Issuing soft law instruments on the enforcement of abuse of a dominant position in different competition law systems has never been a global trend in the last decade than before. In the European Union (EU), the European Commission published the “Guidance on the Commission's Enforcement Priorities in Applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to Abusive Exclusionary Conduct by Dominant Undertakings” (the Guidance) in February 2009 as yet the final formal stage during the “modernisation” of Art.102 TFEU. As an official candidate for EU membership, Turkey is unlikely to distance itself from the developments in the EU. Within this context, “Guidelines on the Assessment of Abusive Exclusionary Conduct by Dominant Undertakings” (the Guidelines on Art.6) were published on April 7, 2014. Evident from their structure and substantive content, the Guidelines on Art.6 are closely modelled on the Guidance. Although the transposition of the Guidance into Turkish competition law seems prima facie desirable in terms of the harmonisation of Turkey's domestic competition law with the EU acquis, the question as to whether the Guidelines on Art.6 have suited to Turkey's own needs gains significance. Despite being the first secondary legislation on Art.6 of the Act on the Protection of Competition 1994 in Turkey, a lack of much-needed guidance on the problematic areas in the enforcement of Art.6 may well result in the Guidelines on Art.6 being a missed opportunity to establish a coherent policy on Art.6. This thesis explores whether there is a need for adopting Guidelines in relation to Art.6 in Turkish competition law, examines whether the Guidance can or should be used as a model, and finally gives reflections on how the legal regime and content of these Guidelines can be best tailored to the enforcement of Art.6 in Turkey.

This dissertation explores the role of the EU agency Frontex in the EU border regime. Contrary to the mainstream formulation in academic research which views that Frontex is a mere tool of EU member states and did not change the intergovernmental cooperation, this dissertation has pursued the agency's potential in bringing integrative effect on the regime. To this aim, this dissertation has used the sociological institutionalist approach as it provides a theoretical basis for defining the EU border regime and explaining the nature and mechanisms that Frontex has exercised to influence the regime. By looking at Frontex's activities in mobilisation of state border agencies, promotion of common standards and producing risk analysis at external borders, this research has found that Frontex has had integrative effects on the regime with certain limitations. Empirical analyses have shown that a set of procedures and mechanisms that Frontex has developed have increased the participation of state border agencies in EU's border guard activities, which implies the shift of the initial intergovernmental cooperation to a more structured form of cooperation. It has also found that, although the outcome has been unevenly spread in Europe, Frontex has acted as an agent of transfer in promoting common standards for border guard training curriculums and automated border control systems. Moreover, Frontex has effectively transformed the politically defined “risks” at the EU's external border to measureable terms at an operational level, which has enabled the classification of the EU member states. This dissertation has observed the effect of the agency's risk analysis in the policy makers' decisions. These findings conclude that, although it is still of a hybrid nature that has derived from contradicting elements between state-centric and supranational forces, Frontex has certainly changed the regime towards integration. In this context, this dissertation has enriched the understanding of institutional and organisational dynamics in a EU policy field and the role that EU agencies can play in it.

This thesis consists of a transcript and edition of Fynes Moryson's unpublished Itinerary c.1617 - 1625, with introduction, text, annotations, bibliography and index. Moryson was a gentleman traveller whose accounts of journeys undertaken in the 1590s across much of Europe as far as the Holy Land in the Ottoman Empire provide contemporary evidence of secular and religious institutions, ceremonies, customs, manners, and national characteristics. The first part of Moryson's Itinerary was published in 1617. Some of the second part was transcribed in 1903 by Charles Hughes as Shakespeare's Europe, but this is the first transcript and edition of the whole manuscript. The work has involved investigation of the historical, classical and geographical sources available to Moryson, of Elizabethan secretary hand, and of travel writing as a form of primitive anthropology. Moryson emerges as a subjective observer full of the political and religious preconceptions of the age, capable of acute insight but often unsystematic and unscientific in the assembly and presentation of his information.

Kirchtürme und Zunfthäuser, Marktplätze und enge – oft verdreckte – Gassen zeichnen unser modernes Bild der mittelalterlichen Stadt. Dieser „Ort“ war Forum und Zentrum des mittelalterlichen Lebens, dessen Vielfalt und Komplexität sich für uns wie durch ein Brennglas beobachten lässt. Dieser Band in der Reihe „Perspektiven historischen Denkens“ thematisiert die „städtische Freiheit“ unter geschichtsdidaktischen Aspekten. Junge Autorinnen und Autoren stellen hierin schülerzentrierte und narrative Lernarrangements vor, die mit quellengestützten Arbeitsmaterialien multiperspektivische Zugänge zur Thematik „Freiheit am Beispiel der mittelalterlichen Stadt“ (RLP Berlin-Brandenburg) ermöglichen. Vorweg gestellte Informationstexte gestatten den Lehrerinnen und Lehrern einen leichtverständlich und fachlich fundierten Einblick in die Thematik und lohten das methodisch-didaktische Potential der Lernarrangements aus. Im sich anschließenden Materialteil können Sie als Lehrkraft aus dem breiten Text- und Bildfundus eine für ihren individuellen Unterricht angepasste Auswahl treffen und ihre Schüler für einen kurzweiligen und handlungsorientierten Unterricht begeistern.

Im Mittelpunkt des fünften Bandes der Reihe Perspektiven historischen Denkens und Lernens steht eine Epoche des Umbruchs und des Überganges, die Frühe Neuzeit. Traditionelle historische Begriffe werden auf den Prüfstand neuerer Forschungsansätze gestellt. Der französischen Revolution werden neue Aspekte beigefügt, wie die Mentalitätsgeschichte. Auch die Amerikanische Revolution nimmt einen gebührenden Platz ein. Ganz neue Facetten der Geschichte enthält das abschließende Kapitel zur Kulturgeschichte. / In the centre of the fifth volume of the book series “Perspectives of Historical Thinking and Learning” we find an era of changes and upheaval, the early modern age. Traditional historic concepts are being analysed and based on current approaches of this field of research. New aspects are being added to the French Revolution, like the history of mentality. Also the American Revolution claims her due position. The final chapter presents us with some fully new facings of history.

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This research is an examination of the impact of gender quotas in EU legislative bodies, analyzing data regarding the increase of women in national governments since quota implementation. This paper analyzes and compares the results of four case studies: France, Spain, Romania and Slovenia. The data is analyzed relative to their respective histories, cultures and political systems. The sources used for obtaining numerical data are government/EU documents, other academic work, and newspaper articles that have been published on the subject. Due to the limited scope of the research, the purpose is not to draw any definite, far-reaching conclusions about gender quotas in European Union legislatures. Rather, it is a demonstration of the knowledge acquired in conducting the research and how it may be pertinent to further research.

The research question this thesis asks is what accounts for the intra state variation of mosque building projects in Western Europe, using as case studies Britain, France, Germany and the Netherlands. Two mosque projects are considered in each case study state and two theories are proposed and tested: resources mobilization theory and opportunity structure theory.

To establish the whole capital market and to insure the secure international financial system, European Union has concentrated and improved the international trade policies, international competition and integration of Europe, including the corporate governance. Because of the perceived ability to balance alternative interests with the firm, the Dutch structure is considered by many as a prototype for the European Union. Moreover, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission has closely followed the Dutch ¡§experience¡¨ in self-regulation. The purpose of this study is to probe the European and Dutch corporate governance structure and principles, than order the suggestions for Taiwanese companies to improve their corporate governance.

No description available.