This diploma thesis focuses on project teaching method in "civic education" classes, which are focused on history. The contemporary calls for the elimination of fact and positive approach to teaching are encouraged by project teaching method. Project teaching method organises itself in a new way, so the pupils do not have to listen to a lecture, watch demonstrations, remember the information and finally reproduce the received and remembered information. The thesis is divided into two parts, of which the first one is analytical and concerns itself with the essence of project teaching method and its history and use in "civic education" classes. The author is explains how an excursion should look like and how to organise it. An important part of the analytic part is the history of the Czech nazi work-camp called Terezin. In the second practical part, the author emphasises the actual in-class use of the previous findings. The author also incorporates the topic of holocaust into curriculums of certain schools and grades. Finally an excursion which particular schools undertook is described and evaluated via a quantitative questionnaire-based research.

This Master thesis summarizes the characteristics of geological conditions in the Bohemian Karst and presents a proposal for organizing a geological excursion for lower-level gymnasium students or ninth-grade pupils to this territory. The goal of this Thesis is to set up a methodological proposal for preparing an excursion to the Bohemian Karst. It sums up the theoretical assumptions for organizing a geological excursion, lays down methodological proposals for on-site work and compiles worksheets. This Master thesis was created as a part project GA JU 065/2010/S

Hůšová J.: The Project of school science excursions around Sedlcany {\clq}qMaster Thesis``, 2009 The aim of this thesis is to show the design of science field trips which could compliment and strengthen the natural science curriculum of primary schools. The introduction deals with two issues. Firstly, the theoretical basis of science trips and the steps which should be followed is discussed. Secondly, the general natural science characteristics of the Sedlčany area are given. Four trips are described, each with its own theme : the invertibrates in the Sedlčany area, Siberny Vrch Forest, the Hus{\crq}s Pulpit natural reservation area, and the Albert Rocks natural reservation area. Each excursion comes with a teaching plan for teachers, a map and a route plan, filled-in worksheets for the teacher, and blank work sheets for students. The excursions which were executed have been evaluated. The final section contains a list of sources used, and also contains additional materials, some from existing sources, and some original ones created by me for the project, such as maps, pictures, and work sheets.

This diploma thesis is concerned with the summary of data about the wider surroundings of Kutná Hora. It offers a proposal of an excursion to this place. A general overview of methods appropriate for an excursion is included and other variants of useful activities and tasks are also suggested in this work. The main goal of this work is to provide general information about the location and suggest a number of activities other teachers may find useful when making an excursion. Supervisor: PaeDr. Václav Pavlíček Department of Biology

The work deals with molluscs as specific inhabitants of boulder sites in southern part of Křivoklátsko PLA. It discusses related questions and information sources connected with nature protection. The thesis describes molluscs as generally lesser known, but diverse group of animals with variety of ecological requirements. It shows the results of malacozoological site research performed using collection of leaf litter samples and compares them to previous works. It also examines how the topic could be incorporated in education. The work emphasizes the ecology of molluscs, whose knowledge can facilitate contextual thinking about various organisms and also is not confined to a narrow scope of biology. The thesis discusses various means of education and describes a general proposal of excursion to the place of interest. Keywords gastropods ecology excursion nature protection didactics

This thesis work is aimed at the meaning of excursion in teaching biology at secondary vocational school for thematic complex of microbiology. The topic of microbiology is not attractive for students of secondary vocational school and it is very important to find out what the impact of the excursion will be on the knowledge of students who will participate on the excursion Part of this work is evaluation of excursion as an alternative method of teaching and its overall importance in the teaching of biology. Diploma thesis work brings an overview how the individual stages of the excursion should theoretically look like. It provides list of institutions and factories which may be asked for microbiology excursion in practice. Next part includes completely described excursion in brewery U Fleků including preparation realization and evaluation. Excursion was taken by two classes of different fields with identical pre concept of their studies. Part of the school phase of the excursion is testing students in the form of pre test with the knowledge of microbiology theme, particularly beer production and yeasting process. It is followed by excursion part of brewery and at the end comes diagnostic school part when the students will be again tested in the form of post test. At the end of this work there are...

In this thesis, we discuss some topics in random matrix theory which have applications to probability, statistics and quantum information theory. In Chapter 2, by relying on the spectral properties of an associated adjacency matrix, we find the distribution of the maximum of a Dyck path and show that it has the same distribution function as the unsigned Brownian excursion which was first derived in 1976 by Kennedy. We obtain a large and moderate deviation principle for the law of the maximum of a random Dyck path. Our result extends the results of Chung, Kennedy and Khorunzhiy and Marckert. In Chapter 3, we discuss a method of sampling called the Gibbs-slice sampler. This method is based on Neal's slice sampling combined with Gibbs sampling. In Chapter 4, we discuss several examples which have applications in physics and quantum information theory.

La première partie de cette thèse s’inscrit dans le domaine des cartes aléatoires, qui est un sujet à la frontière des probabilités, de la combinatoire et de la physique statistique. Nos travaux complètent une série de résultats de convergence de différents modèles de cartes aléatoires vers la carte brownienne, qui est un espace métrique compact aléatoire. Plus précisément, on montre que la limite d’échelle d’une carte de loi uniforme sur l’ensemble des cartes biparties enracinées à n arêtes, munie de la distance de graphe renormalisée par (2n)^(−1/4), est, au sens de Gromov–Hausdorff, la carte brownienne. Pour prouver ce résultat, les arguments importants sont d’une part l’utilisation d’une bijection combinatoire entre cartes biparties et arbres multitypes, et d’autre part des théorèmes de convergence pour les arbres de Galton–Watson multitypes étiquetés. Dans un deuxième temps, le but est de présenter une théorie des excursions pour le mouvement brownien indexé par l’arbre brownien. De manière analogue à la théorie d’Itô des excursions pour le mouvement brownien, chaque excursion correspond à une composante connexe du complémentaire des zéros du mouvement brownien indexé par l’arbre, et l’excursion est définie comme un processus indexé par un arbre continu. On explique comment mesurer la longueur de la frontière de ces excursions, de sorte que la famille de ces longueurs coïncide avec les sauts d’un processus de branchement à temps continu de mécanisme de branchement stable d’indice 3/2. De plus, conditionnellement aux longueurs des frontières, les excursions sont indépendantes et leur loi conditionnelle est déterminée à l’aide d’une mesure d’excursion explicite que l’on introduit et décrit. Dans ce travail, le serpent brownien apparaît comme un outil particulièrement important. / The first part of this thesis concerns the area of random maps, which is a topic in between probability theory, combinatorics and statistical physics. Our work complements several results of convergence of various classes of random maps to the Brownian map, which is a random compact metric space. More precisely, we prove that the scaling limit of a map which is uniformly distributed over the class of rooted planar maps with n edges, equipped with the graph distance rescaled by (2n)^(−1/4), is, in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense, the Brownian map. To establish this result, the main arguments are the use of a combinatorial bijection between bipartite maps and multitype trees, together with convergence theorems for Galton-Watson multitype trees. We then aim to develop an excursion theory for Brownian motion indexed by the Brownian tree. Analogous to the Itô excursion theory for Brownian motion, each excursion corresponds to a connected component of the complement of the zero set of the tree-indexed Brownian motion, and the excursion is defined as a process indexed by a continuous tree. We explain how to measure the length of the boundary of these excursions, in a way that the collection of these lengths coincides with the collection of jumps of a continuous-state branching process with a 3/2-stable branching mechanism. Moreover, conditionally on the boundary lengths, the excursions are independent and their conditional distribution is determined in terms of an excursion measure that we introduce and study. In this work, the Brownian snake appears as a particularly important tool.

Introduktion: Balans definieras som förmågan att kontrollera tyngdpunkten i förhållande till understödsytan. Bålen är centrum av de kinetiska kedjorna och har en betydelsefull roll vid utförande och kvalitén på rörelser. Tidigare studier har föreslagit att bålstabilitetsträning har en positiv effekt på dynamisk balans. Nedsatt balans kan ge upphov till skador och rehabilitering av dessa sker ofta kliniskt. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sambandet mellan bålstabilitet och dynamisk balans hos unga friska individer. Metod: Studien omfattade 8 försökspersoner. Förfrågan om medverkan sändes till sex klassgrupper med universitetsstudenter på Facebook. Dynamisk balans testades via star excursion balance test och bålstabiliteten testades via core muscle strength and stability test. Resultat: Mellan bålstabilitet och dynamisk balans vid stående på höger fot och sträckning av vänster fot, fanns ett måttligt positivt samband vid riktning posteriomedialt (r=0.63). Samt ett lågt positivt samband vid riktning posteriolateralt (r=0.35). Ett lågt negativt samband kunde ses vid stående på vänster fot och sträckning av höger fot, i den anteriora riktningen (r=-0.45). Konklusion: Samband kan antydas mellan bålstabilitet och dynamisk balans vid enstaka sträckriktningar och skiljer sig beroende på stödfot. Större studier behövs för vidare undersökning inom området.

Balance is the ability to maintain an individual’s centre of mass over his or her base of support while standing. Ballet dancers have better balance than non-dancer control groups as they presented with better sensory-motor integrative skills when required to maintain a given posture for a longer period. To evaluate functional balance abilities, assessing individuals with above average balance abilities may provide valuable information about function. The balance of trained ballet dancers (N1) was investigated by comparing Sensory Organisaiton Test (SOT), Motor Control Test (MCT) and Limits of Stability (LOS) test results to matched non-trained individuals (N2). A quasi-experimental and two group design was used. Ten matched trained ballet dancers (N1) and 10 untrained individuals were included in the study. Trained ballet dancers (N1) had an average of 16.6 (± 4.24) years of experience, while non-trained individuals (N2) had none. No significant dufferences in demographic data was present between groups. Both groups reflected good overall balance and similar sensory organization. No differences in reflex latencies and weight symmetry of the left or right leg was present. Trained ballet dancers (N1) reflected higher response strength for medium forward translations (p.05) with the left leg, indicating poorer amplitude scaling in response to platform translations than those of non-trained individuals (N2). In non-trained individuals (N2), there was less variation in the response strength between legs. Research indicated that stretch reflex amplitude was attenuated as load stability was reduced. Co-contraction was also heightened as stability was reduced, but not enough to oppose the induced instability, probably due to feed-forward strategies instead of rapid involuntary feedback. Trained ballet dancers (N1) were able to extend further out of their Centre of Pressure (COP) than non-trained individual (N2) during forward (p<.05) and right forward (p<.05) movements. It was concluded that that for forward and right forward movements, ballet dancers used the feedback they received during the movements better than non-trained individuals (N2), resulting in a better awareness of where to go in space and how to reach that position after a subsequent attempt. This difference may be as a result of continuous training. Ballet training exercises can be used to rehabilitate individuals with impaired limits of stability. Further studies should be done on exactly which ballet training exercise results in increased limits of stability. / Mini Dissertation (MCommunication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / MCommunication Pathology / Unrestricted