (traumatisme crânien, méningite, convulsions fébriles etc.), est souvent à l'origine de la transformation d'un cerveau « sain » en cerveau épileptique. L'ensemble des processus responsables de cette transition s'appelle l'épileptogenèse. Pouvoir bloquer et/ou retarder l'épileptogenèse chez les patients à risque est une question de santé majeure. En plus des crises, l'ELT soulève d'autres questions. Elle est souvent associée à des déficits cognitifs, qui sont la conséquence de la réorganisation des circuits neuronaux. Ces déficits pourraient être traités de façon indépendante de l'épilepsie elle-même. Le projet de recherche de cette thèse s'inscrit dans ce cadre général. / Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of epilepsy in adults. It translates into spontaneous and recurrent seizures, which are resistant to any treatment in 90% of cases. An initial brain insult (head injury, meningitis, febrile seizures etc.), is often the cause of the transformation of a "healthy" brain into an epileptic one. The process responsible for this transition is called epileptogenesis. Blocking and/or delaying epileptogenesis in at-risk patients is a key issue for public health. In addition to the seizures, TLE raises other problems. It is often associated with cognitive deficits, which are the result of the reorganization of neuronal circuits. These deficits may be treated independently of epilepsy itself. The work presented here fits into this general framework.

Epilepsy, as the most common chronic neurological disease, affects a significant part of population (0.5-1%). Drug resistant epilepsy has a significant negative effect on the quality of life, psychiatric comorbidities, neurocognitive performance and the risk of SUDEP in children. Therefore, resective epilepsy surgery, the only curative treatment of this condition, can fundamentally reverse this unfavorable prognosis. An inevitable prerequisite for a good postoperative result is complete removal of the epileptogenic zone (EC) and preservation of eloquent areas (EC). At present, even with improving and new preoperative non-invasive methods, we don't have an exclusive diagnostic method for theirs delineation. The aim of this PhD study is to assess benefit of individual intraoperative electrophysiological (iEF) methods in pediatric patients with focal intractable epilepsy. The first study evaluates the importance of intraoperative electrocorticography (iECoG) in the localization of EZ. The study proved that iECoG serves as a reliable tool to guide surgical resection and may predict results of epilepsy surgery. iECoG-based modification of surgical plan is not associated with increased risk of significant complications. The second presented study analyzed the contribution of intraoperative electrical...

Nach dem Prinzip synchronisierter Reimwörter wurde ein deutscher dichotischer Hörtest entwickelt und erprobt (Fused Words, FW10b). Die Reliabilitätskennwerte lagen für die innere Konsistenz bei alpha=0,89 und für die Re-Test-Reliabilität im Bereich von r-tt=0,67 bis r-tt=0,87. Der dichotische Test korrelierte hoch mit einem Paralleltest (r=.73, FW12k). In mehreren Untersuchungen fand sich keine Assoziation des dichotischen Lateralisationsergebnisses mit dem Hormonzyklus bei Frauen. Zwischen der Klassifikation im Wada-Test und der Klassifikation im dichotischen Test wurde eine hohe prozentuale Übereinstimmung beobachtet (91%). Auch in einer externen Studie wurde eine hohe Konkordanz mit einem fMRT Paradigma gefunden (97%, Hund-Georgiadis et al 2002). Unter Rechtshändern hatten 70% einen Rechts-Ohr-Vorteil, 23% einen Links-Ohr-Vorteil; bei 7% wurde kein Ohr-Vorteil beobachtet. Es bestand eine hohe Assoziation zwischen dem Lateralitätsquotient der Händigkeit und dem Lateralitätsindex Lambda aus dem dichotischen Test (R=0,76, r=0,72). Bei epilepsiechirurgischen Kandidaten mit links- oder rechtsseitigen Temporallappenläsionen, die alle durch einen Wada-Test als unilateral links-hemisphärisch sprachdominant kategorisiert worden waren, wurden Läsionseffekte analysiert (Hippocampus-Sklerose vs. extra-hippocampale Läsionen). Wie erwartet ergaben sich massive Läsionseffekte für die Patienten mit den Läsionen in der linken sprachdominanten Hemisphäre. In der linken extra-hippocampalen Untergruppe kam es zu einer signifikanten Abnahme der Rechts-Ohr-Punkte und gleichzeitig zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der Links-Ohr-Punkte. Die Einbeziehung von neokortikalen und anderen extra-hippocampalen Strukturen in die temporalen Läsionen war von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Unterdrückung der Antworten vom kontralateralen (rechtsseitigen) Ohr. Die Zunahme der Links-Ohr-Punkte in der Gruppe mit linksseitigen extra-hippocampalen Läsionen deutet eine kompensatorische Verlagerung von Sprachfunktionen auf die rechte Hemisphäre an, die durch den Wada Test nicht erfasst wurde. / Following the principle of synchronized rhyming words a German dichotic listening test was developed and tested (fused words, FW10b). Reliability coefficients for the inner consistency were at alpha=0,89 and for the re-test-reliability between r-tt=0,67 and r-tt=0,87. The dichotic test FW10b was highly correlated with a parallel test (r=.73, FW12k). None of several studies did show any association between the dichotic language lateralization and the hormonal cycle in women. A high percentage of agreement was observed between the Wada classification and the classification by the dichotic test (91%). Furthermore Hund-Georgiadis et al. (2002) found a high percentage of concordance with the lateralization by a fMRI paradigm in an external study (97%). Among right-handers 70% showed a right ear advantage, 23% had a left ear advantage, and 7% had no ear advantage. There was a high association between the laterality quotient of the handedness inventory and the laterality index Lambda of the dichotic listening test FW10b (R=0.76, r=0.72). Lesion effects were analyzed in epilepsy surgical candidates with left and right temporal lobe lesions (hippocampus sclerosis vs. extra-hippocampal lesions), who were all categorized as left-hemispheric language dominant by a Wada-test. As expected, massive lesion effects were apparent in those patients who had their lesions in the left language dominant hemisphere. In the subgroup with left extra-hippocampal lesions there was a significant decrease of right-ear-points and at the same time a significant increase of left-ear-points. The involvement of neocortex and other extra-hippocampal structures in temporal lobe lesions were of crucial importance for the suppression of contralateral (right) ear responses. The elevation of left-ear-points in the left-lateral group indicated a partial compensational shift of language functions to the right hemisphere, which was not detected by the Wada procedure.

La connectivité fonctionnelle cérébrale peut être caractérisée par l'évolution temporelle de la corrélation entre les signaux enregistrés dans des régions spatialement distribuées. Ici, nous proposons une comparaison exhaustive et quantitative pour juger des performances de différentes classes de méthodes pour l'estimation de cette connectivité. Basés sur plusieurs modèles de simulation, les résultats montrent que les performances sont fortement dépendantes des caractéristiques des signaux, aucune méthode ne surpassant les autres dans toutes les situations. La nature non stationnaire et oscillatoire des activités des populations neuronales, nous a amené à proposer un estimateur Temps-Fréquence de relation. La comparaison objective de ce nouvel estimateur avec un estimateur plus classique, basé sur la fonction de cohérence, montre qu'il peut conduire à de meilleures performances. Sur des données réelles, les résultats indiquent que cet estimateur peut augmenter la lisibilité de la représentation TF de la relation et peut ainsi améliorer l'interprétation des relations entre signaux EEG.