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Thirty-four cows (26 Holsteins and 8 Jerseys) were subjected to an estrous synchronization protocol administering 2 PGF2Æ Ã injections 11 d apart prior to beginning the lactation-induction protocol. Artificial induction of lactation yielded a 92% success rate for Holstein cows with success defined as achieving >9 kg milk/d, and a 88% success rate for Jersey cows with success defined as achieving > 5 kg milk/d. Mean accumulated milk yield for induced cows at 150 DIM was 65% of mean yield for nontreated cows. Mean peak milk yield for lactation- induced Holsteins and Jerseys was 32 kg/d and 20 kg/d, respectively. Mean serum and milk progesterone concentrations for samples collected during the first 6 d of lactation were not different between lactation-induced and nontreated cows. However, mean serum estradiol concentrations for induced cows were higher (P <0.05) in samples collected 3 and 5 DIM. Lactation-induced cows exhibited an increase in serum alpha-lactalbumin concentrations 2 d prior to initiation of milking, reaching values of ~260 ng/ml. Mean days-to-first service was greatly reduced in cows induced into lactation compared to nontreated cows, while mean services per conception was similar between induced and nontreated cows. Mean days to conception was lower for induced cows than for nontreated cows. By 150 DIM, pregnancy rate of induced cows was 70%, whereas nontreated cows averaged 56% pregnancy rate. / Master of Science

Orientador: João Carlos Pinheiro Ferreira / Abstract: Thirty Nelore cows were submitted to estrus synchronization using a single administration of lecirelina, at 25 mg dosage and seven days later, D+ Cloprostenol at, 0.15 mg being both administered intra-muscularly. The first 16 cows ovulating were selected and daily evaluation was performed by rectal palpation and ultrasound of the female reproductive tract followed by blood sampling. Endometrial samples were collected by biopsy at days 0, 5, 9, 13 and 19 of the estrous cycle to detect the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors by immunohistochemistry. The cows were distributed in 3 groups: control (without endometrial sampling, n=8), D0 (sampling initiated at the day of ovulation, n=4) and D13 (sampling initiated at day 13 of the estrous cycle, n=4). The mean inter-estrus interval was 23.80 l 2.70. The progesterone plasma mean concentrations ranged from 0.06 ng/mL to 4.53 ng/mL, decreasing throughout the cycle and reaching the lowest value close to ovulation. The pattern was characterized by increasing values during the luteal phase. The estradiol 17-b mean concentrations ranged from 6.22 pg/mL to 14.10 pg/mL and these values did not change throughout the estrous cycle. The results obtained by the rectal palpation revealed that the uterine tone and thickness were changing throughout the estrous cycle, being elevated during the period close to ovulation, and they were decreased during the progesterone phase. The ultrasound demonstrates that the amount of fluid content on the cranial vaginal compartment and in the uterine horn lumen was modified throughout the cycle. The largest amount of fluid was observed during the closest period to estrus and small fluid accumulation was observed during the progesterone phase. However, cows that were submitted to endometrial sampling presented more fluid during the progesterone phase... / Mestre

The leaner mouse carries an autosomal recessive mutation in the α1A subunit of neuronal P/Q-type voltage gated calcium ion channels. Due to this mutation, the leaner mouse exhibits severe ataxia, absence seizures and paroxysmal dyskinesia. Mutations in this same gene in humans cause: episodic ataxia type 2, familial hemiplegic migraine, spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 and probably the newly recognized form of human inherited epilepsy. Decreased amplitude of calcium current in cerebellar Purkinje cells and decreased calcium buffering capacity suggest that failure of calcium homeostasis may lead to the neurodegeneration observed in these mutant mice. Both sexes are affected. Despite their neurological dysfunction, homozygous leaner mice are able to breed and produce viable offspring. The survival rate for these pups is highly correlated with early fostering to normal lactating dams. This thesis studies the reproductive dysfunction observed in female homozygous leaner mice and is divided into four parts: onset of puberty, estrous cycle, pregnancy and litter assessment, and hormone levels. We have discovered that the onset of puberty is precocious in leaner females compared to age-matched wild type females, and leaner mice spend more time in estrous than age-matched wild type females. Also, we have observed that leaner mice became pregnant less readily than wild type mice, but once pregnant, female leaner mice produced more pups per litter compared with wild type mice. The number of corpora lutea observed in leaner mice is greater than in wild type mice. In leaner mice, the number of corpora lutea in the ovary corresponding to the uterine horn with the highest number of offspring is larger than the number of corpora lutea found in the ovary corresponding to the other uterine horn. Radioimmunoassays of estradiol hormone levels at postnatal day 28 shows higher levels in leaner compared to age-matched wild type mice. However, at postnatal day 28, the luteinizing hormone levels are similar in both categories of mice. This study of reproductive dysfunction in leaner mice was performed to gain further understanding about the role of intracellular calcium ion signaling in neuronal regulation of reproductive processes in females.

This study investigated the effect of the mouse estrous cycle on myocyte contractile function. Female mice displayed irregular estrous cycles unless induced to cycle though exposure to bedding collected from cages housing male mice. Fractional shortening and Ca2+ transient amplitudes were significantly larger in myocytes isolated from mice in estrus. The effect of the estrous cycle was preserved even when cells were paced at a more physiological frequency and in the presence of ?-adrenergic stimulation. Myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity was also modified by the estrous cycle, as myofilaments isolated from the hearts of mice in estrus were least sensitive to Ca2+. However, acute application of either 17?-estradiol or the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) agonist, G-1, had no effect on contractions or Ca2+ transients, regardless of the estrous stage. Thus, physiological fluctuations in sex hormone levels modify myocyte contractions, Ca2+ release, and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.

At the author’s request, the abstract has been removed due to the confidential nature of the thesis. It will be added once the embargo period has passed.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-18Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000815233.pdf: 1654214 bytes, checksum: d5e117f5790352e4f036419f4f64ce17 (MD5) / O objetivo geral deste estudo foi descrever as respostas inflamatórias de jumentas Pêga ao sêmen fresco (MN), sêmen extendido (SE) e sêmen congelado (SC) de jumento, tendo como objetivo específico correlacionar esses achados com os baixos índices de gestações de jumentas Pêga por inseminação artificial (IA) com SC. Foram avaliadas diariamente 25 jumentas, através de rufiações, palpações transretais e exames ultrassonográficos durante maio de 2012 a março de 2013. Foram observados 234 estros, sendo 33 (14,22%) estros anovulatórios e 11 (4,74%) duplas ovulações; o comprimento do ciclo estral foi de 28,88±0,95 dias, com sinais externos de estro de 4,50±0,35 dias e o tempo de ovulação em relação ao término do estro de 8,0±2,45 horas entre as 25 jumentas. Diante dos resultados obtidos, as jumentas não apresentaram sazonalidade reprodutiva. Selecionaram-se 12 jumentas ao acaso, as quais foram biopsiadas em diestro para avaliação reprodutiva e nos ciclos estrais subsequentes, as mesmas foram submetidas à uma das técnicas: monta natural (MN), IA-SE e IA-SC próximo à ovulação, realizando-se biópsia endometrial 10 horas após cada evento. Os fragmentos foram conservados em formalina a 10%, solução de Bouin e solução de glutaraldeído tamponado a 10% para análise em microscopia de luz (ML), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). As amostras endometriais das jumentas em diestro apresentaram pregas e sulcos do endométrio, células microvilosas e ciliadas, livre de processos patológicos incompatíveis com a reprodução; em estro apresentaram epitélio colunar simples, evidenciando células microvilosas e células ciliadas, com núcleos ovalados, cromatina condensada e, no citoplasma, presença de mitocôndrias, vacúolos e corpúsculos elétron-densos. Formações semelhantes a bolhas estavam presentes nas superfícies das células microvilosas. As glândulas ... / The general objective of this study was to describe the inflammatory responses in Pêga Jennies from fresh (NM), extended (ES) and frozen (CS) semen from Jackass. The specific objective was to correlate these responses with low pregnancy rates in Jennies after artificial inseminations (AI) with frozen semen. Twenty five Jennies were daily evaluated by teasing, rectal examination and ultrasound from May 2002 to March 2013. Estrous cycles (n=234) were followed, with 33 (14.22%) non- ovulatory estrous and 11 (4.74%) double ovulations. The estrous cycle length was 32.68±0.76 days, with external heat signs of 4.49±0.23 days and time of ovulation in relationship to end of estrous of 5.68±7.18 hours for Jennies during the observed period. The estrous cycle was 28.88±0.95 days; with external heat signs of 4.50±0.35 days and time to ovulation in relation to end of estrous of 8.0±2.45 hours among 25 Jennies. Thus, considering the obtained results there was no reproductive seasonality. Twelve Jennies were casually selected for biopsy during diestrous being reproductively evaluated and subsequently submitted to one of those: natural mount (NM), AI- ES and AI-CS near the time of ovulations; and then submitted to endometrial biopsy 10 hours latter. Each fragment was maintained in formalin 10%, Bouin solution and Buffer glutaraldehyde 10% for Ligh Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The endometrial samples from Jennies in diestrous presented folds and endometrial grooves, microvillus cells and ciliated cells, free of process that could compromise reproduction. The estrous samples presented simple columnar epithelium, circled nuclei, condensed chromatin and at the cytoplasm, mitochondrial vacuoles and electro- dense corpuscles. Similar structures to blebs were present at the microvilli cell surface. The endometrial glands were completed by secretions that were shown with major evidence ...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-02Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:59:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000825590.pdf: 2135507 bytes, checksum: 4acdd1ac9309e969fde1c284be815e3c (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Bolsa BEPE / O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as características do corpo lúteo (CL) durante a luteólise parcial, em diferentes dias do ciclo estral, após desafio com sub-dose de cloprostenol sódico. Para tanto foram realizados dois experimentos que foram descritos em dois artigos. No artigo I, 32 vacas foram submetidas à sincronização da ovulação (Ovsynch + P4), sendo dessas, 28 ovularam entre 24 e 32 horas (h) após último GnRH (Dia 0) do protocolo. No D6 as vacas foram divididas aleatoriamente em três tratamentos (momento 0h): Controle (2 mL, salina, i.m.; n=10), 2XPGF (duas doses de 500 μg de cloprostenol sódico com 2 horas de intervalo, i.m.; n=8) ou 1/6PGF (83,3 μg de clorprostenol sódico, i.m.; n=10). Amostras de sangue e volume luteal, foram coletadas antes dos tratamentos e a cada 8 h durante às 48 h de observações. Também foram coletadas duas biopsias de CL nos momentos 24 e 40 h pós-tratamento. Valores com P < 0,05 foram considerados diferentes estatisticamente. Nos animais do tratamento 2XPGF, a diminuição da concentração plasmática de progesterona (P4) foi observada a partir de 16 h permaneceu diminuindo até 48 h pós-tratamento. No tratamento 1/6PGF foi observada a luteólise parcial, caracterizada pelas menores concentrações da P4 no momento 16 h seguido do aumento de nos momentos seguintes. As marcações de COX-2 e PGDH foram intensas nos momentos 24 e 40 h, porem a marcação para StAR foi intensa somente no momento 40 h. Ainda no tratamento 1/6PGF o volume luteal também diminuiu com 24 h e esse momento foi caracterizado pela menor área das células luteais grandes (LLC), comparada com o Controle, também algumas células positivas para a marcação de FAS e FAS-L. Nos momentos seguintes o volume luteal aumentou assim como a área das células tiveram tendência em aumentar. No artigo II, 39 vacas foram divididas em dois grupos e submetidas a sincronização da ovulação (Ovsynch + P4), sendo dessas ... / We aimed describe the CL characteristics during partial luteolysis, in different days of estrous cycle, after cloprostenol sodium low-dose challenge. Therefore, two projects were conduct and describe in two articles. In the first article, 32 cows were submitted to ovulation synchronization (Ovsunch +P4), 28 cows ovulated between 24 and 32 hours (h) after last GnRH (Day 0) of ovulation synchronization protocol, and were used in the project. At D6, cows were randomly divided in three treatments (moment 0): Control (2 mL of saline 0.9%; IM, n=10), 2XPGF (two doses of 500 μg of cloprostenol sodium with 2 hours interval, n=8) and 1/6PGF (83.33 μg of cloprostenol sodium, IM, n=10). Blood samples and luteal volume were collect before treatments and every 8 h, during 48 h of observations. We also collect two CL biopsies at 24 and 40 h post-treatments. The data was considered statically different when P < 0.05. Animals from 2XPGF had progesterone concentration (P4) decreased 16 h after treatment and it remain low until 48 h after treatment. In 1/6PGF, we observe a partial luteolysis, with decrease on circulating P4 and luteal volume 16 h, after that, we observe an increase in the next moments. The COX-2 and PGDH staining were more intense at 24 and 40 h, however the staining for StAR was intense only on 40 h moment. Still in 1/6PGF treatment, the luteal volume also decrease after 24 h and this moment was characterized by large luteal cells (LLC) minor area than Control, also some positive cell for FAS and FAS-L staining. In the next moments, luteal volume increase as well as cell area tend increase. In the second article, 39 cows were submitted to ovulation protocol (last GnRH = D0), 34 ovulated between 24 and 32 h after GnRH of protocol. The cows were synchronized in a way that data collect were at the same day. Each estrous cycle day were submitted in the same 3 treatments described in Article I: D7 (n=5/2XPGF, n=5/1/6PGF e n=6/control) and ... / FAPESP: 2011/020449-7 / Bolsa BEPE: 2013/17801-6

Orientador: Gilson Hélio Toniollo / Coorientador: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Banca: Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto / Banca: Benedito Dias de Oliveira Filho / Banca: Lindsay Unno Gimenes / Banca: Tais Harumi de Castro Sasahara / Resumo: O objetivo geral deste estudo foi descrever as respostas inflamatórias de jumentas Pêga ao sêmen fresco (MN), sêmen extendido (SE) e sêmen congelado (SC) de jumento, tendo como objetivo específico correlacionar esses achados com os baixos índices de gestações de jumentas Pêga por inseminação artificial (IA) com SC. Foram avaliadas diariamente 25 jumentas, através de rufiações, palpações transretais e exames ultrassonográficos durante maio de 2012 a março de 2013. Foram observados 234 estros, sendo 33 (14,22%) estros anovulatórios e 11 (4,74%) duplas ovulações; o comprimento do ciclo estral foi de 28,88±0,95 dias, com sinais externos de estro de 4,50±0,35 dias e o tempo de ovulação em relação ao término do estro de 8,0±2,45 horas entre as 25 jumentas. Diante dos resultados obtidos, as jumentas não apresentaram sazonalidade reprodutiva. Selecionaram-se 12 jumentas ao acaso, as quais foram biopsiadas em diestro para avaliação reprodutiva e nos ciclos estrais subsequentes, as mesmas foram submetidas à uma das técnicas: monta natural (MN), IA-SE e IA-SC próximo à ovulação, realizando-se biópsia endometrial 10 horas após cada evento. Os fragmentos foram conservados em formalina a 10%, solução de Bouin e solução de glutaraldeído tamponado a 10% para análise em microscopia de luz (ML), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). As amostras endometriais das jumentas em diestro apresentaram pregas e sulcos do endométrio, células microvilosas e ciliadas, livre de processos patológicos incompatíveis com a reprodução; em estro apresentaram epitélio colunar simples, evidenciando células microvilosas e células ciliadas, com núcleos ovalados, cromatina condensada e, no citoplasma, presença de mitocôndrias, vacúolos e corpúsculos elétron-densos. Formações semelhantes a bolhas estavam presentes nas superfícies das células microvilosas. As glândulas ... / Abstract: The general objective of this study was to describe the inflammatory responses in Pêga Jennies from fresh (NM), extended (ES) and frozen (CS) semen from Jackass. The specific objective was to correlate these responses with low pregnancy rates in Jennies after artificial inseminations (AI) with frozen semen. Twenty five Jennies were daily evaluated by teasing, rectal examination and ultrasound from May 2002 to March 2013. Estrous cycles (n=234) were followed, with 33 (14.22%) non- ovulatory estrous and 11 (4.74%) double ovulations. The estrous cycle length was 32.68±0.76 days, with external heat signs of 4.49±0.23 days and time of ovulation in relationship to end of estrous of 5.68±7.18 hours for Jennies during the observed period. The estrous cycle was 28.88±0.95 days; with external heat signs of 4.50±0.35 days and time to ovulation in relation to end of estrous of 8.0±2.45 hours among 25 Jennies. Thus, considering the obtained results there was no reproductive seasonality. Twelve Jennies were casually selected for biopsy during diestrous being reproductively evaluated and subsequently submitted to one of those: natural mount (NM), AI- ES and AI-CS near the time of ovulations; and then submitted to endometrial biopsy 10 hours latter. Each fragment was maintained in formalin 10%, Bouin solution and Buffer glutaraldehyde 10% for Ligh Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The endometrial samples from Jennies in diestrous presented folds and endometrial grooves, microvillus cells and ciliated cells, free of process that could compromise reproduction. The estrous samples presented simple columnar epithelium, circled nuclei, condensed chromatin and at the cytoplasm, mitochondrial vacuoles and electro- dense corpuscles. Similar structures to blebs were present at the microvilli cell surface. The endometrial glands were completed by secretions that were shown with major evidence ... / Doutor