No description available.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in Canada and most developed countries. One of the next major advances in reducing CVD morbidity and mortality will likely occur when the epidemiology and the pathophysiology of specific risk factors for atherosclerosis across diverse populations are better understood. It is now apparent that different ethnic groups have different risks of CVD mortality that cannot be accounted for by differences in risk factors like smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Therefore, both from global and national perspectives, studies that explore reasons for ethnic differences in CVD rates are of major public health importance. The Study of Heart Assessment and Risk in Ethnic groups (SHARE) is a unique initiative designed to determine the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in South Asians and European Canadians. South Asians in Canada and in several countries have the highest rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to any other ethnic groups in the world, and present a unique opportunity to test research hypotheses to discover emerging risk factors for atherosclerosis. SHARE builds upon previous cross-sectional studies that have examined the traditional CHD risk factor profile of South Asians, and extends this investigation to determine the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in South Asians, and the contribution to its development from metabolic, fibrinolytic, nutritional, and psychosocial factors. This thesis represents a carefully designed research proposal to study CVD risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in South Asians and White Canadians. A pilot study to test the feasibility of this design was conducted over the past one year. The information obtained from this experience has led to further pilot studies and modification of the final proposal, which has recently been funded by the Medical Research Council of Canada. This cross-sectional study proses to use a stratified random sampling to identify potential South Asian and White Canadian participants in Canada. Ethnic specific sampling frames were created, in conjunction with Statistics Canada, by using a compact disc programme of public telephone directories. South Asian Canadians were identified by using a comprehensive list of last names, a method which is highly sensitive and specific to South Asian ethnicity. A sampling frame of Canadians of European origin matched by postal code to the South Asian sampling frame was also created. In the pilot study we recruited participants by mail and multiple telephone calls, and our results are comparable to other population-based studies who utilized similar methods of recruitment. However, it is likely that our contact rates may be improved and after seeking the advice of the York Institute for Social Research in Toronto we have modified our recruitment protocol to maximize contact rates. Both traditional and emerging risk factors will be identified utilizing a combination of existing and new measurement instruments. The primary outcome measurement is subclinical atherosclerosis as measured by the carotid B-Mode ultrasound. This technology allows precise quantitation of atherosclerosis and is desirable for use in population-based studies as it is not subject to reporting bias by study participants. As well, it is a continuous measurement and decreases sample size requirements. Furthermore it allows the study of the relationship of risk factors and disease across a continuum. Interesting demographic and laboratory differences were identified between the South Asians and White Canadian populations during the pilot study. Lifestyle differences in smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as socio-economic status and education were identified between the groups. As well, intriguing differences in glucose and lipid abnormalities were identified, as were differences in emerging CVD risk factors such as Lp(a) and urine microalbumin. Although extensive measures of fibrinolysis were not incorporated into the pilot study they are planned for the large study. Few instruments to measure nutritional and psychosocial factors in nonwhite populations have been developed. The development of these instruments is outlined in this thesis proposal and. preliminary validation of these instruments has been completed as part of the SHARE pilot study. In both of these areas no “gold standard” exists against which surrogate measures may be validated and this posed unique methodologic challenges. After careful consideration of nutritional hypothesis and discussion with experts in the field of nutritional epidemiology, it was decided that a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) would be the most appropriate instrument to identify significant qualitative differences in macronutrient consumption between ethnic populations. As no FFQ exists for South Asians, nutrient data collected from the SHARE pilot study were used to create a South Asian specific FFQ. With the initiation of the large SHARE project this FFQ will be validated against multiple 24 hour recalls taken at random. Although psychosocial factors have been repeatedly demonstrated to be associated with the development of CVD, it is extremely difficult to study these relationships precisely. There are many instruments which have be validated to measure stress and associated factors such as hostility, coping strategies and depression, yet no validation of these instruments had been conducted in the South Asian population. Therefore a SHARE Life Stress and Satisfaction Questionnaire was created after careful consideration of which stress factors may be unique to South Asians immigrants. Previously validated subscales were compiled to create this questionnaire which was completed by a subset of the SHARE pilot study participants. Validation of this questionnaire was performed on three levels content, criterion and construct. As well, reliability testing using tests of internal consistency and test-re-test reliability were conducted. Although this satisfies the criteria of validation and reliability testing of psychosocial instruments, whether or not we were attempting to measure the relevant stress factors of South Asian Canadians is questionable. In our attempt to confirm what we believed were important stressors, and to discover new factors, a qualitative substudy was designed. Using focus groups a subsample of South Asian and White Canadians will be studied and the emergent themes generated from this study will be used to develop an explanatory model of the dominant psychosocial factors and their potential relationship with health behaviours and disease status. This substudy will be run concurrently with the initiation of the SHARE project, and based on these results the Life Stress and Satisfaction questionnaire will be modified. In summary, this thesis outlines a proposal to document the prevalence of traditional and emerging risk factors and sub-clinical atherosclerosis in South Asians and White Canadians in Canada. It is our intention to follow the group identified in this cross-sectional study (Phase 1) for the progression of atherosclerosis and clinical events over time in a national cohort study (Phase 2). / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

No description available.

Introdução: Em virtude da miscigenação populacional que ocorre no Brasil, os diferentes grupos étnicos podem apresentar estruturas esqueléticas craniofaciais e tegumentares distintas. Nesse sentido, estudos devem ser estabelecidos para suportar o diagnóstico e facilitar o plano de tratamento entre as diferentes raças e seus diferentes padrões de miscigenação. Objetivo: Determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas tegumentares e esqueléticas de jovens brasileiros mestiços nipo-brasileiros, com oclusão normal descendentes de japoneses e brasileiros e comparar os resultados das variáveis com amostras compatíveis de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipo-brasileiros e 33 de xantodermas. As três amostras apresentavam indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada. Devido às características do tecido mole e para facilitar a comparação, as amostras foram divididas por gênero. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos: análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA), teste t e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA). Resultados: Encontrou-se diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre as três raças em 17 variáveis para o gênero feminino e 15 para o gênero masculino. Essas variáveis evidenciaram menor espessura na região do násio; menor nariz e biprotrusão labial para as meninas nipobrasileiras em relação aos leucodermas e maior espessura na região da glabela; menor espessura na região do násio; maior espessura do lábio inferior e da região supramentoniana e padrão esquelético facial mais vertical para os meninos nipobrasileiros. Conclusão: As meninas nipo-brasileiras apresentaram características mais similares com a amostra xantoderma e os meninos nipo-brasileiros apresentaram valores numericamente intermediários, com algumas variáveis com maior similaridade com os leucodermas e outras com os xantodermas. Conseqüentemente fica evidente que essa raça miscigenada necessita de normas de tecido mole específicas. / Introduction: Remaining the diverse population in Brazil, the different ethnic groups can present unique skeletal and soft tissue measurements. Studies must be established to support orthodontics diagnostic and treatment plans between different races and different standards. Objective: Obtain mean normal values to soft tissue and skeletal cephalometric variables for Japanese-Brazilian and compare the values between Mediterranean, Japanese-Brazilian and Japanese descents. Methods: Cephalometric films were obtained from 40 Mediterranean, 32 Japanese-Brazilian and 33 Japanese adolescents. Only subjects with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces were selected. The variables were separately compared for males and females. ANCOVA, ANOVA and t tests were performed to compare the groups. Results: There were significant differences between the Mediterranean, Japanese-Brazilian and Japanese population in several variables tested for both sexes ( P<.05). The Japanese-Brazilian female have more protrusive lips, smaller nose and smaller nasion thickness when compared to the Caucasian sample and the Japanese-Brazilian male have greater glabellas thickness, smaller nasion thickness, greater lower lips and B point thickness and greater facial convexity. Conclusions: Japanese-Brazilian females showed more similarity characteristics to Japanese sample and males had numerically intermediate values with some variables been more similar to Mediterranean and other with the Japanese. Consequently, Japanese-Brazilian descents need a specific soft tissue standard.

Introdução: A análise cefalométrica de McNamara Jr. é um meio auxiliar para o diagnóstico das discrepâncias dentoesqueléticas e amplamente utilizada, principalmente porque fornece um diagnóstico orientador dos procedimentos cirúrgicos a serem realizados ou à utilização de aparelhos funcionais. Muitos trabalhos já demonstraram que diferentes etnias apresentam padrões cefalométricos distintos. Nesse sentido, as características próprias dos indivíduos devem ser respeitadas, para suportar o diagnóstico e facilitar o plano de tratamento entre as diferentes etnias e seus diferentes padrões de miscigenação. Objetivo: Determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas relacionadas à análise de McNamara Jr. de jovens mestiços nipobrasileiros, com oclusão normal, descendentes de japoneses e brasileiros e comparar os resultados das variáveis com amostras de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas que apresentem as mesmas características. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipobrasileiros e 33 de xantodermas provenientes do arquivo da Disciplina de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - Universidade de São Paulo. As três amostras foram constituídas de indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada e foram divididas por gênero para facilitar a comparação. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se: análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA), teste t e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA). Resultados: Encontrou-se diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre as etnias apenas para o ângulo nasolabial no gênero masculino, apresentando os nipobrasileiros um valor intermediário entre os xantodermas e leucodermas. Conclusão: As amostras apresentaram características semelhantes para as variáveis estudadas, já que apenas o ângulo nasolabial no gênero masculino apresentou diferença estatística significante. / Introduction: McNamara Jr.s cephalometric analysis is an aiding means to diagnose dental and skeletal discrepancies and is widely used, as it provides a guiding diagnosis for surgical procedures to be performed or for the use of functional devices. Quite a few studies have already showed that different ethnic groups have different cephalometric patterns. Thus, single characteristics should be respected as to support the diagnosis and help the treatment plan for different ethnic groups and their different patterns of miscegenation. Objective: Obtain mean normal values used in the cephalometric analysis of McNamara Jr. for adolescent Japanese-Brazilian descents with normal occlusion and also compared this sample with similar samples of Brazilian-Whites and Brazilian-Japaneses. Methods: Cephalometric films were used from 40 Brazilian-Whites, 32 Japanese-Brazilians and 33 Brazilian- Japaneses descents from the file of the Orthodontic Department of Dental School of Bauru University of São Paulo. The three samples were composed of individuals with normal occlusion and pleasant profile and were divided into genders to help the comparison. The data were statistically analyzed by using the ANOVA, t test and ANCOVA. Results: There was significant difference between Brazilian-Whites, Japanese-Brazilians and Brazilian-Japaneses descents only at the lip-nasal angle of males. Japanese-Brazilians descents displayed an intermediate value between Brazilian-Whites and Brazilian-Japaneses. Conclusion: The samples presented similar characteristics in the studied variables and only showed a significant statistical difference at the lip-nasal angle for males.

Introdução: Em virtude da miscigenação populacional que ocorre no Brasil, os diferentes grupos étnicos podem apresentar estruturas esqueléticas craniofaciais e tegumentares distintas. Nesse sentido, estudos devem ser estabelecidos para suportar o diagnóstico e facilitar o plano de tratamento entre as diferentes raças e seus diferentes padrões de miscigenação. Objetivo: Determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas tegumentares e esqueléticas de jovens brasileiros mestiços nipo-brasileiros, com oclusão normal descendentes de japoneses e brasileiros e comparar os resultados das variáveis com amostras compatíveis de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipo-brasileiros e 33 de xantodermas. As três amostras apresentavam indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada. Devido às características do tecido mole e para facilitar a comparação, as amostras foram divididas por gênero. Foram realizados os testes estatísticos: análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA), teste t e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA). Resultados: Encontrou-se diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre as três raças em 17 variáveis para o gênero feminino e 15 para o gênero masculino. Essas variáveis evidenciaram menor espessura na região do násio; menor nariz e biprotrusão labial para as meninas nipobrasileiras em relação aos leucodermas e maior espessura na região da glabela; menor espessura na região do násio; maior espessura do lábio inferior e da região supramentoniana e padrão esquelético facial mais vertical para os meninos nipobrasileiros. Conclusão: As meninas nipo-brasileiras apresentaram características mais similares com a amostra xantoderma e os meninos nipo-brasileiros apresentaram valores numericamente intermediários, com algumas variáveis com maior similaridade com os leucodermas e outras com os xantodermas. Conseqüentemente fica evidente que essa raça miscigenada necessita de normas de tecido mole específicas. / Introduction: Remaining the diverse population in Brazil, the different ethnic groups can present unique skeletal and soft tissue measurements. Studies must be established to support orthodontics diagnostic and treatment plans between different races and different standards. Objective: Obtain mean normal values to soft tissue and skeletal cephalometric variables for Japanese-Brazilian and compare the values between Mediterranean, Japanese-Brazilian and Japanese descents. Methods: Cephalometric films were obtained from 40 Mediterranean, 32 Japanese-Brazilian and 33 Japanese adolescents. Only subjects with normal occlusion and well-balanced faces were selected. The variables were separately compared for males and females. ANCOVA, ANOVA and t tests were performed to compare the groups. Results: There were significant differences between the Mediterranean, Japanese-Brazilian and Japanese population in several variables tested for both sexes ( P<.05). The Japanese-Brazilian female have more protrusive lips, smaller nose and smaller nasion thickness when compared to the Caucasian sample and the Japanese-Brazilian male have greater glabellas thickness, smaller nasion thickness, greater lower lips and B point thickness and greater facial convexity. Conclusions: Japanese-Brazilian females showed more similarity characteristics to Japanese sample and males had numerically intermediate values with some variables been more similar to Mediterranean and other with the Japanese. Consequently, Japanese-Brazilian descents need a specific soft tissue standard.

Introdução: A análise cefalométrica de McNamara Jr. é um meio auxiliar para o diagnóstico das discrepâncias dentoesqueléticas e amplamente utilizada, principalmente porque fornece um diagnóstico orientador dos procedimentos cirúrgicos a serem realizados ou à utilização de aparelhos funcionais. Muitos trabalhos já demonstraram que diferentes etnias apresentam padrões cefalométricos distintos. Nesse sentido, as características próprias dos indivíduos devem ser respeitadas, para suportar o diagnóstico e facilitar o plano de tratamento entre as diferentes etnias e seus diferentes padrões de miscigenação. Objetivo: Determinar os valores médios de normalidade das grandezas cefalométricas relacionadas à análise de McNamara Jr. de jovens mestiços nipobrasileiros, com oclusão normal, descendentes de japoneses e brasileiros e comparar os resultados das variáveis com amostras de jovens brasileiros leucodermas e xantodermas que apresentem as mesmas características. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizadas 40 telerradiografias de jovens leucodermas, 32 de nipobrasileiros e 33 de xantodermas provenientes do arquivo da Disciplina de Ortodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru - Universidade de São Paulo. As três amostras foram constituídas de indivíduos com oclusão normal e face bem balanceada e foram divididas por gênero para facilitar a comparação. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando-se: análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA), teste t e a análise de covariância (ANCOVA). Resultados: Encontrou-se diferença estatística (p<0,05) entre as etnias apenas para o ângulo nasolabial no gênero masculino, apresentando os nipobrasileiros um valor intermediário entre os xantodermas e leucodermas. Conclusão: As amostras apresentaram características semelhantes para as variáveis estudadas, já que apenas o ângulo nasolabial no gênero masculino apresentou diferença estatística significante. / Introduction: McNamara Jr.s cephalometric analysis is an aiding means to diagnose dental and skeletal discrepancies and is widely used, as it provides a guiding diagnosis for surgical procedures to be performed or for the use of functional devices. Quite a few studies have already showed that different ethnic groups have different cephalometric patterns. Thus, single characteristics should be respected as to support the diagnosis and help the treatment plan for different ethnic groups and their different patterns of miscegenation. Objective: Obtain mean normal values used in the cephalometric analysis of McNamara Jr. for adolescent Japanese-Brazilian descents with normal occlusion and also compared this sample with similar samples of Brazilian-Whites and Brazilian-Japaneses. Methods: Cephalometric films were used from 40 Brazilian-Whites, 32 Japanese-Brazilians and 33 Brazilian- Japaneses descents from the file of the Orthodontic Department of Dental School of Bauru University of São Paulo. The three samples were composed of individuals with normal occlusion and pleasant profile and were divided into genders to help the comparison. The data were statistically analyzed by using the ANOVA, t test and ANCOVA. Results: There was significant difference between Brazilian-Whites, Japanese-Brazilians and Brazilian-Japaneses descents only at the lip-nasal angle of males. Japanese-Brazilians descents displayed an intermediate value between Brazilian-Whites and Brazilian-Japaneses. Conclusion: The samples presented similar characteristics in the studied variables and only showed a significant statistical difference at the lip-nasal angle for males.

Orientador: Jose Eduardo Tanus dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T19:43:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Muniz_JaquelineJoice_M.pdf: 1631017 bytes, checksum: 07857094129c2a3044916bda7b45c0d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O Fator de Crescimento Endotelial Vascular (VEGF, ou também conhecido como VEGF-A), é uma glicoproteína homodimérica de 45KDa que é produzida principalmente em células endoteliais em condições de hipóxia. VEGF leva a proliferação, migração e sobrevivência de células endoteliais; desenvolve um papel importante na regulação da permeabilidade vascular e angiogênese, tanto fisiológica como fisiopatológica, além de outras atividades biológicas, como vasodilatação, vasculogênese e homeostase vascular. Enquanto muitos SNPs (polimorfismos de base única) estão presentes no gene do VEGF, três SNPs clinicamente significantes localizados na região promotora do gene (C-2578A, G-1154A e G-634C) têm sido associados a várias doenças cardiovasculares. Porém associações inconsistentes entre esses polimorfismos e doenças cardiovasculares têm sido encontradas. Essas diferenças podem ser uma conseqüência da diversidade étnica, que leva a uma distribuição desproporcional dos variantes do gene do VEGF entre grupos étnicos. Embora alguns estudos sugiram que haja uma diferença na distribuição destes SNPs, nenhum estudo prévio analisou esta hipótese em populações miscigenadas. Nós analisamos a distribuição destes três SNPs em 175 brancos e 185 negros brasileiros, avaliamos também a distribuição haplotípica e a associação entre as variantes desses SNPs. O alelo C-2578 e o alelo G-1154 foram mais comuns em indivíduos negros do que brancos (71% e 61%, respectivamente), enquanto para o SNP G-634C não houve diferença quanto a frequência alélica e genotípica entre os dois grupos étnicos. O haplótipo contendo os alelos C-2578/G-1154/G-634 foi o mais comum em ambos grupos étnicos e também o mais freqüente em negros comparados a brancos. O haplótipo contendo os alelos C-2578/A-1154/C-634 e o haplótipo contendo os alelos C-2578/A-1154/G-634 foram mais frequentes em indivíduos brancos do que em negros. Estes resultados mostraram diferenças na distribuição de variantes genéticas e haplótipos do gene do VEGF relevantes clinicamente quando brancos e negros são comparados. Estas diferenças podem explicar, no mínimo em parte, os resultados inconsistentes em estudos de associação desses SNPs com doenças cardiovasculares e, as diferenças interétnicas na suscetibilidade a doenças cardiovasculares / Abstract: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF, or also known as VEGF-A) is a homodimeric glycoprotein of 45kDa produced mostly in endothelial cells in hypoxic conditions. VEGF leads to proliferation, migration and survival of endothelial cells, plays an important role in regulating vascular permeability and angiogenesis, both physiological and pathophysiological and other biological characteristics such as vasodilation, vasculogenesis and vascular homeostasis. While many Single Nucleotides Polimporphisms (SNPs) are present in the VEGF gene, three clinically significant SNPs in the promoter region of the gene (C-2578A, G-1154A and G-634C) have been associated with cardiovascular diseases, however inconsistent associations have been found between these polymorphisms and cardiovascular diseases. These differences may be a consequence of ethnic diversity, which leads to a distinct distribution of VEGF gene variants between ethnic groups. Although some studies suggest difference in the distribution of these SNPs, no previous study has examined this hypothesis in admixed populations. We examined the distribution of these three SNPs in 175 white and 185 black Brazilian subjects, we have also evaluated haplotype distribution and the association between variants of these SNPs. The C-2578 and G-1154 alleles were more frequent in black subjects than in white (71% and 61% respectively), while for the G-634C SNP no differences in allele and genotype frequencies were found between the two ethnic groups. The haplotype containing the alleles C-2578/G-1154/ G-634 was the most common in both ethnic groups and was more common in blacks compared to whites. The haplotype containing the alleles C-2578/A-1154/C-634 and the haplotype containing the alleles C-2578/A-1154/G-634 were more frequent in whites compared to blacks. These results showed differences in the distribution of clinically relevant genetic variants and haplotypes of VEGF gene when whites and blacks are compared. These differences may explain, at least in part, the inconsistent results in studies of association of these SNPs with cardiovascular disease, and ethnic disparities in susceptibility to cardiovascular disease / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia

This study aims to explore the critical success factors of Jewish entrepreneurs in South Africa. The primary purpose of this study was to determine what elements contribute to the success of Jewish entrepreneurs and what causes these elements.In doing so, these entrepreneurs were classified into two groups, namely successful and less successful.For the purpose of this study success was measured using two variables:1. Turnover 2. GrowthTurnover - for the purpose of this study an annual turnover of R2 000 000 was used as an indicator to classify the different companies into successful and less successful. If a company turned over more than R 2 000 000 then it fell into the successful category and vice versa.Growth - growth was measured by the increase/decrease of three employees from the companies’ inception until its current state.It was evident that culture plays an extremely important role in this study which was confirmed by the literature. The co-ethnic ties within the Jewish community are extremely strong and are a major contributing factor.Information was gathered via the means of a questionnaire consisting of 28 questions. 50 questionnaires were sent out and 32 were received back. From these 32 responses, the author extracted the relevant information.The author discovered that Jewish people in South Africa are an ethnic minority and was unable to pinpoint an exact reason for the success of Jewish entrepreneurs in South Africa. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Research indicates that Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is associated with a poor self-concept and high levels of anxiety (peens et al., 2004; Piek et al., 2000; Skinner & Piek, 2001). Research also substantiates that participation in a well planned motor intervention programme can enhance the self-concept of a child with DCD (Colchico et al., 2005). Literature further indicates that DCD is associated with neuro-motor problems which may vary in severity (Sigmundsson & Hopkins, 2005). It is further indicated that more boys than girls are diagnosed with DCD and also that, in general, boys have a higher self-concept than girls (Maldonado-Duran, 2002; Stein et al., 1998). The aim of this study was firstly, to determine the influence of DCD on the self-concept and anxiety of 7-9 year old children in the Potchefstroom district. Secondly, the study aimed to determine whether gender and the ethnic group of DCD children have an effect on the success of different intervention programmes. A third aim was to determine whether a motor based intervention programme, a self-concept enhancing programme or a combination of the two (psycho-motor intervention programme) would have the best effect on enhancing children's self-concept and motor proficiency. Lastly, the study attempted to determine whether neuro-motor problems could have a negative influence on an intervention programme for DCD children. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency (BOTMP-SF), Sensory Input Measurement Instrument (SIM) and Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST) were used to determine children's motor proficiency as well as possible neuro-motor problems. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Child Form) (TSCS-CF) and Child Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to determine the children's self-concept and anxiety respectively. One way variance of analysis, repeated measures analysis, independent t-testing, co-variance of analysis as well as correlational coefficients (r) were conducted, using the Statistica computer package in order to analyze the data according to the above-mentioned aims. A p-value of smaller than or equal to 0.05 was accepted as a significant difference. From the results of the study it seemed that the self-concept and anxiety of randomly selected 7-9 year old children (N=58) diagnosed with DCD are negatively influenced and that girls are more vulnerable to these influences. Repeated measure analyses over a period of one year showed that of the three programmes the motor intervention programme showed the best results at improving the children's motor proficiency while, on the other hand, the psychomotor intervention programme improved their self-concept most. Ethnic group and gender did not have a significant effect on the success of intervention programmes. Lastly, it was found that underlying neuro-motor problems could influence the effect of an intervention programme negatively. It is clear from this study that DCD has a negative effect on children, but that participation in a well planned intervention programme will have positive effects on both their motor proficiency and self-concept. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.