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Zugl.: @Lausanne, Univ., Diss., 2007. / SIEC = Significant Impediment to Effective Competition. SLC = Substiantial Lessening of Competition.

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Zugl.: Regensburg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

Disputats. Rheinische Friedrick-Wilhelms-Universität, 2002. / Haves kun i elektronisk udg.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur socialsekreterare tolkar begreppet uppehållsrätt när EU-medborgare ansöker om försörjningsstöd. Intersektionellt perspektiv användes för att belysa maktförhållanden mellan socialsekreterare som representatner för svenska myndigheter och klienter med utländsk härkomst. I studien användes domar från svenska förvaltningsrätter som analyserades med kvalitativ diskursanalys. Resultat kategoriserades in i kategorier som rörde socialsekreteres tolkningar av uppehållsrätten, omständigheter avgörande för bedömning av uppehållsrätten och socialsekreterares tolkningar av EU-medborgares rätt till försörjningsstöd. Data om EU-medborgares medborgarskap och kön samlades in för att undersöka deras eventuella påverkan på utfall av ansökan om försörjningsstöd. Analys av resultat visade signifikant inkonsekvens i såväl socialsekreterares tolkningar av uppehållsrätten som i tillämpning av relevanta lagar. EU-medborgares rättigheter till försörjningsstöd nekades på grund av att EU-medborgare bedömdes vara "ekonomiskt icke aktiva personer" eller inte ansågs ha "en verklig möjlighet till att få anställning". Varken EU-medborgares medborgarskap eller kön kunde kopplas till utfall av deras ansökan om försörjningsstöd. / The purpose of this study was to examine how social workers interpret right of residence when EU-citizens apply for social assistance by claiming their residential rights. The intersectional perspective was used as a theoretical approach in order to illustrate power relationship between social workers as representatives for Swedish authorities and clients of foreign origin. Using appeal documents from Swedish administrative courts as a study material and a qualitative discourse analysis as a data collection method the results were classified into categories concerning social workers’ interpretations of right of residence, circumstances considered by social workers as crucial for right of residence and social workers interpretations of EU-citizens’ entitlement to social assistance. Data regarding EU-citizens’ nationalities and gender were collected in order to identify their possible influence on outcome of their applications. Analysis of results identified a significant inconsistency in social workers’ interpretations of right of residence as well as in application of the law. EU-citizens’ entitlement to social assistance was denied on terms of EU-citizens being “economically inactive persons” or not having “a real chance to get an employment”. Neither EU-citizens nationalities nor gender could be linked to outcomes of their applications for social assistance.

The free movement of the Roma minority has become questioned within the European Union. This study seeks to understand why this question has reached disproportionally importance in comparison to the number of Roma migrants within the union, and to understand the great attention given to the question. Based on the Copenhagen’s school of securitization, the purpose of this study is to show how this magnification of the question occurs due to the framing of the Roma migrants as a security problem. Focusing on the speech act of the securitization theory, this paper contains a study of political actor’s statements concerning Roma migrants. Using a framing methodology combined with the conditions for a successful securitization, speeches and statements are analyzed to determine how the Roma migrants are framed as societal threats in politics of France, Sweden and the European Commission. The result of the study show that a securitization has taken place in French politics, similar signs of the beginning of the securitizing process can be found in the Swedish political discourse. The Commission’s speech act concern the member states treatment of the Roma migrants, and especially the questioning of their right to free movement.

Inom EU har det sedan länge funnits en strävan att harmonisera skattesatser gällande moms mellan medlemsländerna. För 2015 har en ny momsregel trätt i kraft med syftet att långsiktigt skapa en mer rättvis konkurrens på marknaden inom EU. Motivet bakom regeln bottnar i s.k. strategisk momsplacering, vilket många storföretag inom IT ägnat sig åt. Företag har lokaliserat försäljningsverksamheter i länder där momssatserna varit väldigt låga och därmed kraftigt kunnat hålla nere skatteinbetalningarna. Med den nya regeln förändras regelverket gällande inbetalning av moms vid försäljning av elektroniska varor och tjänster till privatpersoner. Vid fortsatt försäljning av dessa varor ska moms betalas in till det land där konsumenten är bosatt. Den här studien har utifrån statistisk sekundärdata av omsättningsnivåer för relevant bransch, sökt finna ett samband mellan omsättning och valda variabler utifrån premisserna för den nya momsregeln. Detta har genomförts för ett urval av Europeiska länder. De mest framhävande analyserna har berört momssatsernas påverkan på dessa omsättningsnivåer. En tydlig ståndpunkt bakom motivet för den nya momslagen är att företagens lokaliseringsbeslut tidigare bestämts utefter momssatser. Med hjälp av ekonometrisk teori och regressionsanalyser har detta påstående försökts bemötas på bästa möjliga sätt. Resultaten från denna studie pekar på att ett sådant samband funnits. Lokaliseringsbeslut för företag som säljer ovannämnda varor och tjänster har påverkats av momssatser. Motivet bakom regeln går att styrka utifrån resultaten av denna studie. Samtliga omsättningsnivåer för undersökta länder har uppvisat ett statistiskt signifikant beroende av momssatser för undersökta perioder. / For a long time there has been an ambition to harmonize VAT rates among the member states within the EU. In 2015, a new VAT rule was introduced in order to realize this ambition and create a fairer competition within the market of EU. This new rule has been introduced due to strategically decisions made by companies dealing with VAT. Sales activities of larger corporations have been located in countries within the EU where the VAT rates have been very low, and thereby been able to pay low taxes. Along with the new VAT rule, the rules of payment with VAT concerning sales of electronic goods and services to individuals will change. VAT due to sales activities of these goods will be paid to the country of the consumer. This study has by statistical secondary data of relevant business tried to find a connection of the premises of this new VAT rule and turnover levels by a selection of European countries. Analyzes which concerns VAT, especially VAT rates in the different countries has been of major interest to analyze in this study. The new rule clearly state that corporation selling electronic goods today decide the location of sales activities with respect to VAT rates, and in this study that statement has been investigated with help of econometrical theory and regression analysis. The results of this study did indicate that such a link exists. The location decisions made by these companies are determined along with VAT rates. Therefore the motive behind the rule is justified based on the results of this study. The turnover levels for each country have all shown a statistically significant dependent of VAT rates for the investigated time periods.

The promising agenda of the EU-Russia strategic partnership has resulted in mutual frustration manifested in continuous crises between the partners. This study explores possibilities for political transformation in the EU-Russia relationship. In search of the key to understanding this complex relationship, I develop a three-fold argument. First, an ongoing crisis in EU-Russia cooperation cannot be understood without revealing the underlying problem of tension between the subjects’ autonomy and their ability to cooperate. Second, this problem produces a paradoxical form of “autonomous cooperation,” imposing limits on the prospects for political transformation in the EU-Russia relationship. Third, Bakhtin’s dialogism holds a significant potential to re-imagine the contradictions of autonomous cooperation in an alternative relational way. Despite the existence of a considerable body of literature on EU-Russia cooperation, little work has been done to investigate the connection between the intricacies of political discourse and problems in EU-Russia cooperation. By drawing on Bakhtin’s account of a “dialogic imagination,” I develop a model, which exposes the processes of mutual constitution of the Self and the Other. This dialogic model reveals that in their political statements, both the EU and Russia privilege the pattern of autonomy or cooperation. The partners produce prevalent discursive practices that reinforce these contradictory patterns of autonomy and cooperation, systematically inflicting crises in the EU-Russia relationship. By establishing dialogic connections between the chosen political statements, the model demonstrates that Russia and the EU co-create perceived differences between each other, isolate each other or try to form an autonomous, self-sufficient Self through imposition, self-exclusion, resistance or dominance. This model, I argue, permits an alternative vision of contemporary trends and possible futures for the EU-Russia relationship as an exemplar of an international relationship viewed through a dialogic lens. My study is also relevant under the conditions of ongoing conflicts in EU-Russia cooperation, which expose the inability of the partners to cooperate effectively. I conclude with practical implications for the partners to overcome the current stalemate. In Bakhtin’s words: “When dialogue ends, everything ends. Thus dialogue, by its very essence, cannot and must not come to an end.” / Graduate