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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Do conhecimento da ilicitude em face da expansão do direito penal / Do conhecimento da ilicitude em face da expansão do direito penal

Crespo, Marcelo Xavier de Freitas 17 August 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho buscou-se revisitar os pressupostos do conhecimento da ilicitude pela doutrina, inserindo-os no contexto da teoria do delito, especialmente no que tange à problemática da expansão do direito penal, tendo-se em conta a existência de bens jurídicos difusos, a inflação do direito penal, questões relativas às normas penais em branco e a elementos normativos do tipo, além de questões envolvendo o Direito Penal e o Administrativo Sancionador. Pretendeu-se, ainda, relacionar o conhecimento da ilicitude com o erro de proibição, ilustrando como a jurisprudência pátria aborda o tema. / Il presente documento si propone di rivisitare i presupposti di conoscenza dell\'antigiuridicità del fatto dalla dottrina, collocandolo nel contesto della teoria del reato, soprattutto per quanto riguarda il problema della espansione del diritto penale, tenendo conto in particolare l\'esistenza di beni giuridici diffondere l\'inflazione del diritto penale, le questioni di diritto penale in materia di elementi bianchi e normativa del tipo. L\'intenzione era anche di mettere in relazione la conoscenza dell\'antigiuridicità del fatto con l\'errore di divieto, che illustra come i tribunalli brasiliani affronta il caso soggetto.
2

IDENTIFYING PATTERNS OF MAFIA MOBILITY: THE PRESENCE OF THE ITALIAN MAFIAS IN EUROPE

SARNO, FEDERICA 02 March 2015 (has links)
La ricerca sull'espansione territoriale delle mafie italiane si è spesso limitata all'analisi di una singola organizzazione o di un solo paese. I pochi studi con una prospettiva più ampia non esaminano in dettaglio come organizzazioni mafiose diverse operano in paesi diversi. Per colmare tale vuoto conoscitivo, questo studio analizza la presenza di Cosa Nostra, Camorra e 'Ndrangheta in Europa, con l'obiettivo di individuare modelli di espansione mafiosa. Lo studio combina varie fonti di informazione e diversi livelli di analisi. Dapprima, utilizza rapporti ufficiali per mappare la presenza delle mafie italiane in Europa ed identificarne le principali caratteristiche. Successivamente, approfondisce tre casi di studio paese e, sulla base di interviste con esperti, analizza come le diverse organizzazioni operano nei diversi paesi. I risultati mostrano che i fattori legati al territorio e al tipo di attività prevalgono sulle caratteristiche dell'organizzazione nel definire i modelli di espansione mafiosa. Le mafie italiane si concentrano in alcuni paesi Europei e in determinate aree all'interno dello stesso paese. Il traffico di droga è la caratteristica più ricorrente della loro presenza in Europa. La 'Ndrangheta è l'unica organizzazione ad aver riprodotto le proprie strutture all'estero, sebbene ciò non avvenga in tutti i paesi Europei in cui è presente. / Research on the spatial mobility of Italian mafias has frequently adopted a narrow approach, focusing on only one type of mafia or a single country. The few studies with a broader perspective do not examine in detail how different mafias operate across different countries. This study addresses these gaps by providing a first comprehensive analysis of the presence of Cosa Nostra, the Camorra and the 'Ndrangheta across Europe, with the aim of identifying patterns of mafia mobility. The study combines different data sources and different levels of analysis. Drawing from official reports, it firstly maps the spread of the Italian mafias in Europe and identifies the main characteristics of their presence abroad. Secondly, it focuses on three country case studies and, based on expert interviews, compares how different mafias operate across different countries. The results show that country-related and activity-related characteristics prevail over organizational ones in determining patterns of mafia mobility. Italian mafias concentrate in a few European countries and in specific areas within a country. Drug trafficking is the most recurrent feature of their presence abroad. The 'Ndrangheta is the only mafia which has a structured presence in Europe, although it does not reproduce its structures in all foreign countries.
3

Saggi su geografia e crescita / Essays on Geography and Growth

ACCETTURO, ANTONIO 21 February 2007 (has links)
Si presentano un saggio empirico e due modelli teorici originali sul rapporto tra geografia economica e crescita. Nel saggio empirico si presentano alcuni fatti stilizzati sull'evoluzione della concentrazione spaziale delle attività innovative in Italia nel periodo 1971-2001. Si mostra, con metodologie non-parametriche su base markoviana, come la concentrazione spaziale sia diminuita nel tempo, con una persistenza del Core di regioni specializzate. Nel primo saggio teorico si propone un modello di crescita romeriana e localizzazione caratterizzato da costi di congestione. È possibile, in questo caso, un processo di divergenza e agglomerazione non permanente. Nel secondo saggio teorico si mostra come le predizioni principali dei modelli di geografia e crescita si estendano anche ad un modello di crescita schumpeteriana. / I present one empirical and two theoretical models on the relationship between geography and growth. in the empirical paper, I present some stylized facts on the evolution of the spatial concentration of innovative activities in Italy in the period 1971-2001. Using markov-based non parametric techniques, I show that spatial concentration decreased but regional specialization is highly persistent. in the first theoretical paper, I present a model of romerian growth and industrial location characterized by congestion costs. I show how a process of agglomeration and divergence might be reverted once trade integration deepens. in the second theoretical paper, I show how usual predictions of the geography and growth models apply to a Schumpeterian growth model.
4

Jamming and glass transition in mean-field theories and beyond / Jamming e transizione vetrosa in teorie di campo medio ed oltre / Transition vitreuse et de jamming en théories de champ moyen et au-delà

Altieri, Ada 06 February 2018 (has links)
La description détaillée des systèmes désordonnés et vitreux représente un défi central en physique statistique et de la matière condensée, puisqu'à ce jour il n'existe pas de théorie unique et établie permettant de comprendre ces systèmes, pourtant omniprésents.Ce travail de recherche est lié en particulier à l'étude des matériaux vitreux à basse température. Plus précisément, si l'on considère des systèmes formés par un ensemble de particules athermiques avec des interactions répulsives de portée finie, en augmentant la densité, on peut observer une transition dite d'encombrement ("jamming"). Celle-ci consiste en un blocage des degrés de liberté accompagné par une augmentation spectaculaire de la rigidité du matériau.Nous étudierons ce problème à l’aide d’une analogie formelle entre des modèles de sphères et le perceptron, un modèle théorique qui développe une transition d'encombrement et des phénomènes de frustration typiques des systèmes désordonnés.En tant que modèle en champ moyen, il permet d'obtenir des résultats analytiques précis et généralisables à des systèmes à haute dimension.L'enjeu majeur de cette étude est de reconstruire le spectre des modes de vibration et toutes les propriétés pertinentes d'une phase spécifique (correspondant au régime dit des sphères dures).Dans ce cadre, nous dériverons le potentiel effectif en fonction des paramètres d'ordre du modèle et nous montrerons qu'il est dominé à proximité du point de jamming par une interaction logarithmique non triviale, qui clarifiera le lien entre les forces de contact et les distances moyennes entre les particules, dans la région critique et au-delà.Comprendre pleinement la transition d'encombrement et les propriétés du perceptron nous permettra de faire des progrès dans plusieurs domaines reliés. En premier lieu, cela peut conduire à une théorie complète des systèmes amorphes, à la fois en dimension infinie et en dimension finie.De plus, le modèle du perceptron semble avoir un lien étroit avec des problèmes dits de Von Neumann. En effet, les systèmes biologiques et écologiques développent souvent des propriétés liées à une condition pseudo-critique en mettant en oeuvre des mécanismes d'optimisation de ressource-consommation.Est-il possible d'identifier un régime caractérisé par une brisure de symétrie? Quel serait le spectre de fluctuations d'énergie dans ces systèmes?Ce ne sont que quelques-unes des questions auxquelles nous essayerons de répondre dans cette thèse.Cependant, l'approximation de champ moyen peut parfois fournir des informationsincorrectes ou trompeuses, en particulier dans l'étude de certaines transitions de phase et la détermination des dimensions critiques inférieure et supérieure.Afin d'avoir une vue d'ensemble et pouvoir manipuler correctement des systèmes en dimension finie, dans la suite de la thèse nous discuterons comment obtenir un développement perturbatif systématique, applicable à tout modèle, à condition que ce dernier soit défini sur un réseau ou un graphe biparti.Notre motivation est en particulier liée à la possibilité d'étudier certaines transitions de phase du second ordre qui existent sur le réseau de Bethe - c'est-à-dire un réseau en arbre sans boucles dont chaque noeud a une connectivité fixe - mais qui sont qualitativement différentes ou absentes dans le modèle entièrement connecté correspondant. / The detailed description of disordered and glassy systems represents an open problem in statistical physics and condensed matter. As yet, there is no single, well-established theory allowing to understand such systems. The research presented in this thesis is related in particular to the study of glassy materials in the low-temperature regime. More precisely, considering systems formed by athermal particles subject to repulsive short-range interactions, upon progressively increasing the density, a so-called jamming transition can be detected. It entails a freezing of the degrees of freedom and hence a huge increase of the material rigidity.We shall study this problem in view of a formal analogy between sphere models and the perceptron, a theoretical model undergoing a jamming transition and frustration phenomena typical of disordered systems. Being a mean-field model, it allows to obtain exact analytical results, which are generalizable to more complex high-dimensional settings.The main aim is to reconstruct the vibrational spectrum and all the relevant properties of a specific phase of the perceptron, corresponding to the hard-sphere regime.In this framework, we will derive the effective potential as a function of the gaps between and forces among the particles, and we will show that it is dominated by a non-trivial logarithmic interaction near the jamming point. This interaction in turn will clarify the relations existing between the relevant variables of the system, in the critical jamming region and beyond.Understanding the jamming transition and the perceptron properties will allow us to make progress in several related fields. First, this study could lay part of the groundwork towards a complete theory of amorphous systems, in both infinite and finite dimensions. Furthermore, the perceptron model seems to a have a close connection with the so-called Von Neumann problems. Indeed, biological and ecological systems often develop pseudo-critical properties and give rise to general mechanisms of resource-consumption optimisation.Is the identification of a broken symmetry regime possible? What would it yield in terms of the spectrum of the energy fluctuations?These are just a few questions we shall attempt to answer in this context.However, the mean-field approximation can sometimes provide wrong or misleading information, especially in studying certain phase transitions and determining the exact lower and upper critical dimensions. To have a broad perspective and correctly deal with finite-dimensional systems, in the second part of the thesis we will discuss obtaining a systematic perturbative expansion which can be applied to any model, as long as defined on a lattice or a bipartite graph.Our motivation is in particular due to the possibility of studying relevant second-order phase transitions which exist on the Bethe lattice — a lattice with a locally tree-like structure and fixed connectivity for each node — but which are qualitatively different or absent in the corresponding fully-connected version.

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