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Environmental scanning, which acquires and use the information about event, trends, and changes in an organization¡¦s external environment, is an important process in the strategic management of an organization and permits the organization to quickly adapt to the changes of its external environment. Event detection that detects the onset of new events from news documents is essential to facilitating an organization¡¦s environmental scanning activity. However, traditional feature-based event detection techniques detect events by comparing the similarity between features of news stories and incur several problems. For example, for illustration and comparison purpose, a news story may contain sentences or paragraphs that are not highly relevant to defining its event. Without removing such less relevant sentences or paragraphs before detection, the effectiveness of traditional event detection techniques may suffer. In this study, we developed a summary-based event detection (SED) technique that filters less relevant sentences or paragraphs in a news story before performing feature-based event detection. Using a traditional feature-based event detection technique (i.e., INCR) as benchmark, the empirical evaluation results showed that the proposed SED technique could achieve comparable or even better detection effectiveness (measured by miss and false alarm rates) than the INCR technique, for data corpora where the percentage of news stories discussing old events is high.

In this work, the reaction scheme of the MTO process was written in terms of elementary steps and generated by means of a computer algorithm characterizing the various species by vectors and Boolean relation matrices. The number of rate parameters is very large. To reduce this number the rate parameters related to the steps on the acid sites of the catalyst were modeled in terms of transition state theory and statistical thermodynamics. Use was made of the single event concept to account for the effect of structure of reactant and activated complex on the frequency factor of the rate coefficient of an elementary step. The Evans-Polanyi relation was also utilized to account for the effect of the structure on the change in enthalpy. The structure was determined by means of quantum chemical software. The number of rate parameters of the complete reaction scheme to be determined from experimental data is thus reduced from 726 to 30. Their values were obtained from the experimental data of Abraha by means of a genetic algorithm involving the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and combined with sequential quadratic programming. The retained model yields an excellent fit of the experimental data. All the parameters satisfy the statistical tests as well as the rules of carbenium ion chemistry. The kinetic model also reproduces the experimental data of Marchi and Froment, also obtained on SAPO-34. Another set of their data was used to introduce the deactivation of the catalyst into the kinetic equations. This detailed kinetic model was used to investigate the influence of the operating conditions on the product distribution in a multi-bed adiabatic reactor with plug flow. It was further inserted into riser and fluidized bed reactor models to study the conceptual design of an MTO reactor, accounting for the strong exothermicity of the process. Multi-bed adiabatic and fluidized bed technologies show good potential for the industrial process for the conversion of methanol into olefins.

In this work, a fundamental kinetic model for the catalytic reforming process has been developed. The complex network of elementary steps and molecular reactions occurring in catalytic reforming has been generated through a computer algorithm characterizing the various species by vectors and Boolean relation matrices. The algorithm is based on the fundamental chemistry occurring on both acid and metal sites of the catalyst. Rates are expressed for each of the elementary steps involved in the transformation of the intermediates. The Hougen-Watson approach is used to express the rates of the molecular reactions occurring on the metal sites of the catalyst. The single event approach is used to account for the effect of structure of reactant and activated complex on the rate coefficients of the elementary steps occurring on the acid sites. This approach recognizes that even if the number of elementary steps is very large they belong to a very limited number of types, and therefore it is possible to express the kinetics of elementary steps by a reduced number of parameters. In addition, the single event approach leads to rate coefficients that are independent of the feedstock, due to their fundamental chemical nature. The total number of parameters at isothermal conditions is 45. To estimate these parameters, an objective function based upon the sum of squares of the residuals was minimized through the Marquardt algorithm. Intraparticle mass transport limitations and deactivation of the catalyst by coke formation are considered in the model. Both the Wilke and the Stefan-Maxwell approaches were used to calculate the concentration gradients inside of the particle. The heterogeneous kinetic model was applied in the simulation of the process for typical industrial conditions for both axial and radial flow fixed bed reactors. The influence of the main process variables on the octane number and reformate volume was investigated and optimal conditions were obtained. Additional aspects studied with the kinetic model are the reduction of aromatics, mainly benzene. The results from the simulations agree with the typical performance found in the industrial process.

Academically, the ex-dividend is a neutral event in stock market. It not only has no positive material influence on firms¡¦ value but also creates no real worth for shareholders. However, lots of prior studies indeed proved there is conspicuous abnormal return during the few of ex-dividend dates and advanced plenty of hypotheses to explain the ex-dividend effect. Based on these inferences, my study more focus on the different of ex-dividend effect on the IC industry and the individual IC enterprise with different attributes. The study period is from 1998 to 2007. The study targets are the ex-dividend events of the all IC firms in Taiwan stock market. After eliminating the samples with incomplete data and disagreement, the sum of samples is 318 ex-dividend events of the 80 firms. The result of my study has five points. First, the ex-dividend effect is existence in the IC industry and there is no distinct trend during the study period. Second, the IC design industry, IC manufacture industry and IC assembly and test industry have the apparently different ex-dividend effect. Third, the samples in the bullish market and with low PBR and MSCI weight have obviously better ex-dividend effect. Fourth, the samples with low earning growth ratio and middle stock dividend ratio have better ex-dividend effect, but not obviously. Finally, before the ex-dividend dates, the samples with low employee stock bonus ratio have better ex-dividend effect. After the ex-dividend dates, the samples with high employee stock bonus ratio contrarily have better ex-dividend effect.

¡@¡@Lewis Carroll in his Alice¡¦s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass creates in two journeys of dreams a singular space-time, in which the non-sense words, paradoxical conversations, anti-causality events, disordered time and labyrinthine space are permeated. It is, beyond doubt, a space-time of Virtual. Thus, Virtuality is the point of the thesis, and the Dream is the initial of Virtuality. The author attempts to reflect the thinking-gesture that Carroll ever develops in terms of Writing(form) and Dream (content). ¡@¡@First, Alice¡¦s story as a virtual text, demonstrates the Dream by the special language¡Xin particular Carroll¡¦s answerless riddles, the portmanteau words with meaning-implosion, and the homophones which show the displacement of sense¡Xto attack the representation of thought, allowing us to see the impotence of designation in language. Dream, functioning as the absolute difference of actuality, will not possibly be the sameness of actuality. The dream is thus not the permutation of the experience of actuality, even though they may be similar or mirrors of each other. However, this is not a representation of actuality, but a demonstration of repetition. If not, it will be mere actual, not virtual. For Carroll, Dream is a virtual field that coexists with actuality, and both virtuality and actuality should be regarded as absolute Difference, with respective reality. ¡@¡@Moreover, Alice¡¦s adventure, with its un-sequential events¡Xas the plot ¡§murdered time¡¨ in story suggests¡Xcreates a time without its chronological flowing, but a time suspended. The time is on the one hand a moment that suspensive, and is a most intensive instant on the other hand, where all the forces encounter, resonate and emit at this ultimate second. Thus, the Dream becomes a purely intensive world, and Alice is the continuum of intensities which constitutes by dynamically linked events. Plus, through the differentiating and repetition of the Dream, Alice¡¦s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass folds another book with the same title, a Double of eternal absent in actuality¡Xthe shine of virtual names by Lewis Carroll thus emerges.

This study mainly explores the declaration effect of Capital Reduction on stock price. The samples will be those listed companies which have declared the activity of Capital Reduction, and the sample period is from March 1, 2005 to August 31, 2007. We use multiple factors model (market return, stock volume variance, the net buy-and-sell ratio of foreign investment) with ADF, Ljung-Box Q and Ljung-Box Q2 to build our model, and then apply the method of event study to explain the declaration effect of Capital Reduction. As a result, this study exhibits Capital Reduction can not offer abnormal returns during the period of three days before the declaration and three days after.

<p>Syftet med den här magisteruppsatsen är att undersöka hur tillkännagivandet av företags-förvärv påverkar aktieavkastningen på ett uppköpande bolaget. Testet är begränsat till före-tag som enbart är listade på Stockholmsbörsen under perioden 1996 till 2005. För att testa onormal avkastning användes marknads modellen. Resultatet visade att tillkännagivandet av företagsförvärv har en signifikant effekt på avkastningen för aktien för det bolag som ska förvärva. Majoriteten av uppköpande bolag upplevde en negativ onormal avkastning under test perioden (100 dagar före tillkännagivandet och 100 dagar efter).</p> / <p>The purpose of this master’s thesis is to examine the effect a corporate takeover an-nouncement has on share prices for acquiring companies. The test will only involve com-panies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange during the period 1996 to 2005. To test the effect an announcement has, abnormal return for a period before and after the takeover announcement was calculated. The findings from the testing showed that takeover an-nouncements have a significantly impact on shareholder return. The majority of acquirers in the sample had negative average abnormal returns during the event period (100 days prior to the announcement and 100 day after).</p>

<p>Kan jag med design skapa en helhet för evenemanget som speglar Växjö</p><p>med närområde som värd både gentemot beställare och användare, genom</p><p>att i projektet använda design och event marketing som verktyg för att</p><p>gestalta dess kärnvärden för CoMA/Växjö för festivalen World New Music</p><p>Days 2009.</p>

The architecture of the sports stadium has evolved dramatically throughout its history. From the ancient gladiatorial arenas to the domes and retractable-roof ballparks of the 20th Century, the stadium has become an iconic and integral part of life, in our modern society. Through the globalization of sports and sporting events, such as the Olympics and World Cup, new and more exciting opportunities are being extended to those who, historically, have been without the resources or infrastructural means to support such endeavors. However, for all the excitement and optimism that accompanies the initial design and planning, the actual development of the necessary structures and support systems rarely provides the expected return on what, ultimately, becomes a staggering investment of time, money, and labor. In fact, operators have found it nearly impossible to provide for the continued operation, maintenance, and regular occupation of these facilities, thus resulting in an overwhelming burden on the local community. It is the purpose of this thesis to provide a survey of architectural precedents from selected mega-events of the last 100 years, as well as a number of other contemporary stadium projects, in an effort to fully convey the magnitude and relevancy of this issue, to identify industry trends and practical models, and more definitively present the need for an alternative approach to design. Additionally, a proposal will be put in place for more of a focus on modularity and prefabrication, in order to transform the Olympic or World Cup stadium into a less permanent element within the urban landscape. It is the hope that the systemic issues, currently associated with hosting international sporting events, may be remedied through the architecture, and ultimate disassembly, of the 21st Century stadium. Ultimately, the goal is to reduce the negative impact of such undertakings, and to aid in the realization of the inherent potential for positive change therein.