We examined the effects of keeping hand actions in working memory on the speed of naming handled objects. The features of the hand action and objects’ handle matched or mismatched on two dimensions: alignment (left vs. right), orientation (horizontal vs. vertical). For objects presented in their canonical upright position, the speed of naming was only slower when the actions were partially incongruent with the target object. For rotated objects, the effect was reversed. The pattern of results suggests that the identification system is more sensitive to the functional goal (i.e. the end state) of the rotated object in evoking action representations than the actions evoked by the depicted view (i.e. the beginning state). The findings, overall, strongly support the notion that action representations play a functional role in object identification. / Graduate / 0633 / 0623 / tlin23@gmail.com

Problem: Enligt statistik förlorar turistmässor i antalet utställare och besökare, de blir överlag mindre varje år. Vi började med att se detta problem hos TUR-mässan i Göteborg och genom denna studie valde vi att jämföra med andra liknande turistmässor för att se om detta var ett problem som idag präglade Skandinaviska mässor. Eftersom mässor bidrar till turism på den platsen den genomförs och turistmässor bidrar till ökad turism överlag blir detta ett mer omfattande problem än enbart för arrangörerna bakom mässan. Det grundläggande problemet i denna studie är att se om minskade siffror tyder på att mässor är ett utdöende koncept, så kallad mässdöd. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad tidigare utställare på TUR-mässan anser om en nedåtgående trend hos mässan. Det är även att kartlägga hur turistmässorna själva arbetar med att utveckla sin mässa och hur de ser på de sjunkande siffrorna. Metod: För att svara på studiens frågeställningar har dels en enkätundersökning genomförts men även intervjuer av olika slag samt insamling av sekundärdata. Studiens forskningsstrategi bygger på en fallstudie samt en metodologisk triangulering. För att analysera har kategorisering valts som metod. Slutsats: Det går att konstatera att de tidigare utställare på TUR märkbart ser denna minskning som siffrorna tyder på. Mässorna själva anser dock inte att detta är en negativ utveckling utan ser istället ljust på framtiden och betonar att kvalitet går framför kvantitet. Vi anser dock att siffrorna bör ses som en varningssignal med tanke på utgången för den nedlagda mässan Reiseliv.

High profit (low volume) products are very attractive economically, and are influencing the direction of manufacture towards product based batch processes. One new system which has a great deal of potential is a "pipeless" plant, in which the reactor moves to different areas of the plant where heating, agitation etc. takes place. There are obvious advantages in its use in providing a means of quickly responding to fast market changes while maintaining high product quality with reduced waste. The basic concept has been successfully demonstrated with several production plants already in operation, mainly in Japan. Nevertheless the safety issues associated with pipeless plants have not been dealt with. Three main areas of further work have been identified in the safe design of computer controlled pipeless batch plants: process, computer control, and scheduling safety. In essence it is a batch process that is carried out, and therefore entails all the safety issues associated with a batch process, such as the sharing of resources. As with all new processes, it is necessary to identify and eliminate as many hazards as possible at the design stage. Computers can introduce hazards as well as benefits. There is extensive use of computer control in automated pipeless plants, and the primary manner in which problems occur is through hardware and software failures. Possible hazards need to be identified and eliminated at the design stage, without losing the benefits of plant flexibility and speed of product changeover. Scheduling is usually concerned with optimum product output, and does not consider safety. One of the biggest problems with moving reactors is collisions. To overcome, or minimise the possibility of this problem, the plant layout and schedule require careful consideration. Simulation is a very useful tool for demonstrating the interaction between the two. The aim of this research is to develop an integrated approach to hazard identification and safety requirement specification. The results of which should be a methodology that allows the user to produce a safe design for an economically attractive pipeless plant for batch processes.

Events are a growing channel for companies and organizations to reach out to their customers. The com-munication channel opens up to satisfy all human senses. Which are required for a message to go into the receiver and be memorized. The research gap we decided to contribute to we made a case study of an event that is not sport related and looking at both the transmitter perspective and receiver perspective. Thus, the purpose of our study is to increase the understanding of how the transmitter should be able to convey the purpose and goal of the event to the receiver. Using an event to create an experience that mediate the mes-sage from the transmitter to the receiver and creates a relationship with the company or organization. To carry out our study we have used mixed methods with a pragmatic approach. We conducted a qualitative semi-structured interview with a project manager for an event. Based on the informant's response, we creat-ed a quantitative, structured survey to find out how visitors was reached by the sender's message. We also did additional qualitative observations when we collected the above mentioned data. Our theoretical frame-work consists of five main areas. Event, message, experience, project planning and relationship building. The results of our study shows that the sender's message is to deliver a fun evening that will lead to new relationships created with the company. The message reaches the receiver but based on our theory, there is opportunity for improvement to reach better results. The event needs to have a clearer time perspective for the event which should be communicated in the agenda for the event. The event need a clearer connection to the company's main goals in the event to enhance relationships with the company. The event should have a defined project organization who together can shape the message and goal clearer and transmit it to the rest of the working group, which can lead to better transition of the message to the visitors. Based on our theoretical framework and our case study we created a developed communications model adapted for the communication channel event.

With the increasing growth of cultural events both in Australia and internationally, there has also been an increase in event management studies; in theory and in practice. Although a series of related knowledge and skills required specifically by event managers has already been identified by many researchers (Perry et al., 1996; Getz, 2002 & Silvers et al., 2006) and generic event management models proposed, including ‘project management’ strategies in an event context (Getz, 2007), knowledge gaps still exist in relation to identifying specific types of events, especially for not-for-profit arts events. For events of a largely voluntary nature, insufficient resources are recognised as the most challenging; including finance, human resources and infrastructure. Therefore, the concepts and principles which are adopted by large scale commercial events may not be suitable for not-for-profit arts events aiming at providing professional network opportunities for artists. Building partnerships are identified as a key strategy in developing an effective event management model for this type of event. Using the 2008 World Dance Alliance Global Summit (WDAGS) in Brisbane 13-18 July, as a case study, the level, nature and relationship of key partners are investigated. Data is triangulated from interviews with organisers of the 2008 WDAGS, on-line and email surveys of delegates, participant observation and analysis of formal and informal documents, to produce a management model suited to this kind of event.

Events provide opportunities for communities to socialise, interact and to enjoy a sense of mutual celebration. However, special interest events offer other opportunities for recreation, and for the development of skills, identities and knowledge. Events such as car shows, Sci-fi conventions and Elvis festivals have large numbers of participants, as well as spectators, who have specialised needs and characteristics. This thesis uses a series of five published studies to examine the participants at special interest events and further to understand their characteristics and behaviours. The studies employ a mixed method approach to explore participants at a total of eleven events in Australia. In the first of these studies a spectrum of events is developed to explain the diversity of events in a region, as related to the special interest of participants. The study used a mixed method methodology to examine the differences between audiences at nine events in the Tweed Valley of NSW. The results were used to focus the study more on events that target serious participants.The second study was published as a conceptual paper, providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for the study of serious participants of leisure, recreation and events. The paper posits a model of serious participants (SerPa) for use and refinement in subsequent studies. Papers 3 and 4 explore serious participants at two feature events in Australia, the Wintersun Festival in Coolangatta, and the Elvis Revival Festival in Parkes. Drawing on the serious leisure framework proposed by Stebbins (2001), and other leisure and tourism research, the study explored the characteristics and behaviours of serious participants at these events. Ethnographic methods were used to gain insight into behaviours, through participant observation at the events. The findings further develop the SerPa model, but also identify other themes that are relevant to leisure and event management and marketing. Paper 5 explores the social connections of serious participants made on the Internet, and identifies their relationship to travel planning and events. The study utilised ethnographic methods adapted to the Internet, to identify and discuss the social characteristics of serious participants as fans of Lord of the Rings, and the processes used to collaborate toward travel planning.The study demonstrates the significance of serious participants as a segment of audiences at events, highlighting their contributions to the events themselves. As participants, they make the event happen, and are perhaps more important than consumers (Getz, 2007). They are defined by what they do in their leisure time, more than who they were born as, or by their profession. They have a leisure identity that defines them, and can find support and security in the fanatical system that they subscribe to. This system is usually found in special interest clubs, on-line networks and at events. These social systems help sustain their beliefs, and provide a leisure world where they feel a sense of ‘we’. From their serious devotion and social connectivity, serious participants receive social and personal rewards, which in turn provide more stimuli to develop their skills and/or knowledge. These psycho/social characteristics result in participants searching for new challenges and new destinations, which can facilitate their needs. These are found at events that are designed specifically with serious participants in mind. The study demonstrates that identification of these market segments has important implications for the design and sustainability of events in Australia, and overseas. Additionally, it also has implications for planners and practitioners in leisure and tourism in understanding the extant links between recreation, travel and events.

Events provide opportunities for communities to socialise, interact and to enjoy a sense of mutual celebration. However, special interest events offer other opportunities for recreation, and for the development of skills, identities and knowledge. Events such as car shows, Sci-fi conventions and Elvis festivals have large numbers of participants, as well as spectators, who have specialised needs and characteristics. This thesis uses a series of five published studies to examine the participants at special interest events and further to understand their characteristics and behaviours. The studies employ a mixed method approach to explore participants at a total of eleven events in Australia. In the first of these studies a spectrum of events is developed to explain the diversity of events in a region, as related to the special interest of participants. The study used a mixed method methodology to examine the differences between audiences at nine events in the Tweed Valley of NSW. The results were used to focus the study more on events that target serious participants.The second study was published as a conceptual paper, providing a comprehensive theoretical framework for the study of serious participants of leisure, recreation and events. The paper posits a model of serious participants (SerPa) for use and refinement in subsequent studies. Papers 3 and 4 explore serious participants at two feature events in Australia, the Wintersun Festival in Coolangatta, and the Elvis Revival Festival in Parkes. Drawing on the serious leisure framework proposed by Stebbins (2001), and other leisure and tourism research, the study explored the characteristics and behaviours of serious participants at these events. Ethnographic methods were used to gain insight into behaviours, through participant observation at the events. The findings further develop the SerPa model, but also identify other themes that are relevant to leisure and event management and marketing. Paper 5 explores the social connections of serious participants made on the Internet, and identifies their relationship to travel planning and events. The study utilised ethnographic methods adapted to the Internet, to identify and discuss the social characteristics of serious participants as fans of Lord of the Rings, and the processes used to collaborate toward travel planning.The study demonstrates the significance of serious participants as a segment of audiences at events, highlighting their contributions to the events themselves. As participants, they make the event happen, and are perhaps more important than consumers (Getz, 2007). They are defined by what they do in their leisure time, more than who they were born as, or by their profession. They have a leisure identity that defines them, and can find support and security in the fanatical system that they subscribe to. This system is usually found in special interest clubs, on-line networks and at events. These social systems help sustain their beliefs, and provide a leisure world where they feel a sense of ‘we’. From their serious devotion and social connectivity, serious participants receive social and personal rewards, which in turn provide more stimuli to develop their skills and/or knowledge. These psycho/social characteristics result in participants searching for new challenges and new destinations, which can facilitate their needs. These are found at events that are designed specifically with serious participants in mind. The study demonstrates that identification of these market segments has important implications for the design and sustainability of events in Australia, and overseas. Additionally, it also has implications for planners and practitioners in leisure and tourism in understanding the extant links between recreation, travel and events.

Effective interactive computing methods are needed in a number of specific areas of geophysical interpretation, even though the basic algorithms have been established. One approach to raise the quality of interpretation is to promote better interaction between human and the computer. The thesis is concerned with improving this dialog in three areas: automatic event picking, data visualization and sparse data imaging. Fully automatic seismic event picking methods work well in relatively good conditions. They collapse when the signal-to-noise ratio is low and the structure of the subsurface is complex. The interactive seismic event picking system described here blends the interpreter's guidance and judgment into the computer program, as it can bring the user into the loop to make subjective decisions when the picking problem is complicated. Several interactive approaches for 2-D event picking and 3-D horizon tracking have been developed. Envelope (or amplitude) threshold detection for first break picking is based on the assumption that the power of the signal is larger than that of the noise. Correlation and instantaneous phase pickers are designed for and better suited to picking other arrivals. The former is based on the cross-correlation function, and a model trace (or model traces) selected by the interpreter is needed. The instantaneous phase picker is designed to track spatial variations in the instantaneous phase of the analytic form of the arrival. The picking options implemented into the software package SeisWin were tested on real data drawn from many sources, such as full waveform sonic borehole logs, seismic reflection surveys and borehole radar profiles, as well as seven of the most recent 3-D seismic surveys conducted over Australian coal mines. The results show that the interactive picking system in SeisWin is efficient and tolerant. The 3-D horizon tracking method developed especially attracts industrial users. The visualization of data is also a part of the study, as picking accuracy, and indeed the whole of seismic interpretation depends largely on the quality of the final display. The display is often the only window through which an interpreter can see the earth's substructures. Display is a non-linear operation. Adjustments made to meet display deficiencies such as automatic gain control (AGC) have an important and yet ill-documented effect on the performance of pattern recognition operators, both human and computational. AGC is usually implemented in one dimension. Some of the tools in wide spread use for two dimensional image processing which are of great value in the local gain control of conventional seismic sections such as edge detectors, histogram equalisers, high-pass filters, shaded relief are discussed. Examples are presented to show the relative effectiveness of various display options. Conventional migration requires dense arrays with uniform coverage and uniform illumination of targets. There are, however, many instances in which these ideals can not be approached. Event migration and common tangent plane stacking procedures were developed especially for sparse data sets as a part of the research effort underlying this thesis. Picked-event migration migrates the line between any two points on different traces on the time section to the base map. The interplay between the space and time domain gives the interpreter an immediate view of mapping. Tangent plane migration maps the reflector by accumulating the energy from any two possible reflecting points along the common tangent lines on the space plane. These methods have been applied to both seismic and borehole-radar data and satisfactory results have been achieved.

Zugl.: Leipzig, Handelshochsch., Diss., 2008.

Zugl.: Innsbruck, Univ., Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Brunner-Sperdin, Alexandra: Qualitätsmanagement in der Erlebnisökonomie