Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97).

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The diploma thesis surveys the most important problematic fields of the patient safety issue; particularly in the context of drug administration. In the general part there are described the risks associated with LASA medications, using of concentrated electrolyte solutions, incorrect patient identification and wrong communication. Reported clinical cases of medication errors that occurred in connection with the triggers mentioned above are demonstrated and there are listed recommendations aimed at preventing the adverse events and assuring safe care. The closing part of the thesis describes and compares how the Antwerp University Hospital and three teaching hospitals in Prague ensure the safety of drug administration. The thesis manifests a noticeably more elaborate system of education and promotion of the patient safety issues both among the staff and among the patients and their families in the Antwerp University Hospital. Also the technical assuring of the right medication (barcode scanners, automated dispensing devices in certain wards etc.) was in the Belgian hospital on higher level comparing to the average of the followed Czech hospitals.

Class of 2013 Abstract / Specific Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate areas of ambiguity or error in the content of prescriptions generated using DrFirst’s electronic prescribing software Rcopia adetermines whether these quality issues are attributed to the software, physician, or both. Methods: Electronic prescriptions generated by DrFirst electronic prescribing software, Rcopia, from July 2012 through September 2012 were analyzed regarding the following metrics: number of free text prescriptions, quantity unit mismatches, and SIG issues. These metrics were expressed as a percentage of the total number of prescriptions generated for each month and used for descriptive analysis. Main Results: The total number of prescriptions generated were 12,043,268, of which 363,142 (3%) were free text (uncoded) and 11,680,126 (97%) were non-free text. SIG as directed was identified in 227,732 prescriptions, of which 11,208 (3.1%) were free text and 216,524(1.9%) were non-free text. Double SIG was identified in 174,625 prescriptions, of which 75,336 (20.1%) were free text and 1,746,250 (14.1%) were non-free text. A total of 830 (0.23%) of free text prescriptions contained a Latin abbreviation. Of 621,816 prescriptions containing a quantity unit error, 7,684 (2.1%) were free text prescriptions and 614,132 (5.3%) were non-free text prescriptions. Conclusion: The authors concluded that the software and physician are responsible for error. There were errors associated with selections made by the prescriber in the drop down menus and coded medications in Rcopia. Furthermore, errors were found in free text prescriptions which must be manually entered by the physician or their staff.

In many fields of statistical application the fundamental task is to quantify the association between some explanatory variables or covariates and a response or outcome variable through a suitable regression model. The accuracy of such quantification depends on how precisely we measure the relevant covariates. In many instances, we can not measure some of the covariates accurately, rather we can measure noisy versions of them. In statistical terminology this is known as measurement errors or errors in variables. Regression analyses based on noisy covariate measurements lead to biased and inaccurate inference about the true underlying response-covariate associations. In this thesis we investigate some aspects of measurement error modelling in the case of binary logistic regression models. We suggest a flexible parametric approach for adjusting the measurement error bias while estimating the response-covariate relationship through logistic regression model. We investigate the performance of the proposed flexible parametric approach in comparison with the other flexible parametric and nonparametric approaches through extensive simulation studies. We also compare the proposed method with the other competitive methods with respect to a real-life data set. Though emphasis is put on the logistic regression model the proposed method is applicable to the other members of the generalized linear models, and other types of non-linear regression models too. Finally, we develop a new computational technique to approximate the large sample bias that my arise due to exposure model misspecification in the estimation of the regression parameters in a measurement error scenario. / Science, Faculty of / Statistics, Department of / Graduate

In this thesis we investigate arithmetic subroutines and round-off procedures. An error analysis of single operations in normalized floating point arithmetic leads us to the construction of an improved form of addition-subtraction subroutine. In addition the properties of several types of round-off procedures are examined (adding ½; adding random digits; dropping digits). The experimental work (using the above mentioned subroutines) with the system x• = y, y• = -x shows that the systematic accumulation of round-off error observed by Huskey is due to the type of rounding-off procedure used. Furthermore, Hartree's explanation of this effect is found to be inadequate because carrying extra digits throughout the calculations does not eliminate the systematic round-off. / Science, Faculty of / Mathematics, Department of / Graduate

Performance monitoring is a crucial metacognitive function that allows for adaptive behaviour. Electrophysiological studies on error monitoring specifically, have shown how error trials in different tasks elicit two distinct signatures, the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe). While studies find a robust relation between error awareness and the Pe, results regarding error awareness and the ERN are more divergent. Also, no agreement has been reached on the mechanisms that elicit these signals. This meta-analysis aims to explore the relation between these electrophysiological signatures and error awareness and how disparities in study design might explain divergent study results. Two meta-analyses were conducted and found a significant effect-size for error awareness on both the ERN and the Pe. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore how different study-characteristics can influence these outcomes. Although no effects were found, these results remain mainly inconclusive since the number of included studies was very low, and their study designs quite similar.

Several concerns with Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), including acknowledgement that the process contains human subjectivity, can be found in literature; however very little research has been conducted to identify where and to what extent this variation is found. This thesis investigated sources of variation related to human decision making within FMEA. Participants were required to determine the effects of given failure modes by selection of a severity level given varied input information. The study found that participants were not able to sift through the provided information and identify the appropriate cues relating data relevance to the failure mode under analysis. Thus, it appeared that more information will reduce conservatism – however the quality of the information and experience level does not have an effect. The study concluded that FMEAs contain significant subjectivity and data quality assessment must form part of the FMEA framework.

The purpose of this study is to determine two types of error gravity in a corpus of texts written by native Chinese learners of English (ELLs)—one that enriches the traditional construct of gravity found in error gravity research by including error frequency, or how often an error occurs in a text relative to others, as an intervening variable, and one that applies the new error gravity data in a practical way to help establish salient grammatical focal points for written corrective feedback (WCF). Previous error gravity research has suggested that the amount of irritation caused by error is determined by the extent to which an utterance departs from "native-like" speech. However, because these studies often neglect the role of frequency in determining gravity—relying on isolated sentences, pre-determined errors, and manipulated texts to define it—a more complete view of error gravity is needed. Forty-eight native English speakers without ESL teaching experience and 10 experienced ESL teachers evaluated a set of 18 timed, 30-minute essays written by high intermediate to advanced native-Chinese ELLs. Errors were identified, verified, tagged, and classified by the level of irritation they produced. Results show the most serious errors included count/non-count (C/NC), insert verb (INSERT V), omit verb (OMIT V), and subject-verb agreement (SV). The most frequent error type was word choice (WC), followed by singular/plural (S/PL), awkward (AWK), and word form (WF). When combined, singular/plural (S/PL), word form (WF), word choice (WC), and awkward (AWK) errors were found to be the most critical. These findings support Burt and Kiparsky's (1972) global/local error distinction in which global errors, or those lexical, grammatical and syntactic errors that affect the overall organization or meaning of the sentence (Burt, 1975) are deemed more grievous than local ones, which affect only "single elements (constituents)" (Burt, 1975, p. 57). Implications are discussed in terms of future research and possible uses in the Dynamic Written Corrective Feedback classroom.

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